question

What did the Supreme Court rule in Bowers v. Hardwick

answer

There was no constitutional right to privacy for consensual homosexual activity.

question

Which of the following are names of Latino civil rights organizations

answer

G.I. Forum, LULAC, MALDEF

question

In the University of Michigan affirmative action cases, the Supreme Court

answer

upheld mechanical point systems for university admissions but rejected highly individualized affirmative action policies. rejected mechanical point systems for university admissions but upheld highly individualized affirmative action policies that were designed to promote diversity. asserted for the first time that affirmative action policies would be subject to strict scrutiny. declared that affirmative action policies would no longer be subject to strict scrutiny.

question

Which of the following best describes the federal courts' trend toward school desegregation in the 1990s

answer

The courts decreased the federal supervision of local school desegregation.

question

Which statement about the Reconstruction era is false

answer

African American voters supported the Democratic Party

question

What happened to California's Proposition 187?

answer

A federal court declared most of it a violation of the U.S. Constitution.

question

One step taken toward the desegregation of public schools was

answer

busing children from poor urban school districts to wealthier suburban ones.

question

Which area of discrimination was touched by the legal principles of Brown v. Board of Education?

answer

public schools

question

"Strict scrutiny" is the level of judicial review the federal courts give to all cases that involve

answer

Racial Classification

question

Which city was the setting for a major racial confrontation concerning school busing?

answer

Boston Miami New Orleans Dallas

question

The Supreme Court's decision in Ledbetter v. Goodyear Tire and Rubber Co. was significant because

answer

it ultimately led Congress to pass a new law giving workers expanded rights to sue in cases where they learn of discriminatory treatment well after it has started. It ruled that state-sponsored schools must be open to both men and women. it struck down Title VII of the 1964 Civil Rights Act as unconstitutional. it signaled that the Court would no longer hear cases on sexual harassment.

question

Before the 1920s, what was the political status of Native Americans?

answer

they had no political status

question

What forbade workplace discrimination based on race?

answer

Civil Rights Act of 1964

question

The NAACP had the most success with which political strategies for combating racism?

answer

lawsuits

question

The attempt to ratify the Equal Rights Amendment was an important struggle for

answer

women

question

It was during the tenure of Chief Justice ______ that the Supreme Court established gender discrimination as a highly visible area of civil rights law.

answer

Burger

question

The first slaves were brought to what would become the United States in

answer

1619.

question

What goal did members of the abolitionist movement pursue?

answer

the end of slavery

question

The Seneca Falls Convention was significant because it

answer

marked the starting point of the modern women's movement.

question

Why did President Dwight Eisenhower deploy federal troops to Little Rock, Arkansas, in 1957?

answer

The governor of Arkansas requested that the state's National Guard help resist

question

Under what conditions can a plaintiff successfully bring a sexual harassment charge?

answer

the plaintiff need prove neither economic nor psychological harm

question

Who said, "Your denial of my citizen's right to vote is the denial of my right of consent as one of the governed, the denial of my right of representation as one of the taxed, the denial of my right to a trial of my peers as an offender against the law"?

answer

Susan B. Anthony

question

The Reconstruction era in the South came to an end because

answer

African Americans had been granted full social, political, and economic equality in the South. In 1876, state legislatures from around the South passed laws forcing the federal government to remove all troops immediately. the Supreme Court ruled that federal troops could not be stationed in Southern states under the Constitution. Northern Republicans agreed to remove federal troops from the South and give up on their support for civil liberties if Southern Democrats allowed Rutherford B. Hayes to become president.

question

The Civil Rights Act of 1964 was

answer

the first civil rights bill Congress had passed since Reconstruction. the last civil rights bill passed by Congress. the fourth civil rights bill passed by Congress since Brown v. Board of Education. the second civil rights bill passed by Congress since World War II. the first civil rights bill Congress ever passed.

question

What does the term Jim Crow refer to?

