Florida Paramedic State Test – Flashcards
152 test answers
Unlock all answers in this set
Unlock answers 152question
Respiratory Acidosis
answer
hypercarbia, respiratory distress. Treatment: Increase ventilation with a BVM. treat underlying causes. tube Patient if needed.
Unlock the answer
question
Respiratory Alkalosis
answer
Hyperventilation, some head injuries, response to DKA, Hyperglycemia, ventilating patient too fast. Blown off too much CO2
Unlock the answer
question
Inadequate perfusion
answer
Epinephrine release, restlessness, lowered LOC, Cold and clammy, dilated pupils, blood pressure will be hypotensive, HR is up, RR is up
Unlock the answer
question
Hypovolemia
answer
-Cause: Blood or Fluid loss -Sign:Tachycardia, Tachypnea, diaphoresis, restless, thirst, narrow pulse pressure, dilated pupils. -Treatment: stop bleeding, adequate ventilation and oxygenation, maintain temp, 1 liter or 20 mL/kg
Unlock the answer
question
Neurogenic shock
answer
-Cause: Spinal injury (vasodilation without catecholamine release) -Signs: Paralysis, hypo-tension, normal or bradycardia heart rate, possible diaphragm breathing -Management: stabilize, C-Spine, use Dopamine for vasoconstriction
Unlock the answer
question
Cardiogenic Shock
answer
-Cause: Decrease in force of cardiac constriction (inotropic) -Signs:Tachycardia, Tachypnea, Diaphoresis, narrow pulse pressure, possibly pulmonary edema -Treatment: stabilize, fluid generally restricted due to pulmonary edema, Dopamine to increase cardiac contraction (Force and Rate)
Unlock the answer
question
Anaphylactic Shock
answer
-Cause: Reaction -Signs: Tachycardia, Tachypnea, red flushed skin, hives, cool, clammy wheezing, hypo-tension -treatment: stabilize, administer vasso, Epinephrine SQ or IM for shock.
Unlock the answer
question
Obstructive shock
answer
tension Pneumo, cardiac tapanade, trauma
Unlock the answer
question
pounds to Kilograms
answer
1 pound equals 2.2 kilograms
Unlock the answer
question
Upper Airway
answer
ends at vocal cords
Unlock the answer
question
JVD
answer
Tension Pneumothorax, Cardiac Tamponade, Right Sided Heart failure, traumatic asphyxia.
Unlock the answer
question
Hypoxemia
answer
low oxygen in blood; hypercarbia - Increased CO in blood
Unlock the answer
question
Medulla
answer
Respiratory center of brain
Unlock the answer
question
Failed attempt of intubation
answer
Use LMA or Dual lumen
Unlock the answer
question
Cricothyrotomy
answer
Ineffective breathing with clenched teeth, laryngospasms, facial trauma, and inability to ventilate by other means
Unlock the answer
question
Oxygen devices
answer
-cannula less than 40% -simple mask 40 to 60% -NRM greater than 90% -BVM with oxygen 90 - 100%
Unlock the answer
question
CO2 levels
answer
-normal is 35 - 45 -if its high ventilate faster -cardiac arrest patients will be low because of inadequate profusion Acidosis is patients not breathing enough will be higher than 45mmHg Alkalosis is patient breathing too much will be below 35mmhg
Unlock the answer
question
wheezing
answer
narrowing of small airways due to edema continuous, coarse, whistling sound expiration
Unlock the answer
question
Rales or crackles
answer
fluid in small airways clicking, rattling, or crackling noises that may be made by one or both lungs of a human with a respiratory disease during inhalation
Unlock the answer
question
Rhonchi
answer
Mucus in the large airways
Unlock the answer
question
Kussmaul respiration's
answer
is a deep and labored breathing pattern often associated with severe metabolic acidosis, particularly diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA) or renal failure. It is hyperventilation, which reduces carbon dioxide in the blood due to increased rate or depth of respiration.
