Flashcards on Foundations Final
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Local school districts have been delegated powers and duties by the a. county gov't b. local gov't c. state gov't d. federal gov't
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c. state gov't
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Authority for approval in the hiring of new teachers rests with the a. principal b. school board c. superintendent d. teachers in the school where the opening exists
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b. school board
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Walden Primary School has just instituted school-based management. Which of the following activities will now be particularly important to Susanne's effectiveness as a school principal? a. making teaching assignments b. collaborating with teachers and other school staff c. taking direction from the superintendent d. developing reports for the district office
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b. collaborating with teachers and other school staff
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The combination of a number of smaller school districts into one or two larger ones is called a. consolidation b. decentralization c. teacher empowerment d. community control
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a. consolidation
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The merging of school districts has been resisted by some communities because they did not want to a. change curricular programs b. close schools c. increase school costs d. shift teachers to other buildings
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b. close schools
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When comparing large and small districts, it is probably most realistic to argue that a. although large districts may realize some financial efficiency, they generally suffer from a higher degree of bureaucratic constraints b. large districts are no more likely than small ones to be constrained by bureaucratic problems, because most decisions about education are made at the state and federal levels c. small districts are just as notorious as large districts in terms of inefficient organization and bureaucratic constraints d. it is impossible to compare the organizational efficiency of small and large districts.
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a. although large districts may realize some financial efficiency, they generally suffer from a higher degree of bureaucratic constraints
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Some studies indicate that compared with large high schools, small high schools have a. better attendance rates only b. improved grades only c. more student responsiveness only d. all of the above
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d. all of the above
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_____ is (are) a key component of the No Child Left Behind Act. a. data collection b. parent involvement c. assessment intervention d. state examinations
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b. parent involvement
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Educational opportunities for all citizens, with responsibility shared with various community institutions, is an example of a. community control b. community education c. community participation d. all the above
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b. community education
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As described in chapter 7, a 1987 study led by two researchers concluded that an ideal high school should enroll ____ students to be most effective. a. 250 b. 500 c. 1000 d. 2000
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a. 250
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When considering school reform, which federal law has had the largest impact on reform since the wave of school reforms in 1957? a. No Child Left Behind b. IDEA c. Great Start d. No Worker Left Behind
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a. No Child Left Behind
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Private and parochial schools are not exempt from state legislation concerning a. curricular content b. technology policies c. health standards d. teacher salaries
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c. health standards
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Which of the following statements best describes the nature of the governance and administration of public schools in the United States? a. Although the influence of the federal government has begun to increase in recent years, public education is clearly seen as a responsibility of states and local districts b. Professional educators have succeeded in wrestling control from school boards and legislatures and in establishing their own control over major educational decisions in this country, thus removing much of the politics from the process c. Parents and community members have been able to achieve unprecedented levels of influence in public schools in the united states d. After about 200 years of public education, it is still very difficult to identify any single group, combination of groups, or level of government that is clearly in charge of public education
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a. Although the influence of the federal government has begun to increase in recent years, public education is clearly seen as a responsibility of states and local districts
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How many levels are there in the United States educational system? a. 2 b. 4 c. 6 d. 8
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b. 4
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The level of government that pays the highest percentage of total schools revenues is the a. local level b. national level c. state level d. federal level
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c. state level
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_____ taxes suggest that the greater the income or property worth, the more one should pay in taxes. a. Progressive b. Regressive c. Income d. Property
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a. Progressive
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Ashbury Elementary Schools needs an after school child care center. Of the following types of revenue, which is best suited (or perhaps easiest to attain) for support of this project? a. increased state income tax b. a new sales tax c. user fees d. increased property tax
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c. user fees
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Low-income families would consider a sales tax on food to be a a. fair tax b. municipal overburden c. progressive tax d. regressive tax
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d. regressive tax
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What is the primary purpose of assessing user fees in a school environment? a. to collect an additional tax revenue b. to offset shrinking revenues from traditional sources c. to replace property tax d. because there is no other source
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b. to offset shrinking revenues from traditional sources
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To accurately determine the degree of support a state gives education, one must look at the per-pupil expenditure and the a. illiteracy rate b. income tax rate c. per capita income d. sales tax rate
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c. per capita income
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Currently, _____ states have sales tax that contributes to the public school system. a. 16 b. 26 c. 36 d. 46
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d. 46
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Many state courts have ruled that inequities in educational expenditures in districts throughout the state are a. to be remedied by the state department of education b. created by the sales tax c. unconstitutional d. all of the above
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c. unconstitutional
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State court decisions affecting financial support of public education have sent the message that a. if budgets reflect blatant discrepancies from one district to another within a state, the federal government may intervene b. discrepancies in quality of education are not related to funding c. the level of financial support for public education clearly does make a difference in the quality of education d. a national system of providing for the financial support of public education is necessary to alleviate discrepancies in funding
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c. the level of financial support for public education clearly does make a difference in the quality of education
