FSHN 120 exam 2 – Flashcards
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The female athlete triad consists of three conditions, including low energy availability/level, osteoporosis, and __________
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amenorrhea (menstrual disruption)
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On average, an individual's BMR decreases approximately 3 to 5 percent per decade after what age?
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30
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The loss of tooth enamel seen in bulimia nervosa is due to the insufficient intake of calcium.
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False
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The best treatment option for people who are medically unstable or display signs of malnutrition is likely
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Inpatient hospitalization
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An individual's body composition refers to the amount of fat tissue mass as compared with lean tissue mass.
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True
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The thermic effect of fat is higher than that of carbohydrate or protein.
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False
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The primary determinant of basal metabolic rate (BMR) is?
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Lean Body Mass
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Approximately what percentage of children who are obese maintain their higher weight as adults?
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70%
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Approximately what percentage of our total energy output is attributable to the thermic effect of food?
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up to 10%
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The type of fat distribution pattern associated with an increased risk of type 2 diabetes and heart disease is known as pear shaped fat patterning.
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False
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In the fall semester, Matthew contracted pneumonia and had to drop his classes and return home to recuperate. He was already underweight, and he lost more weight during his illness. Up to how many extra Calories a day should he consume to regain to a healthy weight?
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1000 kcal
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Healthful weight change involves three primary stages; gradual changes in energy intake, appropriate physical activity, and
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using behavior modification techniques
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Waist circumference alone can predict someones risk for chronic disease?
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true
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A goal for outpatient counseling for eating disorders includes
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establishing structured eating behaviors
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Which of the following BEST explains why individuals with anorexia nervosa have an increased risk for developing osteoporosis?
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decreased estrogen production
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Which nutrient requires the LEAST amount of energy to digest, transport, and store?
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fat
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Have heat producing brown adipose tissue containing uncoupling proteins only been found in animals and newborn humans?
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False
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Which of the following is NOT a common life long problem following surgery for morbid obesity?
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increased risk for type 2 diabetes
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Which of the following is an effective dietary strategy for reducing chronic disease risk?
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replace saturated and trans fats with poly and monounsaturated fats
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Which of the following provides the physiological control center for hunger regulation?
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the hypothalamus
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The primary end product of glycolysis is?
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pyruvic acid
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Glycolysis, which provides energy by breaking down carbohydrates like glucose, relates to activities lasting?
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generally less than 3 minutes
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Physical activity not related to a person's occupation is known as?
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leisure time physical activity
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Creatine use enhances an athlete's ability to perform sprints in swimming, running, and cycling?
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True
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The human body cannot store glycogen during the first 24 hours of recovery from intense exercise?
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False
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Which of the following is NOT true about the cause of muscle fatigue and soreness after exercise?
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Build up of lactic acid is the primary cause of muscle fatigue and soreness
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Carbohydrate loading involves altering?
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exercise duration and carbohydrate intake
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How does beta alanine supplementation enhance a person's ability to perform short term, high intensity activities?
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it helps increase the levels of muscle carnosine
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A sound fitness program includes?
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warm up and cool down periods
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When oxygen availability is limited in the cell, pyruvic acid is converted to lactic acid?
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True
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To stay healthy, athletes should consume less than 15% of their kilocalories from fat?
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False
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A patent indicates?
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difference between products
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Carbohydrate lading is effective for most athletes and poses no disadvantages?
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False
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Elisa is a gymnast who trains on average for two hours each day. She supports her daily activity by consuming 2,500 kilocalories per day. What is the minimum number of kilocalories she should consume from carbohydrates?
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1,125 kcal
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The combination of heart, lungs, and circulatory system that supplies oxygen and nutrients to working muscles is known as the?
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cardiorespiratory system
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Time of activity, part of the FITT principle, refers to?
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how long each session lasts
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Many athletes have higher _______ needs than the Acceptable Macronutrient Distribution Ranges (AMDR) or Recommended Daily Allowance (RDA) for the general population?
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Protein
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When oxygen is scarce, cellular pyruvic acid is converted to?
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lactic acid
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Carbohydrate loading maximizes the amount of which substance stored in skeletal muscles?
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glycogen
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What is the primary form of fat in the diet?
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triglycerides
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Which of the following is a rich source of polyunsaturated fatty acids?
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corn oil
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Which of the following foods contain a large quantity of saturated fatty acids?
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palm kernel and coconut oils
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Which of the following health problems has been associated with consumption of fat replacers?
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mild gastrointestinal discomfort
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Research has found the strongest association between dietary fat intake and what type of cancer?