Unlock the answer
question
Cheyne-Stokes respiration's
answer
progressively deeper and sometimes faster breathing, followed by a gradual decrease that results in a temporary stop in breathing. Increased Cranial Pressure
Unlock the answer
question
Biots respiration's
answer
quick, shallow inspirations followed by regular or irregular periods of apnea. Increase Cranial Pressure.
Unlock the answer
question
Pupils
answer
Dilated - Cerebral hypoxia, cocaine, epinephrine, amphetamines Small - Narcotics or Organophosphate unequal - brain injury
Unlock the answer
question
Cullen's signs
answer
ecchymosis around umbilicus, bleeding in abdominal cavity
Unlock the answer
question
Murphy's sign
answer
Right upper quadrant pain due to gallbladder
Unlock the answer
question
Kehr's sign
answer
shoulder pain due to blood under diaphragm
Unlock the answer
question
Grey Turner's sign
answer
ecchymosis in flank, bleeding from kidney
Unlock the answer
question
Decorticate
answer
Flexed arms and extended legs
Unlock the answer
question
Decerebrate (worse)
answer
extended legs and outstretched arms
Unlock the answer
question
Vitals
answer
Adult 60 to 100 Heart Rate 12 to 20 Respiration child 65 to 110 Heart Rate 18 to 30 Respiration newborn 140 to 160 Heart Rate 40 to 60 Respiration
Unlock the answer
question
Shock
answer
1st - 15%, BP is maintained by vaso-constriction, tachy 2nd - 15 to 25%, Cardiac output not maintained, tachycardia, increased respiration 3rd - 25 to 35%, classic signs, tachycardia, increased respiration, decreased BP altered mental status, cool and pale skin 4th - Hypotension, lethargic, irreversible.
Unlock the answer
question
Burns
answer
-first degree - Partial thickness, red, pain, no blisters -second degree - Partial thickness, pain, redness, blisters. -third degree - Full thickness, dry, white, yellow, black, painless
Unlock the answer
question
Carbon Monoxide
answer
Headache, Confusion, Cherry red lips, cyanotic with false Oxygen reading.
Unlock the answer
question
meninges order
answer
Dura mater , arachnoid , Pia Mater
Unlock the answer
question
Brain
answer
Cerebrum - Grey Matter, personality, judgement, sight cerebellum - Balance, coordination, and muscle tone Stem - Mid-brain, Pons, medulla, Blood pressure, Heart Rate, breathing, consciousness
Unlock the answer
question
Hypothalamus
answer
Temperature regulation, Hormones
Unlock the answer
question
Peripheral Nervous System
answer
Afferent - sensory nerves (ascending) Body to brain Efferent - Motor (descending) Brain to Body
Unlock the answer
question
Cerebral Injuries
answer
Sub-Dural Hematoma - below dura mater, but above pia mater (slower bleed) venous Epidural Hematoma or hemorrhage - Above dura -between dura and skull- arterial, middle meningeal artery, unconscious, then conscious, then unconscious (lucid interval)
Unlock the answer
question
Cushing's Response
answer
High Blood pressure, Low Heart Rate, Irregular Respiration, Cheyne-Stokes
Unlock the answer
question
Increased Cranial Pressure
answer
consider ventilating 20 to 24 times per minute, Mannitol (osmotic diuretic) ET tube may increase pressure
Unlock the answer
question
Alpha vs. Beta
answer
Alpha constricts Beta dilates
Unlock the answer
question
12 Lead ECG
answer
2, 3, AvF - Inferior Wall 1, AvL, V5, V6 - Lateral Wall V1, V2 - Septal V3, V4 - Anterior
Unlock the answer
question
the 6 P's or trauma
answer
Pulselessness, parethesia , paralysis, pallor, pain, and Pressure
Unlock the answer
question
Cardiac Tamponade
answer
Hypotension occurs because of decreased stroke volume, jugular-venous distension due to impaired venous return to the heart, and muffled heart sounds due to fluid inside the pericardium. These combination of symptoms are known as Beck's Triad
Unlock the answer
question
Pulse-less Paradox
answer
Narrowing pulse pressure
Unlock the answer
question
Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD)
answer
Rely on hypoxic drive Bronchodilators
Unlock the answer
question
Emphysema
answer
Pink puffer, pursed lips, barrel chest, active expiration
Unlock the answer
question
Chronic Bronchitis
answer
Blue bloater, coughing, mucus, overweight, cyanotic, Rhonchi
Unlock the answer
question
Asthma
answer
Wheezing, silent chest Albuterol, Beta 2 antagonist , Epi
Unlock the answer
question
Rule of 9's
answer
Adult: Head and Neck 9%, Chest and Abdomen 18%, Butt and Back 18%, each Arm 9%, each Leg 18%, and Genitalia 1%. Pediatric: Head and Neck 18%, Front Trunk 18%, Back Trunk 18%,Chest, each Arm 9%, each Leg 14%.
