FSHN 120 EXAM 2 study guide – Flashcards
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Which of the following is NOT a health problem relating to eating too much sugar?
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Hyperactivity in children
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A technique employed by some endurance athletes to increase their storage of muscle glycogen is
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Carbohydrate loading
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When fructose and glucose are bonded together, they form ______ sugar.
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table
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Which of the following are the preferred fuels for most body functions?
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carbohydrate and fat
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Sugar alcohols are most often used in which the following products
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chewing gum
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How many grams of carbohydrates (per day) are recommended to prevent ketosis in healthy individuals (RDA)?
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130 Grams
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Which artificial sweetener was almost banned because of a proposed relationship with bladder cancer in experimental animals?
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Saccharin
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Which of the following is NOT associated with type 2 diabetes?
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Autoimmune desease
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Recommended treatment for type 2 diabetes includes
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Diet rich in fiber
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Which of the following hormones is released when your blood sugar is too high?
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Insulin
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Which of the following is associated with the development of ketosis?
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A diet that contains insufficient carbohydrates
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Which of the following hormones is NOT involved in maintaining food glucose levels?
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Thyroxin
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Insulin CANNOT be taken orally. Why?
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Insulin is a protein and would be broken down by the human digestive tract if taken orally.
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All of the following are associated with type 1 diabetes EXCEPT:
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obesity
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After a meal, which hormone is responsible for moving glucose into the body's cells
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Insulin
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The term complex carbohydrates refers to:
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Polysaccharides
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The storage form of glucose in animals found in the liver and skeletal muscle is:
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Glycogen
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What is the major monosaccharide found in the body?
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Glucose
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Mrs. Clancy's doctor has suggested she increase the fiber content in her diet. Which of the following would NOT be good advice for Mrs. Clancy?
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Add additional fiber by taking fiber supplements each day
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Which of the following enzymes is found in the mouth?
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Salivary amylase
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The insoluble fiber that provides the main structural component of plant cell walls is________.
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Cellulose
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Insulin is synthesized and secreted by the
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Pancreas
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A disaccharide is formed by the chemical bonding of
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two monosaccharide's
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Diabetes is a condition in which the body does NOT regulate _______ properly.
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Glucose
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All of the following are symptoms/side effects of ketosis EXCEPT:
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high blood cholesterol
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How many calories are potentially provided by 25 grams of fat?
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225 kilocalories
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What lifestyle changes can a person take to improve his or or her blood lipid profile?
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Lower intake of saturated fats and trans fats
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Why are phospholipids NOT an essential nutrient?
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Our bodies manufacture phospholipids
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The key structural components of a cell's membrane are _____.
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Phospholipids
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The Acceptable Macronutrient Distribution Range (AMDR) for fat is ___ of total energy intake.
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20-35%
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Which of the folowing ingredients would alert you to the likely presence of trans fatty acid in a product?
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Partially hydrogenated vegetable oil
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The major form of fat in both food and the body is ______.
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Triglycerides
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Which of the following are excellent sources of unsaturated fats?
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Nts and nut butters
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What is the leading cause of death in the United States?
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heart disease
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Saturated fats are _____.
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Found in whole mild and beef
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Research has found the strongest association between dietary fat intake and what type of cancer?
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Prostate
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Which of the following is a fat replacer?
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Olestra
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The National Institutes of Health (NIH) currently recommend a reduction in dietary sodium intake to less than _____ mg per day.
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2,400
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A triglyceride is comprised of:
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3 fatty acids and 1 glycerol
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Which of the following food items would contain the highest amount of saturated fat
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butter
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Sex hormones and adrenal hormones are substances derived from which class of lipid?
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Sterols
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How many calorties are potentially provided by 25 grams of fat?
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225 kilocalories
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Which of the following foods are rich sources of monounsaturated fatty acids?
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Olive oil and cashew niuts
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All of the following are majr classes of dietary lipids EXCEPY
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Glycogens
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Which of the following species of fish would likely contain the highest level of contaminants?
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Salmon
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Which of the following is a rich source of omega-6 fatty acids
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Margarine made from corn or safflower oil
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All of the following are examples of amino-acid containing hormones EXCEPT:
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Testosterone
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Significant chemical digestion of protien beings in the
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Stomach
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Proteases are:
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Enzymes that break down protein in the small intestine
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A protein's _______ structure refers to the twisting, spiral shape formed by the sequence and chemical properties of its amino acids.
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Secondary
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Which of the following is NT a major function of protein in the human body?
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Provide energy to the body
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Which of the following foods is a source of complete protein?
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Chicken
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All of the following parts of an amino acid molecule EXCEPT:
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a fatty acid group
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Which part of an individual amino acid distinguishes it from other amino acids?
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side chain
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Which of the following health problems is NOT associated with high protein intakes?
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Sickle cell anemia
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The process through which mRNA copies genetic information from DNA and carries it to the ribosome is called ______.