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The largest portion of revenue for the schools is generated from ____. a. personal income tax b. sales tax c. property tax d. assessment tax
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a. personal income tax
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The No Child Left Behind requirement that teachers be highly qualified is frustrating to state and local school authorities because a. the requirements are so extreme that very few teachers can meet the standard, thus creating teacher shortages b. state departments of education cannot agree on what is meant by "highly qualified" c. the new requirements apply only to new teachers d. federal funding to states has lagged behind what the states need to cover the cost of implementing the requirements
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d. federal funding to states has lagged behind what the states need to cover the cost of implementing the requirements
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Taxpayer resistance has called for educators to be more a. accountable for the success of programs b. cautious in talking with legislators c. innovative in program design d. realistic about teacher salary increases
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a. accountable for the success of programs
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Teachers and administrators are being held accountable for their actions because of pressure primarily from a. parents b. principals c. school boards d. students
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a. parents
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Additional taxes that can be applied to education include a. excise, gift tax, severance tax, and corporate income tax b. excise tax and corporate tax c. gift and excise tax d. severance tax
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a. excise, gift tax, severance tax, and corporate income tax
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One of the increasing trends in funding for education is the growth of the ______ population, who may no longer have a vested interest in increasing taxes for school. a. bilingual b. senior citizen c. young couples d. migrant
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b. senior citizens
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Elementary and secondary education represents approximately _____ perfect of the nation's annual gross domestic product. a. 4 b. 8 c. 16 d. 32
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a. 4
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The _____ Supreme Court declared that the entire state educational system of funding schools with property tax was unconstitutional, which prompted significant reform. a. California b. Michigan c. New York d. Kentucky
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d. Kentucky
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Those who are opposed to the concept of government-supported religion would find support for this notion in the US Constitution's a. equal protection clause b. establishment clause c. Fourteenth Amendment d. free exercise clause
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b. establishment clause
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Teachers who have tenure a. are permitted to invoke the free exercise clause b. cannot be dismissed without cause c. can transfer their tenure to another district d. must sign a new contract each year
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b. cannot be dismissed without cause
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The rules and principles that a district must follow when attempting to dismiss a tenured teacher are mandated by the a. breach of contract guidelines b. due process guidelines c. establishment clause d. free exercise clause
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b. due process guidelines
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Extensive video surveilance can violate the student's _____. a. first amendment rights b. fifth amendment rights c. personal space d. fourth amendment protection against search and seizure
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d. fourth amendment protection against search and seizure
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If high school student is injured in a classroom science experiment, the teacher is most likely to be found negligent if a. the teacher was in another part of the room when the accident occurred b.the teacher had not informed parents in advance of the potential danger of the experiment c. the student had been permitted to assemble the equipment for the experiment themselves d. the students had received no instruction in how to conduct the experiment
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d. the students had received no instruction in how to conduct the experiment
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An elementary school requires students' parents to sign a consent form prior to any field trip or activity off the school grounds. legally, such consent forms can be used to a. inform parents of their children's whereabouts during an activity b. reduce the supervision needed for the activity c. release teachers from liability in case of an accident d. release the school district, but not the supervising teachers, from liability
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a. inform parents of their children's whereabouts during an activity
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A friend of yours who teaches in a public elementary school has been fired for incompetence, and he is contesting the district's action. he is most likely to get his job back if a. he tells the court he will take courses to improve his teaching b. his principal counseled him to resign prior to his dismissal c. he was tenured at the time of his termination d. his district did not document attempts to help him improve
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d. his district did not document attempts to help him improve
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The law regarding confidentiality of student records also applies to ________. a. parent information b. grades c. test scores d. all of the above
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d. all of the above
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An instructional media teacher who regularly videotapes copyrighted TV programs for use by classroom teachers in his middle high school violates copyright laws if he a. allows a teacher to show the same tape once during the first ten days after the initial taping b. keeps the videotape on file in the school library for thirty days after the taping c. makes the tapes without an advance request from one or more teachers d. erases the videotape after forty-five days
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c. makes the tapes without an advance request from one or more teachers
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Teachers need to be familiar with the legal principle of fair use when a. identifying student helpers in the classroom b. letting children take turns using classroom materials c. photocopying materials for classroom use d. selecting textbooks to be used in the classroom
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c. photocopying materials for classroom use
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Organized and mandated prayer and Bible readings are ______. a. allowed in a public school b. allowed in a public school after hours only c. not allowed in a public school d. allowed with prior approval
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c. not allowed in a public school
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The US supreme court has ruled that expression of unpopular views by students is a. allowed only outside the classroom b. allowed only in the context of the subject area being discussed c. allowed if it is not disruptive d. prohibited under all circumstances
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c. allowed if it is not disruptive
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Court rulings indicate that when they are establishing dress codes for students, schools should a. appoint a parent-teacher advisory group b. avoid any restrictions on student dress c. determine the educational purposes for any such restrictions d. select a student advisory committee to determine the dress code
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c. determine the educational purposes for any such restrictions
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As a result of Goss v. Lopez, students are seen as having a property interest in their education. because of this, a. a school's curriculum and instruction cannot be substantially changed without parental approval b. students can no longer be expelled from public schools c. teachers cannot send students to a "time out" area of the classroom as a disciplinary measure d. students cannot be suspended without due process
