Flashcards for Chapter 8 in Chemistry
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| What is a covalent bond? |
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| the sharing of electrons between atoms |
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| What is an endothermic reaction? |
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| occurs when a greater energy is required to break the existing bonds in the reactants than is released when the new bonds form in the products |
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| What is an exothermic reaction? |
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| occurs when more energy is released during the product bond formation than is required to break bonds in the reactants |
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| What is an oxyacid? |
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| an acid that contains both a hydrogen atom and a polyatomic ion that contains oxygen |
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| What is resonance? |
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| a condition when more than one valid electron dot structure can be written for a particular molecule |
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| What is a structural formula? |
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| a molecular model that uses symbols and bonds to show relative positions of atoms; can be predicted for many molecules by drawing the Lewis structure |
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| What is hybridization? |
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| a process in which atomic orbitals are mixed to form new identical hybrid orbitals |
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| What is the VSEPR model? |
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| Valence Shell Electron Pair Repulsion model, which is based on an arrangement that minimizes the repulsion of shared and unshared pairs of eletrons around the central atom |
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| Wht is a polar covalent bond? |
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| a type of bond that forms when eletrons are not shared equally |
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| What is a diatomic molecule? |
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| a molecule formed of 2 identical atoms bonded together |
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| List the 7 atoms that form diatomic molecules. |
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| Hydrogen, Oxygen, Nitrogen, Flourine, Chlorine, Bromine, Iodine |
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| What is a molecule? |
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| formed when 2 or more atoms bond covalently |
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| What is a double bond? |
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| a covalent bond in which four electrons are shared by the bonding atoms |
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| What is a triple bond? |
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| a bond in which 2 atoms share 3 pairs of electrons |
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| What is bond energy? |
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| the energy needed to break a bond |
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| What is bond length? |
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| the distance between 2 nuclei when 2 atoms form a molecule to their lowest potential |
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| What is bond dissociation energy? |
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| amount of energy required to break a specific covalent pond |
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| What is an acid? |
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| a substance that produces hydrogen ions when dissolved in water |
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| What are polyatomic ions? |
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| ions composed ofseveral atoms joined with one over all charge |
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| What is a bond angle? |
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| the angle between bonds connecting the atoms in a molecule |
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| What does VSEPR stand for? |
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| valence shell electron pair repulsion |
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| What is the difference between a polar molecule and a nonpolar molecule? |
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| a nonpolar molecule is symetrical and doesn't have a negative or positive end, while a polar molecule has a positive and a negative end |
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| What is the differnce between a polar covalent bond and a nonpolar covalent bond? |
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| the polar covalent bond has 2 poles with opposite charges caused by the pair of shared electrons being pulled closer to one atom. A nonpolar bond has an equal pull on the pair of shared electrons |
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| What is the relationship of bond strength and the number of bonds? |
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| as the number of bonds increases, the strength of the bond increases |
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| What is the relationship of bond length and the number of bonds? |
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| The greater the number of bonds, the shorter the bond length |
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| What is the greek prefix for 1? |
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| MONO |
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| What is the greek prefix for 2? |
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| Di |
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| What is the greek prefix for 3? |
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| tri |
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| What is the greek prefix for 4? |
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| tetra |
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| What is the greek prefix for 5? |
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| penta |
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| What is the greek prefix for 6? |
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| hexa |
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| What is the greek prefix for 7? |
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| hepta |
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| What is the greek prefix for 8? |
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| octa |
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| What is the greek prefix for 9? |
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| nona |
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| What is the greek prefix for 10? |
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| deca |
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| How do you write a polyatomic ion in a Lewis Dot structure? |
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| draw the bond, then put it in brackets, and then put the charge outside of the brackets |
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| What kind of bond has a big difference in electronegativity? |
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| an ionic bond |
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| If there is an intermediate electronegativity, What type of bond is formed? |
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| a polar covalent bond |
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| If there is no difference in electronegativity, what type of bond is formed? |
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| a nonpolar covalent |
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| What are the steps in naming a molecular compound based on its formula? |
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| Look at the formula, does the compound for an acidic aqueous solution? If yes it is an acid if no, name it like a normal compound. If yes is there oxygen present in the coupound. If no, you add hydro+the root of second element+ -ic, then acid. If the acid has oxygen, and the polyatomic ion encs with -ate, replace it with -ic. If it ends with -ite, replace it with -ous |
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| What molecular shape has 2 total pairs and shares 2 pairs? |
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| linear |
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| What molecular shape has 3 total pairs and shares 3 pairs? |
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| trigonal planar |
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| What molecular shape has 4 total pairs and shares 4 total pairs? |
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| tetraheral |
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| What molecular shape has a total of 4 pairs, shares 3 pairs, and has one lone pair? |
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| trigonal pyramidal |
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| What molecular shape has a total of 4 pairs, shares 2 pairs, and has 2 lone pairs? |
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| bent |
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| What molecular shape has a total of 5 pairs and shares 5 pairs? |
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| trigonal bipyramidal |
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| What molecular shape has a total of 6 pairs and shares 6 pairs? |
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| octahedral |
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| What does a linear molecule look like? |
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| [image] |
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| What does a trigonal planar molecule look like? |
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| [image] |
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| What does a tetrahedral molecule look like? |
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| [image] |
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| What does a trigonal pyramidal molecule look like? |
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| [image] |
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| What does a bent molecule look like? |
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[image] ; Yellow are lone pairs |
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| What does a trigonal bipyramidal molecule look like? |
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| [image] |
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| What does an octrahedral molecule look like? |
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| [image] |