Unlock the answer
question
Glasgow Coma Scale
answer
Eyes - 4 opens, 3 to voice, 2 to pain, 1 doesn't open verbal - 5 Oriented, 4 confused, 3 inappropriate, 2 incomplete, 1 none Motor - 6 obeys, 5 localizes pain, 4 withdraws, 3 flexion, 2 extension, 1 none
Unlock the answer
question
H's and T's
answer
Hypovolemia, Hypoxia, Hydrogen ion (acidosis), Hyper or hypokalemia, Hypoglycemia, Hypothermia Toxins, Tamponade (cardiac),Tension pneumothorax, Thrombosis (coronary and pulmonary), and Trauma.
Unlock the answer
question
First-degree heart block
answer
PR interval is lengthened beyond 0.20 seconds
Unlock the answer
question
Second Degree Type One (Mobitz I or Wenckebach)
answer
progressive prolongation of the PR interval until the QRS drops off essentially restarting the rhythm
Unlock the answer
question
Second Degree Type Two (Mobitz II)
answer
Non-conducted P waves, P Waves not followed by a QRS complex
Unlock the answer
question
Third-degree (complete heart block)
answer
SA node in the atrium does not propagate to the ventricles No apparent relationship with P waves and QRS complex.
Unlock the answer
question
Epinephrine
answer
Asthma, Allergies, asystole, PEA, V-Fib, V-Tach Asthma and Allergic Reaction 1:1,000 SQ/IM .3 - .5 mg (or mL) Anaphylaxis (Hypo-tension) 1:10,000 IV .3 - .5 mg (or mL) Asystole 1:10,000 IV 1 mg 0.01 mg/kg pediatric dose Alpha and Beta stimulator; Bronchodilator Positive inotropic and chronotropic
Unlock the answer
question
Atropine
answer
Symptomatic bradycardia, organophosphate poisoning .5 mg IV push every 3 - 5 minutes, max 3 mg 2 - 5 mg for organophosphate .02 mg/kg Pediatric Dose Parasympathetic Blocker, PVC's, or hypo-tension with bradycardia
Unlock the answer
question
Amiodarone
answer
Antidysrhythmic 300 mg IV for V-Fib, 150 mg over 10 minutes for stable tachycardia contraindications - bradycardia, hypo-tension Blocks sodium and calcium channels
Unlock the answer
question
Adenosine
answer
SVT, Atrial Tachycardia, PSVT, slows conduction throught the SA and AV node 6 mg then 12 mg
Unlock the answer
question
Lidocaine
answer
PVC's, V-Tach, V-Fib, wide complex tachycardia 1 - 1.5 mg/kg IV bolus 1 mg/kg pediatric dose reduce by 50% when over 70 or liver disease
Unlock the answer
question
Cardizem
answer
A-Fib or A-Flutter Calcium Channel Blocker do not give if patient is on beta blockers
Unlock the answer
question
Calcium Chloride
answer
Calcium Channel overdose, hypocalcaemia, hyperkalemia, Mag sulfate overdose
Unlock the answer
question
Magnesium Sulfate
answer
Torsades de Pointes 1 - 2 grams for cardiac arrest 2 - 4 IV for Eclampsia
Unlock the answer
question
Sodium Bicarbonate
answer
Severe acidosis with respiratory problems 1 mEq/kg repeat in 10 minutes at .5 mEq/kg
Unlock the answer
question
Nitroglycerin
answer
Chest pain and Pulmonary Edema .4 mg sub-lingual vasodilator, decreases workload of heart, contraindication Hypotensio
Unlock the answer
question
Morphine Sulfate
answer
-Chest Pain during STEMI -not reduces by 3 doses of Nitro- -2 - 5 mg IV may be repeated -decreases pre-load and after-load, decreases venous return, CNS depression. -dont use with head injury, hypo-tension, and undiagnosed abdominal pain.