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d. students cannot be suspended without due process
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Before school officials can search a student, there must be a. probable cause b. a search warrant c. parental permission d. reasonable cause
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d. reasonable cause
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When identifying and enforcing standards of conduct, teachers have a. broad authority as interpreted by the courts b. broad authority as interpreted by the state department of education c. narrow authority as directed by the school board d. narrow authority as directed by the superintendent
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a. broad authority as interpreted by the courts
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The ultimate authority for prohibiting corporal punishment rests with the a. school board b. state c. superintendent d. teacher
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b. state
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Excessive punishment of students is in violation of a. academic freedom b. due process rights c. the equal protection clause d. the free excise clause
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b. due process rights
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With the u.s. supreme court's recent emphasis on the reasonableness of school policies, more responsibility falls on a. the department of education b. school officials c. the state department of education d. the state legislature
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b. school officials
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In cases heard by courts, only _____ rulings can be applied nationally a. the US supreme court's b. the state supreme court's c. the department of education's d. regional court's
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a. the US supreme court's
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On the basis of court rulings, a science teacher cannot teach creation-science and evolution-science together, because this approach would a. advance a religious doctrine b. confuse the learner c. create community unrest d. be inconsistent with the rest of the curriculum
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a. advance a religious doctrine
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Your high school has a media center that makes an excellent meeting facility, and your school regularly lets student groups meet there. a student-fundamentalist Bible club has asked permission to assemble in this room for its weekly after-school meetings. legally, your school a. may safely refuse this group only if it discontinues all other extracurricular activities b. may refuse this request because meetings of a religious nature cannot be conducted on school property c. may refuse this group only if it does not have an outside community sponsor d. cannot refuse the group's request under any circumstances because schools are considered public buildings
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a. may safely refuse this group only if it discontinues all other extracurricular activities
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The precedent set in the case of Honig v. Doe established that disabled students a. may not be expelled from public schools for disruptive behavior b. must remain in their current placement and undergo official hearings prior to suspension for violent actions c. are subject to exactly the same due process procedures as other students in the public-school setting d. have no protection of their rights in the federal courts and must pursue protections through the state courts
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b. must remain in their current placement and undergo official hearings prior to suspension for violent actions
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In Brown vs. Board of Education, the US Supreme Court ruled that a. de facto segregation was unconstitutional b. segregation violated the equal protection clause of the Fourteenth Amendment c. desegregation should begin immediately in all US school districts d. equal expenditures should be made for both black and white schools
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b. segregation violated the equal protection clause of the Fourteenth Amendment
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Miguel lives in a Hispanic neighborhood in a very large city. Which of the following schools is he most likely to attend? a. an integrated suburban school to which he is bused b. a predominately minority school c. a desegregated school in his neighborhood d. a magnet school in a neighboring city
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b. a predominately minority school
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Which of the following desegregation plans represents the most voluntary approach on the part of parent to move children to another school/ a. busing b. alteration of school district lines c. magnet schools d. school pairing
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c. magnet schools
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Funds for compensatory programs can be used for a. early childhood education only b. psychological and social services only c. bilingual education only d. all the above
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d. all the above
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Compensatory education is best described as a variety of attempts to
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a. provide financial and programmatic support to relieve a variety of educational inequities
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It has been difficult in some communities to implement ____ due to long bus rides to other schools and large central-city districts with 50 percent or higher enrollment. a. segregation b. magnet schools c. desegregation d. charter schools
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c. desegregation
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Pullout classes have been relatively ineffective because they a. tend to create confusion throughout the school b. encourage heavy parental criticism c. must coordinate course materials with the regular teacher d. focus on critical thinking skills to enhance academic gains
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a. tend to create confusion throughout the school
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Up until about 1960, subcultures in the US were expected to a. be assimilated into the national mainstream b. maintain their subculture characteristics c. preserve their native language d. remain relatively segregated from society
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a. be assimilated into the national mainstream
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Based on legislation passed in recent years in California, Arizona, and Massachusetts, what do voters in those states believe about the appropriate education for English language learners (ELLs)? a. ELLs should have only a year or less of bilingual education b. Transitional bilingual education should be implemented in programs for ELLs c. Maintenance of the first language for as long as possible should be encouraged fro ELLs d. Instruction in their primary language is beneficial for ELLs' academic achievement
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a. ELLs should have only a year or less of bilingual education
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Two Native American students have just joined the class. You want to foster mutual respect for cultural differences among your students, as well as enhance learning of your two new students. Which of the following might help you the most? a. the "sheltered immersion" approach b. the TBE approach c. homogenous groups d. multiethnic instruction
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d. multiethnic instruction
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The movement toward cultural pluralism in this country reflects the need to
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b. recognize the diversity present in American society, as well as the problems and advantages that are associated with that diversity
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Multicultural approaches in education, such as attention to learning styles, recognition of dialect differences, bilingual education, and multicultural curricula, are based on the attempt to
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d. respect the cultural background and identity that all students bring to classrooms, while at the same time preserving academic integrity and promoting student achievement.