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prostate
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High fat intake is especially difficult to avoid if you regularly eat?
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fast food
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The production of endogenous very low density lipoproteins (VLDL) is decreased by?
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Exercise
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Which of the following are excellent sources of unsaturated fats?
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nuts and nut butters
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Which of the following statements is FALSE regarding the process of hydrogenation?
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hydrogenation creates a "heart healthy" product
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Eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) can be derived in limited quantities from?
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Alpha linolenic acid
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Why are phospholipids NOT essential nutrients?
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our bodies produce phospholipids
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Very low density lipoproteins (VLDLs) primarily transport _____ to the body's cells?
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Triglycerides
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A meal containing 10 g of fat proves how much kcal from fat?
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90
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The strongest association between dietary fat intake and cancer relates to?
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prostate cancer
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What role do polyunsaturated fatty acids play in the brain and spinal cord?
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they help transmit information between cells of the brain and spinal cord
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Which of the following is NOT a function of fat in the human body?
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fats make us feel hungry
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Which of the following are NOT major classes of dietary lipids?
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glycogens
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Diets high in trans and what other type of fatty acid contribute to chronic diseases, including heart disease and cancer?
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saturated
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Fatty acids can be used _______ by cells for energy?
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immediately
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Which of the following recommendations have been shown to improve blood lipid levels and reduce the risk for cardiovascular disease?
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maintaining fat intake to within 20-35% of total energy
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How many levels of protein have been identified?
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4
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Chemical digestion of protein begins in the?
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stomach
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The process in which a protein loses its shape and function when exposed to acids, heat, and heavy metals is deamination?
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False
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Phylloquinone and menaquinone are better known as?
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vitamin K
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Complementary proteins provide all twenty essential amino acids?
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False
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Which of the following is NOT a component of an amino acid molecule?
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a fatty acid group
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The absorption of proteins occurs in the?
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small intestine
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Fat soluble vitamins should be consumed more frequently than water soluble vitamins?
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False
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Soybeans are good sources of protein, and the protein quality is almost identical to that of meat?
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True
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Diets high in protein are associated with low blood cholesterol levels?
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false
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Most minerals are absorbed better from animal food sources than from supplements?
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true
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When a protein attracts or releases hydrogen, it acts as a?
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hydrogenater
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Which vitamins pose the greatest risk of toxicity?
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vitamins A and D
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Which of the following foods, when combined, provide the amino acids to make a complete protein?
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Tofu and broccoli with almonds
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In what structure of the mammalian cell are proteins synthesized?
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ribosome
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Which of the following statements does NOT describe water soluble vitamins?
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Water soluble vitamins are stored in large amounts in the body
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Unlike lipids and carbohydrates, proteins are?
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nitrogen containing
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Consuming individual amino acid supplements can build muscle and improve strength?
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false
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A healthy pregnant woman is in positive nitrogen balance?
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true
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Most Americans consume sufficient or excess amounts of dietary protein?
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true
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How does the body respond to high blood glucose levels?
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insulin secretion
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People with impaired fasting glucose are more likely to develop ______ than those with normal fasting blood glucose levels?
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type 2 diabetes
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How many grams of carbohydrate per day are recommended for adults 19 years and older?
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130 grams
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Carbohydrates contain?
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carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen
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Research has shown that the high consumption of high fructose corn syrup is one of the major causes of obesity in America today?
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False
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The richest dietary source of resistant starch is?
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legumes
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The glycemic index compares various foods to the glycemic index of?
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glucose
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Type 1 diabetes destroys the?
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insulin producing cells of the pancreas
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Which group orders foods from highest to lowest glycemic index?
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glucose, white bread, white rice, apple
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Lactose, maltose, and sucrose are?
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disaccharides
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Recommended treatment for type 2 diabetes includes?
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selecting carbohydrates that are rich in fiber
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One tablespoon of honey contains more Calories than one tablespoon of table sugar?
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false
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Type 1 is the most common form of diabetes?
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False
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Hypoglycemia is seen ONLY in people with type 1 diabetes.?
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False
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Mikayla's doctor has suggested that she increase the fiber content of her diet. Which of the following would NOT be good advice for Mikayla?
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add additional fiber by taking fiber supplements each day
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The term complex carbohydrates refers to?
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polysaccharides
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Because they are not digested in humans, resistant starches are harmful to the colon?
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false
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Which of the following provides about one third of the daily adequate intake (AI) of fiber for women?
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one half cup of cooked lentils
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The glycogen stored in muscle cells is used primarily to provide glucose for red blood cells?
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false