Unlock the answer
question
Lasix - Furosemide
answer
-Pulmonary Edema, CHF, Hypertension -20 to 40 mg IV slowly, up to 100 mg -Vasodilation within 5 minutes, Diuretic within 15 minutes
Unlock the answer
question
Digitalis
answer
-CHF or A-Fib -positive inotropic, negative chronotropic -electro-therapy can exacerbate
Unlock the answer
question
Aspirin
answer
-Anti-coagulant -160 - 325 mg -signs of overdose: Ringing in ears, tachycardia, metabolic acidosis, respiratory alkalosis
Unlock the answer
question
Dopamine
answer
-Cardiogenic and Neurogenic shock -IV drip usually 800 mg in a 500 mL in D5W - 1 to 2 units per kg dopamine effect, vasodilation - 2 to 10 units per kg beta effect increase rate & force - 10 to 20 units per kg alpha effect
Unlock the answer
question
Albuterol
answer
- asthma, COPD, Bronchospasm - 2.5 mg in 2 - 3mL saline - 1.5 pediatric dose - Beta 2 stimulator
Unlock the answer
question
Dextrose 50 %
answer
- hypoglycemia & Alcoholism with coma - 50 mL which is 25 grams slow IV - with Alcoholism also give Thiamine 100 mg IM or IV - check BGL - Dont give with brain bleeds
Unlock the answer
question
Benadryl / Diphenhydramine
answer
- allergic reaction & anaphylaxis - 25 to 50 mg IV or IM - antihistamine
Unlock the answer
question
Narcan / Naloxone
answer
- Narcotic overdose and coma of unknown origin - 0.4 to 2 mg IV or IM - used for Morphine, Methadone, Codeine
Unlock the answer
question
Umbilical Cord
answer
2 arteries / 1 vein
Unlock the answer
question
Stages of Labor
answer
- first stage - start of labor till the complete dilation - second stage - dilation until the delivery - third stage - delivery until delivery of placenta
Unlock the answer
question
Prolapsed Cord
answer
- Mother in knee to chest - prevent pressure on cord, don't push back on chord
Unlock the answer
question
Post par-tum hemorrhage
answer
- over 500 mL in 24 hours - massage fundus - tell mother to breast feed
Unlock the answer
question
First Trimester Complication
answer
- abortion - lower abdominal pain, cramps, bleeding - Ectopic - one sided lower abdominal pain, spotting, shock, possible syncope
Unlock the answer
question
Third Trimester Complication
answer
- Abruptio Placenta - tearing away of placenta, bright red blood associated with trauma with pain - Placenta Previa - completely or partially covering cervix, no pain - Toxemia
Unlock the answer
question
Sub-Arachnoid Bleed
answer
Sudden onset of severe, explosive headache, unconscious
Unlock the answer
question
Space Occupying lesion
answer
Tumor, blood Increased Cranial Pressure
Unlock the answer
question
AEIOU-TIPS
answer
Alcohol, Endocrine, Electrolytes, Encephalopathy,Insulin, Opiate, Uremia, Trauma, Intracranial, Poisoning, Seizure
Unlock the answer
question
Pituitary
answer
In the brain oxytocin
Unlock the answer
question
Adrenal
answer
Superior portion of kidney epinephrine and nor-epinephrine Disorders Addison's disease, adrenal gland failure Cushing's disease, over production of adrenal hormone
Unlock the answer
question
Thyroid Disorders
answer
Graves Disease- Hyperthyroidism, weight loss, heat intolerance, agitation, tachycardia
Unlock the answer
question
Upper GI hemorrhage
answer
Black tarry stools, vomiting blood or coffee ground colored. may be an ulcer
Unlock the answer
question
Lower GI Bleed
answer
bright red bloody stool
Unlock the answer
question
Appendicitis
answer
Right Lower Quadrant pain, no appetite, low fever unless ruptured, constipation
Unlock the answer
question
Kidney Stone
answer