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Including multiple cultural perspectives in education potentially enhances the academic performance of minority students by a. valuing the cultural background of students and, in the process, building their confidence, self-esteem, and pride in their own identity b. watering down curricula so that students are more likely to succeed c. giving all students at least one aspect of the curriculum in which they can do well d. showing students that mainstream culture is not really mainstream
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a. valuing the cultural background of students and, in the process, building their confidence, self-esteem, and pride in their own identity
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Studies indicate that the problems with children experience as a result of being classified or placed in a special class or program a. negatively affect academic achievement b. are largely related to peer acceptance c. linger even after services are no longer needed d. none of these; the results are inconclusive
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d. none of these; the results are inconclusive
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As a result of legal mandates that students must learn in the least restrictive environment possible, most students with special needs are targeted for placement in a. regular classrooms b. self-contained classrooms c. special schools or facilities d. their home
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a. regular classrooms
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Which of the following concepts is most closely related to inclusion? a. least restrictive environment b. pullout programs c. labeling d. disproportionate placement
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a. least restrictive environment
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Early research on mainstreaming and inclusion indicates that
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a. there is no evidence that academic performance is consistently improved by these practices
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During the 1940s, _____ spent $7.36 per student in black schools yet spent over $52 per student in white schools. a. Michigan b. Mississippi c. Florida d. Arkansas
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b. Mississippi
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Civil rights leaders, like Dr. Martin Luther King, were sparked by _____ to challenge racial discrimination. a. Brown v. Board of Education b. the Bilingual Education Act c. the 1954 Civil Rights Act d. Roe v. Wade
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a. Brown v. Board of Education
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In big cities, an underlying cause of many segregation problems has been ______. a. pronounced housing and neighborhood segregation b. transportation c. shortage of schools d. local government
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a. pronounced housing and neighborhood segregation
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In 2007, the Supreme Court ruled that school districts
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c. may not use race as part of the desegregation plan
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School board members are usually selected by a. appointment by the city or town council b. appointment by the governor c. appointment by the mayor or county executive d. election by community members
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d. election by community members
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Which of the following countries has a nationwide educational system? a. Great Britain b. France c. Japan d. all of the above
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d. all of the above
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Which of the following statements best describes the role of the local school board?
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b. Although they have the legal right to make decisions about the operation of public schools, school boards generally leave the day to day operation of schools to professional educators.
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An elected community school board functioning in conjunction with a central school board is an example of a. community control b. community education c. community participation d. all of the above
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a. community control
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Given the way large school districts and large schools have been organized in the past, the trend toward larger school districts and larger schools conflicts, at least in principle, with which of the following other trends in education? a. the increasing level of authority in school boards operating over the last decade b. dramatic improvements in the funding of public education c. the flight of public school students out of public schools and into private schools d. the increasing urge on the part of educators to downsize schools and to make districts organizationally leaner
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d. the increasing urge on the part of educators to downsize schools and to make districts organizationally leaner
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_____ programs often blur the line between private and public schools. a. faith-based b. charter c. school choice d. state funded
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c. school choice
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State lotteries, a recently tapped funding source for schools, a. are found in all 50 states b. are a progressive tax because the wealthy utilize them more than the poor c. contribute a minimal amount of a state's revenue for education d. bridge the gap whenever other sources of state revenue fall short of full funding
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c. contribute a minimal amount of a state's revenue for education
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School financing arrangements are the most vulnerable to being declared unconstitutional in a. State 1, where taxpayers claim they cannot afford any further increases in property taxes b. State 2, where there is no state income tax c. State 3, where annual revenues in all districts fall below projected needs d. State 4, where there are substantial differences in districts' average spending per student
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d. State 4, where there are substantial differences in districts' average spending per student
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Given the history of federal funding of education, it is most accurate to say that a. the federal government has never had a noticeable impacts on public schools through allocation of financial support b. the federal government has always supported public education financially, but this has only recently been noticed because of budget cuts. c. federal funding of public education has generally been tied to special projects, special legislation, or issues of national concern such as desegregation and, more recently, academic achievement d. states have consistently been able to refuse federal financial support of public education rather than face the intrusion of the federal government in a state responsibility
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c. federal funding of public education has generally been tied to special projects, special legislation, or issues of national concern such as desegregation, and more recently, academic achievement
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The purpose of educational vouchers is to a. encourage educational reform in private schools b. facilitate the collection of taxes used to support schools c. initiate tax reform in the states d. provide a choice of schools for students
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d. provide a choice of schools for students
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Research data on student performance in large and small classes indicates that student performance is a. about the same in both large and small classes b. better in large classes c. better in small classes d. none of these; that it, it is impossible to say because results are contradictory
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c. better in small classes
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Most cases involving elementary or secondary education are filed in which courts? a. federal b. state c. appellate d. supreme
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b. state