answer

the system of racial segregation in the South after Reconstruction

question

Which of the following statements best describes the impact of the Voting Rights Act on voter registration in southern states?

answer

The gap between the percentage of whites registering to vote and the percentage of blacks registering to vote DECLINED significantly after passage of the Voting Rights Act.

question

When did civil rights become part of the U.S. Constitution?

answer

Civil rights were incorporated with the ratification of the Fourteenth Amendment.

question

What was the Supreme Court's record in segregation cases in the years before Brown v. Board of Education?

answer

The Court overturned forms of segregation using the separate but equal rule on factual grounds.

question

Which of the following statements about the abolitionist movement is false?

answer

The movement focused most of its energies on eliminating slavery in New York, Ohio, and Pennsylvania.

question

During the late 1940s and 1950s, ______ was the head lawyer for the NAACP Legal Defense Fund.

answer

Thurgood Marshall

question

What was the Supreme Court's response to the Civil Rights Act of 1876?

answer

It declared the act unconstitutional because it protected against acts of private discrimination, not state discrimination. The Supreme Court never heard a case concerning the constitutionality of this act. It declared the act unconstitutional because Congress had violated the separation of powers. It declared the act constitutional. It declared the act unconstitutional because Congress had violated the principles of federalism.

question

In the Civil Rights Act of 1964, Congress vastly expanded the role of the executive branch and the credibility of court orders by

answer

requiring that federal grants-in-aid to state and local governments for education be withheld from any school system practicing racial segregation.

question

United States v. Wong Kim Ark is an important case because it declared that

answer

Asian American children could not go to school with white students. anyone born in the United States was entitled to be a citizen. English was not the official language of the United States. the Exclusion Act was unconstitutional.

question

A 1948 report on the problem of racial discrimination, To Secure These Rights, was issued by

answer

the White House

question

In 1870, Congress passed a law forbidding which of the following immigrant groups from becoming U.S. citizens?

answer

Chinese

question

During World War II, ______ forced the federal government to address discriminatory hiring practices by threatening massive labor marches on Washington, D.C.

answer

A. Philip Randolph

question

In their response to Brown v. Board of Education, southern states did all of the following except

answer

quickly desegregate their schools

question

What was the Supreme Court's ruling in Shelley v. Kraemer?

answer

Racially restrictive covenants on housing could not be enforced by courts.

question

In a case of workplace discrimination, which government institution would most likely handle the complaint?

answer

the Equal Employment Opportunity Commission

question

Why did the Equal Rights Amendment fail to pass?

answer

It was not ratified by the necessary thirty-eight states.

question

What was the purpose of California's Proposition 187?

answer

It barred unauthorized immigrants from receiving most public services.

question

Which amendments to the U.S. Constitution seemed to offer African Americans the most hope for achieving full citizenship rights in the United States?

answer

the Thirteenth, Fourteenth, and Fifteenth amendments

question

Ten years after Brown v. Board of Education, ______ percent of black children in the Deep South attended school with white children.

answer

1

question

Suffragists called the Statue of Liberty "the greatest hypocrisy of the nineteenth century" because

answer

it was supposed to represent "liberty," yet women could not vote in the United States.

question

How many civil rights acts were passed during the first decade after the 1954 Supreme Court decision in Brown v. Board of Education?

answer

1 3 10 0

question

What was the ultimate destination of the Underground Railroad?

answer

Canada

question

Which of the following best summarizes the Supreme Court's ruling in Brown v. Board of Education?

answer

Racially segregated schools can never be equal and therefore violate the equal protection clause of the Fourteenth Amendment.

question

What does the term redlining refer to?

answer

the practice of banks refusing to make loans to people living in certain neighborhoods

question

Which of the following did the President's Commission on Civil Rights not discuss in its report, To Secure These Rights?

answer

the consequences of affirmative action in university admissions on African Americans the result of experiments with racial integration in the armed forces during World War II the extent of the problem of racial discrimination a proposal to tie civil rights legislation to the commerce power of Congress a proposal to use the treaty power as a source of authority for civil rights legislation

question

Which group was excluded from immigrating to the United States from the late nineteenth century until the 1940s?