severe flank pain, hemauria, sweating, pale
Unlock the answer
question
Renal Failure
answer
Fluid overload or Hypovolemia Before dialysis = hyperkalemia, Tall peaked T waves Post dialysis = hypo-everything, electrolyte imbalance complications of dialysis is air embolism, disequilibrium
Unlock the answer
question
Tricyclic Antidepressant
answer
Mellaril, Tofranil, Elavil, amytriptyline treat with sodium bicarb
Unlock the answer
question
Aspirin Overdose
answer
Hyperventilation, tachycardia, fever, sweating, ringing of the ears metabolic acidosis and respiratory alkalosis
Unlock the answer
question
Heat Emergencies
answer
Heat cramps = cramps, sodium and water loss Heat exhaustion = Tachycardia, dizzy, headache, weak, pale, hypo-tension Heat Stroke = temperature 105 to 106, unable to regulate heat, hot and dry, lowered level of consciousness
Unlock the answer
question
Hypothermia
answer
90 to 86 degrees = mild hypothermia = 1 round of meds 86 degrees or lower = No meds, only defib if V-Tach warmed IV fluid
Unlock the answer
question
Meningitis
answer
fever, stiff neck, headache, backache, bulging fontanels with infants.
Unlock the answer
question
Hepatitis
answer
Fever, right upper quadrant pain, no appetite, jaundice, dark urine, clay colored stool Hepatitis A is viral Hepatitis B is blood-borne
Unlock the answer
question
tuberculosis
answer
night sweats, cough, weight loss, hemoptysis or bloody sputum. Common in HIV patients
Unlock the answer
question
Infants
answer
Toe to Head
Unlock the answer
question
Triage Colors
answer
Red = Emergency Yellow = Delayed Green = Minimal Treatment Black = Dead or Mortal Injury
Unlock the answer
question
HAZ-MAT
answer
Red = Fire Hazard Blue = Health Hazard Yellow = Reactivity White = Special Instructions 0 to 4 scale with 4 being the highest risk
Unlock the answer
question
Ambulance Types
answer
Type 1 = Truck with Modular based with pass through Type 2 = Van Type 3 = Van chassis with modular back with pass through
Unlock the answer
question
FDA
answer
Controlled Substance Act of 1970 Schedule drugs are addictive Schedule 1 has no medical use Schedule 2 has medical use
Unlock the answer
question
Right Upper Quadrant
answer
Liver Gallbladder Stomach
Unlock the answer
question
Right Lower Quadrant
answer
Appendix Ovary and Tube Bladder / if distended
Unlock the answer
question
Left Upper Quadrant
answer
Spleen Liver Stomach Pancreas
Unlock the answer
question
Left Lower Quadrant
answer
Ovary and Tube
Unlock the answer
question
Micro-drip
answer
60 drops per Milliliter
Unlock the answer
question
Macro-drip
answer
10 drops per milliliter
Unlock the answer
question
Traumatic Asphyxia
answer
Caused by crushing injury to abdomen and lower chest signs are bulging eyes and tongue along with cyanoisis and JVD
Unlock the answer
question
Syphilis
answer
Chancre and tabes dorsalis
Unlock the answer
question
Gonorrhea
answer
women may be asymptomatic, men may have burning while urination
Unlock the answer
question
Spread by droplets
answer
Measles, mumps, rubella, and chicken pox
Unlock the answer
question
Psychiatric patients
answer
rule out metabolic causes such as drugs, alcohol, seizures, and hypoglycemia open ended questions keep eye contact
Unlock the answer
question
psychotic vs neurotic
answer
psychotic not in touch with reality
Unlock the answer
question
Length of Pregnancy
answer
40 weeks or 280 days
Unlock the answer
question
Stages of Development in Pregnancy
answer
Pre-embryonic 1 to 14 days Embryonic 15 days to 8 weeks Fetal 8 weeks to delivery