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When considering freedom of expression, teachers who supervise student publication should a. consult a professional editor for advice and recommendations about what to print b. get authorization from the school board for making decisions about what to print c. identify specific criteria for what can be approved for printing d. select a student committee to review and approve articles for printing
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c. identify specific criteria for what can be approved for printing
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Before school officials can search a student, there must be a. probable cause b. a search warrant c. parental permission d. reasonable cause
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d. reasonable cause
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A vice principal has good reason to believe that a certain pocket of a student's book bag contains a handgun. He searches the pocket and finds bullets, but no gun. From a legal standpoint, he probably
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d. has reasonable suspicion to search the bag more extensively
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With the US Supreme Court's recent emphasis on the reasonableness of school policies, more responsibility falls on a. the Department of Education b. school officials c. the state department of education d. the state legislature
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b. school officials
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An individual who is prepared to function first as a young person and then as an adult is a. acculturated b. adjusted c. assimilated d. socialized
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d. socialized
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Hurried child syndrome may result when parents of young children overemphasize a. formal instruction b. instructional games c. physical development d. socialization
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a. formal instruction
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A nuclear family can be described as one that a. includes two parents living with their children b. is held together by strong family values c. lives in the center of the city d. lives near the children's school
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a. includes two parents living with their children
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Some say that highly industrialized societies are creating a new trend- the "postnuclear family." Which of the following is the best example of this trend? a. a family that is establishing a renewed family closeness b. a single-parent family with a working mother and three children c. a family that focuses its attention on the needs of the children d. a family primarily focused on the goals and self-fulfillment of its adult members
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d. a family primarily focused on the goals and self-fulfillment of its adult members
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According to Coleman's study in 1961, students with high prestige in high school include a. only those who are athletes b. only those who own nice cars c. physically attractive students only d. all of the above
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c. physically attractive students only d. all of the above
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Based on the research of John Goodlad, when students were asked, "What is the one best thing about this school?" students most often replied, a. school spirit b. the teachers c. my friends d. certain classes
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c. my friends
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The peer group behavior of boys and girls at the elementary and junior high levels stresses a. competitive behavior for girls b. increasingly cooperative roles for boys c. traditional role expectations for boys and girls d. all of the above
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c. traditional role expectations for boys and girls
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Socioeconomic status is used primarily to classify people by their a. education b. housing value c. occupation d. social class
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d. social class
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Research indicates that the achievement of rural students is hampered by a. a lack of community support b. isolation and poor instructional materials c. poverty and inequality d. the need for quality teachers
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c. poverty and inequality
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Students most likely to attend college are those with a. moderate achievement from middle-income families b. moderate achievement from upper-income families c. high achievement from middle-income families d. high achievement from upper-income familes
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d. high achievement from upper-income familes
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People who have common ancestry and generally are similar in language, religion, and other cultural patterns belong to the same a. ethnic group b. lineage c. race d. socioeconomic group
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a. ethnic group
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Which statement accurately describes trends in African American community? a. overall status and income have increased, yet many are sinking deeper into poverty b. the rate of enrollment in college remains low c. both A and B d. neither A nor B
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c. both A and B
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To understand the causes of low school achievement, it is important to consider the home environment of children from lower- or working-class families, becuase
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b. although it may be difficult to remedy learning deficits, schools must strive to develop programs that can counter the effects of environmental disadvantages
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Environmentalists maintain their differences in IQ test scores by African Americans and Euro-Americans are due to a. genetic differences b. inadequate test questions c. systematic discrimination d. biological factors
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c. systematic discrimination
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James Colman's study of US public schools reported that the most important variable affecting student achievement was a. expenditure per student b. class size c. the socioeconomic background of the child's family d. the teacher's level of graduate study
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c. the socioeconomic background of the child's family
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Studies by Christopher Jencks revealed that there is little evidence that school reform efforts a. have improved the quality of curriculum b. have significantly altered the curriculum c. have substantially reduced the achievement gap between students of different socioeconomic status d. have been widely accepted in communities
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c. have substantially reduced the achievement gap between students of different socioeconomic status
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Your friend Joel argues that schools, as traditionally organized, are set up not to help people get ahead in life but to keep them "in their place." What label best fits Joel's beliefs? a. traditionalist b. hereditarian c. Social Darwinist d. revisionist
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d. revisionist
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The shift from categorical grants to block grants in the 1980s resulted in: a. more funding for education from the federal level b. funding decisions shifting from the federal level to the state level c. more rules and regulations from the federal department of education d. greater emphasis on funding specific federal programs
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b. funding decisions shifting from the federal level to the state level
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When questions arise about whether a teacher's right to free expression is protected, a major concern is whether the behavior in question a. negatively affects the school's operation b. is allowed by school board policy c. is permitted in the teacher's contract d. limits academic freedom