answer

Northern migration of African Americans increased their voting strength.

question

What best explains the increased attention the federal government paid to the problem of racial discrimination during the 1940s?

answer

Northern migration of African Americans increased their voting strength.

question

The Civil Rights Act of 1875 attempted to

answer

protect African Americans from discrimination in public accommodations like hotels and theaters.

question

Which of the following statements best describes the number of peaceful civil rights demonstrations during the 1950s and 1960s?

answer

There were almost no demonstrations during the 1950s and 1960s. There were almost no demonstrations prior to 1968. The number of demonstrations grew in the early 1960s and peaked in 1965. There were many demonstrations in the mid-1950s and many demonstrations in the late 1960s but none in between.

question

Legally enforced segregation in public schools is a form of ______ discrimination.

answer

de jure

question

Which of the following statements about gender equality is false?

answer

Women currently make up a larger percentage of college students than men. The percentage of female representatives in state legislatures has declined over the last twenty years. Women currently make up a smaller percentage of representatives in Congress than men. The percentage of female representatives in Congress has increased over the last thirty years.

question

How did the Supreme Court justify its decision to strike down the southern practice of "white primaries?"

answer

It claimed that parties were "an agency of the State," and therefore any practice of discrimination against blacks was a violation of the Fifteenth Amendment. It claimed that the practice violated the reserved powers clause of the Tenth Amendment. It claimed that separate but equal elections were inherently unequal and, therefore, a violation of the Fourteenth Amendment. It claimed that the practice infringed upon Congress's power to regulate interstate commerce. It claimed that only the federal government had the authority to conduct primaries under the Constitution.

question

Which statement best describes the path to women's suffrage in the United States?

answer

Some states granted women the right to vote first, and then a constitutional amendment gave all women the right to vote.

question

What is the key question behind civil rights protection?

answer

What is the proper meaning of equality?

question

Which of the following was not used as a way to limit the electoral influence of African Americans?

answer

restrictive covenants

question

In ______, the Supreme Court permitted busing children as a way of bringing about desegregation of schools.

answer

1971

question

California Proposition 209 was designed to

answer

redraw congressional districts to ensure more minority representation in Congress. prevent unauthorized immigrants from benefiting from state affirmative action programs. achieve representativeness in California universities by instituting a quota system for admissions. outlaw all affirmative action programs in state and local government. include sexual orientation in the state's affirmative action programs.

question

The Supreme Court case Franklin v. Gwinnett County Public Schools (1992) is important because it

answer

asserted that monetary damages could not be awarded for acts of gender discrimination in education.

question

The rights of disabled individuals to both access public businesses and not be discriminated against in employment are guaranteed by

answer

the Americans with Disabilities Act of 1990.

question

What was the Seneca Falls Convention?

answer

a meeting in upstate New York during the mid-nineteenth century regarding women's rights

question

______ was one of the founders of the NAACP.

answer

W. E. B. Du Bois

question

The Fair Housing Act of 1968

answer

had little effect on housing segregation because it was ruled unconstitutional by the Supreme Court in 1969. had little effect on housing segregation because its enforcement mechanisms were very weak. dramatically increased housing segregation. had little effect on housing segregation because most housing segregation had been eliminated by the Civil Rights Act of 1964.

question

To draw voting districts so that one group or party is unfairly advantaged is called

answer

gerrymandeling

question

In Lawrence v. Texas, the Supreme Court

answer

struck down a state law criminalizing homosexual conduct.

question

Why did the National Association for the Advancement of Colored People (NAACP) rely primarily on the courts to press for black political rights in its early years?

answer

The northern black vote was too small to bring about policy change at the legislative level, so the organization chose a strategy of litigation.

question

Women were guaranteed the right to vote with the passage of the Nineteenth Amendment, which was ratified in

answer

1920

question

Title IX of the 1972 Education Act has had its greatest effect on

answer

university athletic programs.

