Freshmen: Geography Chapters 12 and 13 – Flashcards

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The source of Europe's most important river systems, including those of Southern Europe is
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the Alps.
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The major mountain chains of Southern Europe include the
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Alps, Pyrenees, and Apennines.
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Southern Europe is a popular destination for tourists because of its ________ summer climate.
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warm, dry
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Why does most of the agriculture of Southern Europe occur along the coastal plain region?
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It has higher amounts of rainfall and rich, sedimentary soil conditions.
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Which type of landform is found in regions that may be prone to earthquakes caused by plate tectonic forces?
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massif
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The languages of Italy, Spain, and Portugal are categorized as Romance languages, which are based on
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Latin
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Which statement summarizes trends in the population patterns of Southern Europe today?
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Births are occurring at a slower rate than deaths, resulting in a shrinking, aging population.
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As manufacturing activity declined across Southern Europe over the past 30 years, the ________ sector has increased steadily.
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service
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Which factors account for economic instability in the Southern European region in the 21st century?
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government overspending, high unemployment, high national debt
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The 1975 creation of the ________ was an attempt by Mediterranean nations to limit the damage to the environment caused by increases in human activity.
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Mediterranean Action Plan
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What is one way that growing tourism directly affects the health of the marine life within the Mediterranean ecosystem?
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Growing numbers of tourists want to sample local cuisines, especially seafood dishes in coastal areas, resulting in overfishing.
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Removal of which essential elements leads to erosion that can cause desert-like conditions?
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topsoil and the vegetation it supports
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Tourism is a major component of Southern Europe's economy. This is an example of the region's increasing dependence on the ________ sector.
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services
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Which describes the population pattern of Southern Europe today?
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declining
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Which characterizes winters in Southern Europe?
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mild and rainy
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Which lists a geographical feature that has kept the Balkan Peninsula isolated and slow to develop economically, and another feature that has helped to offset, or balance, that isolation?
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mountainous terrain/surrounded by three seas
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Greeks in ancient Athens introduced the concept of ________, which has influenced society, politics, and culture around the world.
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democracy
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What economic actions by the European Union have caused political tension among member states?
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The EU gave loans and subsidies to some members in Southern Europe, stretching resources and creating resentment among member states.
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Select an example that could belong under the heading "Managing Resources" of Southern Europe.
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preventing deforestation
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Which period saw a resurgence of the arts and culture in Europe during the 1300s after a long period of decline?
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Renaissance
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What is a leading cause of deforestation?
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fires caused by the drier and warmer conditions of climate change
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Which mountain range runs along the spine of the Italian Peninsula?
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Apennines
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an independent urban region in ancient Greece with its own unique society and government
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city-state
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a period of cultural rebirth with renewed interest in classical learning
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Renaissance
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an interdependent relationship between two places
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complementarity
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a political movement where smaller regions that shared common linguistic and cultural patterns unified into formal states
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nationalism
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in sculpture, to depict the human form as accurately as possible
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realism
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30. Explain the human impacts that can cause pollution hot spots in the Mediterranean Sea.
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Pollution such as chemical fertilizer runoff, oil spills or other waste from cruise ships, and warmer water temperatures due to climate change all lead to pollution hot spots resulting in the death of marine ecosystems.
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31.In a paragraph, evaluate the European Union's role in the economic and political development of Southern Europe. How has the EU impacted environmental issues in the region?
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The region of Southern Europe has benefited from inclusion in the EU, as well as from its policies. The EU assists the economically distressed region with loans and subsidies, especially during the economic crises following the collapse of the housing market. EU sponsored environmental management policies.
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The Dinaric Alps run parallel to coast of the
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Adriatic Sea.
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The Hungarian Plain is characterized by
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orchards, vineyards, and livestock.
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Which region has a Mediterranean climate with hot, dry summers and mild, rainy winters?
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the southern areas of the Adriatic Sea
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What type of climate does the Baltic Sea region experience?
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continental climate, with short summers and long, cold winters
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How was the political geography of Eastern Europe reshaped after the end of World War I?
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Most countries changed their borders, and new countries were formed.
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When did the first Slavs migrate from Asia to Eastern Europe?
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thousands of years ago
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The Eastern European countries that benefited from foreign investments shortly after the fall of communism were countries
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located near Western Europe.
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How did the fall of the Soviet Union impact the health care system in Eastern Europe?
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Countries retained their free government health care systems.
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The largest minority group in Europe is the
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Roma
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The black triangle is an example of an area with high pollution caused by
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burning coal as a power source.
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Factories built and operated during the communist era were heavy polluters because the communist governments
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placed a higher priority on rapid industrialization than on protecting the environment.
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The Helsinki Convention for the Protection of the Marine Environment of the Baltic Sea Area was groundbreaking because it was the first
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agreement to regulate land-based pollution that endangered a shared marine environment.
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Why do so few people who sell illegally logged wood get caught?
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The companies responsible for managing forests have gone out of business.
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The European Union has established low-emission zones in Eastern Europe, which are areas where
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vehicles with high pollutant emissions are banned.
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Yugoslavia only existed from the 1940s to the 1990s because
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its corrupt government was removed and the territory was absorbed by neighboring countries.
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Which two ethnic groups were most affected by ethnic cleansing during the 1990s?
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Bosnian Croats and Bosnian Muslims
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Most of Eastern Europe has a ________ climate.
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continental
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Why is the industrial area of Poland, eastern Germany, and the Czech Republic called the black triangle?
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The burning of coal coats the area with black soot.
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The earliest people of Eastern Europe were
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Slavs, Germanic, and Celtic.
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Many people in Eastern Europe burn wood to heat their homes because
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it is cheaper than electricity.
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Which statement about countries during the communist era is true?
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Almost no communist countries in Eastern Europe had anti-pollution laws.
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Which geographic feature played the greatest role in the development of most major cities in Eastern Europe?
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access to navigable water
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Which statement about the Hungarian Plains is true?
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It has fertile soil used to grow grains and vegetables.
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The Austro-Hungarian and Ottoman Empires ruled much of Eastern Europe until
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the end of World War I.
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Which characteristic protected the Balkan Peninsula from invaders, allowing the Slavic people in the area to create independent states?
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mountainous terrain
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What is the predominant natural vegetation in areas around the Adriatic Sea?
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shrubland with some woodlands and forests
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An example of a conservation effort to protect marine life in the Black Sea region is
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banning dolphin fishing.
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a waterway that connects Eastern Europe to the North Sea and Northwestern Europe
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Main-Danube Canal
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a body of water that connects Europe to Asia
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Black Sea
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a waterway that links industrial cities with ports on the Baltic Sea
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Oder River
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a body of water that connects to the Atlantic Ocean, allowing for trade between countries in Eastern Europe and the rest of the world
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Mediterranean Sea
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a body of water that provides a trade route between mainland Europe and the Scandinavian Peninsula
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Baltic Sea
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64. In a paragraph, explain what changed after World War II that led to changes in Eastern Europe's total population. Support your answer with examples from the chapter.
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After the war, there was large-scale migration, both internally and externally. The reasons varied, but included persons displaced by the war, Jewish people who emigrated to Israel and other countries, persons dissatisfied with the political, social, and economic upheaval following the war, and the desire to flee communism.
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