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a. negatively affects the school's operation
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In a recent survey, local school boards responded that their number one concern was ___________. a. community support for schools b. budget/funding c. curriculum d. assessment
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b. budget/funding
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Some of the largest school districts in the nation enroll _______ students in more than _______ schools a. 900; 2 b. 9,900; 12 c. 99,000; 60 d. 990,000 ; 1200
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d. 990,000 ; 1200
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Title III of the Elementary and Secondary Education Act was passed into federal law to a. improve the academic achievement of dogs b. improve sex education c. improve english language proficiency d. none of the above
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c. improve english language proficiency
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One of the driving forces behind the federal government increasing funding for education was the _________. a. launch of the Sputnik satellite in 1957 b. segregation legislation c. launch of the space shuttle d. civil rights act of 1964
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a. launch of the Sputnik satellite in 1957
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Property tax accounts for more than _________ of school funding nationwide. a. 27% b. 57% c. 77% d. 17%
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c. 77%
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The property interests of tenured teachers for continued employment are based on the a. fourteenth amendment b. establishment clause c. first amendment d. free exercise clause
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a. fourteenth amendment
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You know a tenured teacher who was recently fired for insubordination. she is suing her district for damages, claiming that she was not insubordinate and that the district's action has done irreparable damage to her good name, reputation, and integrity. this case is most likely to focus on a. the teacher's liberty interests under the fourteenth amendment b. the teacher's rights under the free exercise clause of the first amendment c. the teacher's academic freedom d. the tenth amendment's reserved powers clause
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a. the teacher's liberty interests under the fourteenth amendment
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Justice jones asserted in Kitzmiller v. Dover Area School District (205) a. intelligent design is a form of creationism and is not science b. there is no scientifically valid alternative to evolutionary theory c. implying that evolutionary theory is just a hunch is wrong and misleading d. all of the above
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d. all of the above
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Among the nonpublic schools, the share of nonreligious, independent schools in recent years has a. decreased b. increased c. remained about the same
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b. increased
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Your state is trying to implement a hotly contested new finance plan that would transfer funds from wealthy districts to poor ones. those who support the plan probably base their arguments on which of the following issues? a. equity b. decentralization c. accountability d. charter schools
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a. equity
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Recent reform efforts in school funding, such as tuition tax credits, voucher plans, and choice plans, are evidence that a. there is growing concern that tax revenues will never be high enough to fund public schools adequately b. no tax plan is fair, and the public should have the freedom to dictate where tax revenues are spent c. private schools are inherently better than public schools d. there is growing attention to, and public support for, competition among schools so that parents can identify and support the best schools and exert more over where their children go to school
answer
d. there is growing attention to, and public support for, competition among schools so that parents can identify and support the best schools and exert more over where their children go to school
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Students who object to saying the pledge of allegiance at school a. are required to take additional history classes b. cannot be compelled to do so c. may be suspended d. may lose due process rights
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b. cannot be compelled to do so
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The school infrastructure consists of the a. community support for schools b. personnel in the state department of education c. physical facilities of the school d. tax base that supports the school
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c. physical facilities of the school
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The establishment clause of the US constitution a. forbids individuals to pray in school b. forbids a moment of silence c. forbids prayers of thanksgiving d. none of the above
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d. none of the above
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The Pontotoc school board conducted a morning prayer over the school loudspeaker system. they held it was a constitutional practice a. because they had always done it b. because it was protected by the first amendment's free speech clause c. because it was supported by a majority of the community d. all of the above
answer
d. all of the above
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As the proportion of people over sixty-five increases, it is likely that there will be a. decreasing emphasis on the physical education curriculum b. decreasing conflict about school goals c. increasing resistance to school budget increases d. increasing conflict over curricular content
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c. increasing resistance to school budget increases
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IDEA was passed into federal law to improve the educational opportunity of a. women b. people of color c. the handicapped d. language minority students
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c. the handicapped
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Implementing the laws of the state legislature is the responsibility of the a. intermediate unit b. state board of education c. state court system d. state department of education
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d. state department of education
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An elementary school requires students' parents to sign a consent form prior to any field trip or activity off the school grounds. legally, such consent forms can be used to a. inform parents of their children's whereabouts during an activity b. reduce the supervision needed for the activity c. release teachers from liability in case of an accident d. release the school district, but not the supervising teachers, from liability
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a. inform parents of their children's whereabouts during an activity
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The "luxury of ignorance" as used in Howard's book a. none of the below b. assumes we all need more education c. warns educators not to assume that stereotypes about social groups are accurate d. tells educators that i am ok and you are ok
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c. warns educators not to assume that stereotypes about social groups are accurate
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Court rulings indicate that before a student is suspended, the student should be a. allowed to consult a lawyer b. given notice of the suspension and provided a hearing c. informed of the arrangements to be made about continuing schoolwork d. provided with counseling
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b. given notice of the suspension and provided a hearing
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The law regarding confidentiality of student records also applies to ________ a. parent information b. grades c. test scores d. all of the above
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d. all of the above