question

The constitutional authority of Congress to forbid discrimination in employment is based on the

answer

power of Congress to regulate interstate commerce.

question

The right to vote was strengthened in 1975 when Congress

answer

made literacy tests illegal and mandated bilingual ballots or other assistance for non-English-speaking Americans.

question

In dealing with the issue of gays in the military, President Bill Clinton established a

answer

"don't ask, don't tell" policy

question

Title VII of the 1964 Civil Rights Act

answer

had no effect on the women's movement of the 1960s and 1970s. was a valuable tool for the women's movement in the 1960s and 1970s because it added the Equal Rights Amendment to the Constitution. was a valuable tool for the women's movement in the 1960s and 1970s because it prohibited gender discrimination. significantly hurt the women's movement in the 1960s and 1970s because it required government to treat men and women differently in many areas of public policy. significantly hurt the women's movement in the 1960s and 1970s because it only outlawed discrimination on the basis of race.??

question

What did the Thirteenth Amendment accomplish?

answer

it abolished slavery

question

During the late nineteenth century, the equal protection clause was

answer

severely limited in scope by the Supreme Court.??? more strongly defended by individual states than by the federal government. ruled to be unconstitutional. used as a strong tool for engineering racial equality. not implemented because of a lack of tax revenue.

question

The Fifteenth Amendment to the Constitution guarantees

answer

the right to vote for African American men.

question

The Supreme Court's ruling in Plessy v. Ferguson declared that

answer

upheld the Civil Rights Act of 1875. established the separate but equal rule. ruled that the equal protection clause did not cover private acts of discrimination. ruled that the equal protection clause applied only to the federal government and not to state governments.

question

Desegregating schools in northern states proved to be difficult because

answer

segregation in the North was generally de facto, the product of both segregated housing and acts of private discrimination that were hard to prove.

question

In ______, Martin Luther King, JR., delivered his famous "I Have a Dream" speech.

answer

1963

question

In Regents of the University of California v. Bakke, the Supreme Court ruled that

answer

quotas and separate admissions standards for minorities were unconstitutional but affirm...

question

After World War II, which government institution first began drawing attention to the problem of racism in America?

answer

the White House

question

The 1947 federal court case Mendez v. Westminster was significant because

answer

its decision to overturn school segregation of Mexican American students in California served as a precursor to Brown v. Board of Education

question

Which area was not covered by the Civil Rights Act of 1964?

answer

public accommodations school desegregation employment military service

question

The American experience with civil rights suggests which of the following things about political change in the United States?

answer

Political change can only be achieved when citizens bypass the courts and the legislatures entirely. The legislatures are far more powerful than the courts and, therefore, can advance political change on their own. The courts are far more powerful than the legislature and, therefore, can advance political change on their own. Legislatures need constitutional authority to act from the courts, and the courts need legislative assistance to implement court orders and focus political support.

question

What is the name for school segregation that results from racially divided neighborhoods rather than state laws?

answer

habeas corpus ex post facto de facto de jure

question

Who inaugurated government affirmative action programs?

answer

Ronald Reagan Franklin Roosevelt Lyndon Johnson Richard Nixon

question

The Supreme Court's decisions on school desegregation policies since 1991 generally suggest that

answer

the Court will refuse to hear any cases in the future about desegregation plans. the Court will uphold all desegregation plans involving white suburban schools that lag behind predominantly minority schools. the Court will be willing to end desegregation plans even when predominantly minority schools continue to lag significantly behind white suburban schools. the Court will always uphold all desegregation plans, regardless of the schools involve.

question

What was the Supreme Court's response to the Civil Rights Act of 1875?

answer

It declared the act unconstitutional because Congress had violated the principles of federalism. It declared the act constitutional. It declared the act unconstitutional because it protected against acts of private discrimination, not state discrimination. The Supreme Court never heard a case concerning the constitutionality of this act.

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