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Transcription
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Which of the following is MOST likely to be in positive nitrogen balance?
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A 29 year ld women who is 6 months pregnant
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Which of the following statements is FALSE?
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The body stores excess protein primarily for energy reserves
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Which of the following is the most complete protein from a plant source?
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Soybeans
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Which of the following supplements would you recommend a vegan add to his/her diet?
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Vitamin B12
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What element makes protein different from carbohydrate and fat?
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Nitrogen
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What element makes protein different from carbohydrate and fat?
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Nitrogen
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In what structure of the mammalian cell are proteins synthesized
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Ribosome
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Which of the following proteins are fundamental to the immune system?
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Antibodies
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Which of the following does NOT define a "healthy body weight?"
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A weight that is acceptable to society
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All of the following are risk factors for Metabolic Syndrome EXCEPT:
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Lower than normal bone density
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What type of weight loss will an individual experience by restricting calories but not increasing his or her level of physical activity
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lean body tissue
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Which of the following correctly describes the energy balance equation?
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Energy consumed equals energy expended
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All of the following result in satiety EXCEPT:
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Decrease in blood sugar
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Benjamin is an 18-year-old college student who is 5'10" tall and weights 170 pounds. How many kilocalories does he expend each day for basal metabolism?
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1855 kcals
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In theory, what would be the approximate weight gain of a person who consumes an excess of 500 kcal every day for four weeks?
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4 lbs
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A body weight that exceeds 100% of the normal standard for a given height is called _____.
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Morbid obseity
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Which nutrient requires the least amount of energy to digest, transport, and store?
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fat
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Serena is 5'8" tall and weighs 180 pounds. Serena's BMI indicates that she is _____.
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Overweight
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Some athletes believe that caffeine can enhance athletic performance because it has been shown to:
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Increase the use of fatty acids as a fuel source
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Why are the B vitamins especially important to an athlete?
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The B vitamins are directly involved in energy metabolism
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Which of the following psychiatric disorders cause the most deaths among women?
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Anorexia nervosa
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What is the cause of soprts anemia?
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Increase in plasma volume due to traning
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Physical activity not related to a person's occupation is defined as ______.
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Leisure-time physical activity
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In which of the following events would carbohydrate loading NOT be beneficial?
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Weightlifting
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George plays basketball for his high school team and he is concerned that he is not consuming enough kilocalories to support his activity. Which of the following would be the BEST indicator that he is not consuming adequate kilocalories?
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He is losing weight
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Which of the following is NOT true about cool-down exercise after an exercise session?
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Helps digestion later on
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In which of the following sports are male athletes at greater risk for developing bulimia nervosa?
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Wrestling
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Currently, the best known treatment of eating disorders is:
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A team-management approach
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A nonspecific marker of inflammation associated with cardiovascular dsease is ______.
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C-reactive protein _CRP)
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Which of the following is NOT associated with binge-eating disorder?
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Purging
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The label on a box of chocolate cookeis claims that they are "low-fa." By law, each serving must contain:
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3 grams or less fat
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Which of the following foods contains a large quantity of saturated fatty acids?
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Palm kernel and coconut oils
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Which of the following carbohydrates is the end product of photosynthesis?
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Glucose
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The label of a ready-to-eat cereal box indicates that 1 cup contains 32 grams of carbohydrate, 4 grams of protein, 2 grams of fat. How many kcals are there in two cups of this ceral?
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324 kclals
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The richest dietary source of resistant starch is _____.
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Legumes
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Vegetarian diets are associated with increased consumption of __________.
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Antioxidents
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Petra is a long distance track athlete who would like to optimize her glycogen stores. If she weighs 132 pounds, how many grams of carbohydrate should she consume to achieve this goal?
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360-600
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At rest, the body's fuel source is primarily:
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Fat
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Which of the following is NOT a common life-long problem following surgery to a morbid obesity?
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Increase resistance to infection
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Which of the following is an example of a soluble fiber?
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Pectins
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Which of the following BEST describes Dr. Barry Sear's The Zone Diet?
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High-protein diet designed for competitive athletes
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In the following types of exercise cold CP (creatine phosphate) be an important source of energy?
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Sprinting in the 100-meter race
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Insulin is synthesized and secreted in the
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Pancreas
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Which of the following statements is FALSE?
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The body stores excess protein primarily for energy reserves
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A diet low in fiber is associated with an increased risk of developing:
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diverticulosis
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Which of the following is a modifiable risk factor for cardiovascular disease?
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Being overweight
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Fat leaves the chylomicron and moves in the adipose cells when _____ comes in cntact with it, which causes the triglyceride to break up and be take into the adipose cell.
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Lipoprotien lipase
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Which of the following is associated with the development of ketosis?
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A diet that contains insufficient carbohydrate
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Which of the following BeEST describes why the body reduces non-vital body functions in untreated anorexia nervosa?
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the body needs to conserve energy