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Title I of the elementary and secondary education act was passed into federal law to a. improve the academic achievement of all students b. improve the academic performance of the dead c. improve the aid to the handicapped d. improve that academic performance of the disadvantaged
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d. improve that academic performance of the disadvantaged
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The typical school board member tends to be a. be female b. have no children in school c. be wealthier than the general population d. be liberal
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c. wealthier than the general population
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Jan was just hired as school district superintendent, and her duties are many and varied. which of the following duties is likely to be the most relevant to her ability to keep her job? a. ensuring compliance with state and federal directives b. informing and advising the school board on policy matters c. evaluating curriculum d. supervising professional and nonteaching school personnel
answer
b. informing and advising the school board on policy matters
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A parochial school teacher was fired without receiving any written information regarding the charges. this action is probably legal because a. school officials have ninety days after the dismissal to provide a teacher with documentation concerning that termination b. a parochial-school teacher does not necessarily have the same civil rights as a public-school teacher c. prior notice is not part of due process procedures d. teachers are not entitled to see their employment records
answer
b. a parochial-school teacher does not necessarily have the same civil rights as a public-school teacher
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The chief state school officer is the chief executive of the a. intermediate unit b. office of educational research and improvement c. state school board d. state superintendents' agency
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c. state school board
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If adjacent school districts have dramatically different levels of funding for education on a per-pupil basis, this can probably best be explained by differences in a. each district's level of commitment to the quality of public education b. the value of property, and the taxes assessed on real estate, within the districts c. personal income within the districts d. the sales tax rate within the districts
answer
b. the value of property, and the taxes assessed on real estate, within the districts
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Some of the largest growing populations of students are _____, who often require additional funding per student in order to provide services. a. english language learners b. students in poverty c. students with disabilities d. all of the above
answer
d. all of the above
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Court rulings indicate that when they are establishing dress codes for students, schools should a. appoint a parent-teacher advisory group b. avoid any restrictions on student dress c. determine the educational purposes for any such restrictions d. select a student advisory committee to determine the dress code
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c. determine the educational purposes for any such restrictions
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Differences in local revenues from one school district to another, and subsequent uneven contributions to funding for public schools, can best be explained by differences in a. property values and the rate at which real estate is taxed b. the average income of the citizens of the district c. the average age of the citizens of the district d. how efficiently sales taxes are collected within the district
answer
a. property values and the rate at which real estate is taxed
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On the basis of court rulings, a science teacher cannot teach creation-science and evolution-science together, because this approach would a. advance a religious doctrine b. confuse the learner c. create community unrest d. be inconsistent with the rest of the curriculum
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a. advance a religious doctrine
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When parents send their children to private schools, tuition tax credits would a. allow parents to claim a tax deduction for part of the tuition b. enable public schools to claim a tax credit for the loss of enrollment c. maintain even funding for private and public schools d. require the private schools to report the total tuition generated
answer
a. allow parents to claim a tax deduction for part of the tuition
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The functioning of the state department of education is most directly affected by the actions of the a. congressional representatives b. local boards of education c. state board of education d. superintendents
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c. state board of education
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The day-to-day operation of a school district is determined by the a. principal b. school board c. superintendent d. teacher organization
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c. superintendent
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Changes in the ways and means of operating schools in a state must be made through the a. school boards b. school codes c. governor of the state d. teacher associations
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b. school codes
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The level of government that relies on the property tax as the main source of the income is a. the local level b. the state level c. the federal level d. all of the above
answer
a. the local level
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The National Defense Education Act was a result of a. the Korean war b. Sputnik c. declining economic production d. all of the above
answer
b. Sputnik
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A school board member is placed through ________ in over 95% of the cases nationwide. a. election by the teachers b. appointment by the teachers c. appointment by the public d. election by the public
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d. election by the public
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Deconstruction of dominance is a. a concern of all married couples b. the national education association's policy on site based management c. a part of obama's race to the top d. a necessary part of creating equality of educational opportunity
answer
d. a necessary part of creating equality of educational opportunity
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Citizens are guaranteed the right of free speech and expression in the US Constitution's a. equal protection clause b. establishment clause c. fourteenth amendment d. free exercise clause
answer
d. free exercise clause
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What educational tool was introduced to the united states during WWI? a. the calculator b. the remedical reader c. the IQ test d. the scholastic aptitude test
answer
c. the IQ test
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The founding fathers wrote the establishment clause into the first amendment a. all of the below b. they believed that the government had no role to play in the practice of religion c. the government should not sponsor a state church d. that the government or any of its agents should interfere with anyone's faith or the practice of their religious faith
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a. all of the below
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Many state courts have ruled that inequities in educational expenditures in districts throughout the state are a. to be remedied by the state department of education b. created by the sales tax c. unconstitutional d. all of the above
answer
c. unconstitutional
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Differences in the total expenditures per pupil vary among districts in each state primarily because of differences in revenue generated from a. income taxes b. property taxes c. sales taxes d. user fees
answer
b. property taxes
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A state's view on teacher strikes is that ________. a. most prohibit it b. many allow it c. it is against the law d. strikes are not a common practice
answer
a. most prohibit it
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Districts with a high number of students with special needs would lobby for state educational funding based on the ________.