Unlock the answer
question
Hypertensive syndrome aka Preeclampsia
answer
Preeclampsia is before seizure, eclampsia is after seizure S & S Hypertension, Protein in urine, swelling, epigastric pain, and hyper reflexes Mag sulfate, is seizing continues give Valium
Unlock the answer
question
Febrile Seizures
answer
Under age of 6 cool but dont allow shivering meningitis
Unlock the answer
question
Pediatric Drug Doses
answer
Atropine .02 milligrams per kilogram Lidocaine 1 milligrams per kilogram Valium .2 milligrams per kilogram Charcoal 1 gram per kilogram Albuterol .15 milligrams per kilogram
Unlock the answer
question
Signs of Pediatric shock
answer
Compensated: mottled, pale, weak pulse, tachycardia, BP may be normal slow cap refill De-compensated: Hypotension, low urine output, low BP, lowered LOC
Unlock the answer
question
When the body's blood glucose level falls
answer
the pancreas secretes glucagon, which stimulates the liver to convert glycogen to glucose.
Unlock the answer
question
Highest tidal volume
answer
pocket mask
Unlock the answer
question
Curved Blade aka Macintosh
answer
goes in the vallecula
Unlock the answer
question
Position to check for JVD
answer
Semi-Folwlers
Unlock the answer
question
QRS
answer
Ventricular Polarization
Unlock the answer
question
Blood leaves the lung and goes to
answer
Left Atrium
Unlock the answer
question
Burns
answer
Plasma shifts to interstitial space
Unlock the answer
question
Elderly Patient
answer
output more than input aka electrolyte imbalance
Unlock the answer
question
Nasogastric tube
answer
gets in way of of seal or intubation
Unlock the answer
question
Left-sided failure
answer
Common signs are tachypnea and increased work of breathing. Rales or crackles, heard initially in the lung bases, and when severe, throughout the lung fields suggest pulmonary edema. Cyanosis which suggests hypoxemia is a sign of extremely severe pulmonary edema.
Unlock the answer
question
Right-sided failure
answer
Ascites, JVD, Swelling of feet and ankles, and Shortness of breath
Unlock the answer
question
Avulsions
answer
most blood loss
Unlock the answer
question
Inotrope
answer
is Contraction
Unlock the answer
question
Chronotrope
answer
is Rate
Unlock the answer
question
Dromotropic
answer
is Rhythm
Unlock the answer
question
C1 and C2
answer
No breathing
Unlock the answer
question
C4, C5, and C6
answer
intercostal muscles, difficulty breathing, uses diaphragm and accessory muscles. quadriplegic
Unlock the answer
question
T4
answer
nipple line, still breathing
Unlock the answer
question
T10
answer
umbilicus
Unlock the answer
question
pH 7.35 to 7.45
answer
amount of hydrogen ions in the blood Above 7.45 is Alkalosis, Below 7.35 is acidosis
Unlock the answer
question
PaCO2 35 to 45
answer
Respiratory components Partial Pressure of Carbon Dioxide
Unlock the answer
question
PaO2 or Blood Oxygen
answer
80 to 100 below 80% is hypoxia
Unlock the answer
question
Bicarb or HCO3, 22 - 26
answer
Metabolic Component low bicarb is metabolic acidosis
Unlock the answer
question
Arterial Blood Gases
answer
respiratory acidosis = increase ventilation respiratory alkalosis = decrease ventilation metabolic acidosis = Bicarb, check O2 and ventilation metabolic alkalosis = discontinue Bicarb
Unlock the answer
question
Beta
answer
Increase cardiac output, heart rate in the SA node via a chronotropic effect, atrial cardiac muscle contractility with inotropic effect, contractility and automaticity of ventricular cardiac muscle bronchodilation
Unlock the answer