answer
weighted student plan
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What may contribute to the increase in suicide rates among children in the US?
answer
influence of mass media
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Which social institution has been identified as having become less influential as a socializing force over the past several decades?
answer
church
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The largest increase in alcohol use is with _______.
answer
children under 15
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A major contributing factor to the number of latchkey children is the increase in the number of _______.
answer
working mothers
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The increase in the number of working mothers, the number of single-parent families, and divorce over the last fifty years has probably been instrumental in changing the way children in the US are socialized because:
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The impact of institutions other than the family in the socialization of children has become more profound.
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Drug and alcohol use by teenagers in the US _________ other industrialized nations.
answer
far surpasses
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Often, homeless children who attend school _______.
answer
have low academic achievement
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Teachers can help improve or increase student' aspirations by encouraging them to participate in _________.
answer
extracurricular activities
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When dealing with bullies, a school might best:
answer
apply behavioral contracts
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Studies indicate that active, independent learners are sometimes
answer
Rejected by teachers
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Women currently constitute _____ percent of college enrollment.
answer
60
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The percentage of births to teen mothers outside of wedlock has increased from 15 percent in 1960 to ______ percent in the past decade.
answer
90
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Children's aggressive behavior after watching violence on television has been shown to:
answer
Be dependent on situational factors
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Problems with violence and delinquency are particularly acute among _______.
answer
African American males
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School services have extended into which of the following areas?
answer
Physical and mental health, employment assistance, AND heath and medicine assistance
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Social service personnel employed by districts need to be prepared to help primarily with student problems in ______.
answer
social adjustment
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Technical workers, technicians, and sales personnel would probably be in the _____.
answer
middle class
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After examining academic achievement by ethnic groups, what conclusion can one draw?
answer
The higher the SES, the higher the academic scores
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In terms of the socioeconomic levels children will achieve as adults, children raised in poverty tend to
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Freeze in the same levels as their parents
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_________ helps explain why some students with low socioeconomic status refuse to conform to school expectation or to comply with their teacher's demands.
answer
Resistance theory
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The variables used to identify social class include
answer
Education, housing price, occupation and income
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What statement is likely to be true of Bobby, a kindergarten student, whose father has been gone since he was a baby and whose mother is poor and uneducated?
answer
He began school at a disadvantage, and without intervention his performance will probably always lag behind that of his more advantaged peers.
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To understand the causes of low school achievement, it is important to consider the home environment of children from lower or working-class families because
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Although it may be difficult to remedy learning deficits, schools must strive to develop programs that can counter the effects of environmental disadvantages.
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The new working class is best identified as _______.
answer
Lower class
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Research that supports environment more strongly than hereditary as a factor in student achievement most consistently emphasizes that
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In situations where the environment for achievement was positively altered, achievement for groups in such situations improved over time.
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The __________ are often the third or fourth generation to live in poverty and depend on public assistance.
answer
Underclass
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Efforts to improve the academic performance of working-class students in the primary grades should focus on ____________.
answer
Individualized instruction
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By the time working-class students with low achievement reach high school
answer
Teachers have formed low expectations of them
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According to Coleman, the most logical way to improve the education of disadvantaged students is to
answer
Integrate schools and classrooms on a social-class basis
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In terms of educational achievement, students in the low income minority groups rank _______ students in the high income social class.
answer
lower than
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Your mother argues that schools are the best route to success. She says "if you want to get ahead in life, then get as much education as you can." Your mother's views are most similar to those of __________.
answer
traditionalists
question
Which is the fastest growing minority population in the US?
answer
Hispanic/Latino
