question

humanism

answer

- people have an inclination to become self-actualized & grow - inner drive to focus on human condition

question

humanistic therapies

answer

- existential theories - person/client-cenered views

question

humanistic theories

answer

a philosophy or world view that centers on human interests & human value

question

critics of humanism

answer

overemphasizes self > placing being human too high on a pedestal (in contrast to) the actual place humans should have in life

question

2 more theories considered *phenomenological*

answer

existential & client-centered theories are phenomenological in the sense that they - - *try & get people to focus on the here & now > get patients into the present*

question

existentialism is thought useful for persons in -

answer

- developmental crises - other major transitions

question

what theory is *more a philosophical approach than a particular school of counseling therapy, or theory*?

answer

existentialism

question

how do people deal with things today, the present in their lives? (not whats happened before)

answer

existentialism says the answer = - IS getting in touch with your *freedom to choose* >>> not necessarily following the herd

question

angst

answer

something like distress or anxiety < caused by the search for meaning * a part of being human

question

existential therapies stress what 2 concepts

answer

1.) *helping clients experience their own existence in a meaningful way* >>> they are assumed to be searching for meaning in their lives 2.) all people must ultimately deal with these questions/*sources of angst* - ex: stress, dread or anxiety part of the human experience

question

6 basic assumptions of existential therapies

answer

humans - - have a capacity for *self-awareness* - experience tension between *freedom & responsibility* - create an *identity & establish meaningful relationships* - search for *meaning* - accept *anxiety* as a condition of living >>> we need to accept anxiety > if not, you won't have an effective life - are aware of *death*

question

the 6 assumptions of existential therapies are said to be -

answer

- exclusive to humans - very diverse - no single or fixed view of human nature - very few prescribed techniques instead > - heavily relationship based

question

how are existential therapies diverse?

answer

their views of human nature vary from pessimistic (life is meaningless, empty) >>> to neutral, to positive, to hopeful & optimistic

question

explain existentialism's fixed view of human nature

answer

people are seen as constantly changing > *becoming whomever & whatever they might choose*

question

how are existential therapies relationship based?

answer

focused on empathetic understanding of the client's world - how they're seeking to find meaning

question

goals of existential psychotherapy

answer

- help clients to accept their freedom & responsibility to act - assist people in coming to terms with crises in their lives - encourage clients to recognize the ways in which they are NOT living authentic lives - invite clients to become more honest with themselves - broadens clients' awareness of their choices - facilitate the client's search for purpose & meaning of life - assist clients in developing a deep understanding of themselves & the ways they can effectively communicate with others

question

the greater our awareness, the greater our -

answer

possibilities for freedom

question

awareness is realizing -

answer

- we are finite - we choose to act or not - meaning isn't automatic (it must be sought) - we can be lonely, meaningless, empty, guilty, & isolated

question

explain identity & "courage to be" in existentialism

answer

we trust ourselves to search within & find out own sundered > being existentially "alone" = helps us discover our authentic self

question

relatedness of existentialism

answer

our relationships are based on a desire for fulfillment - relationships that spring from our sense of deprivation = clinging, parasitic, & symbiotic

question

explain why meaning must be pursued in existentialism

answer

finding meaning is a by-product of a commitment to creating, loving, & working * life is not meaningful in itself > the individual must create & discover meaning

question

therapist & client relationship

answer

therapy = a journey by therapist & client - person to person relationship = key - relationship demands that therapists be in contact with their own phenomenological world

question

core of the therapeutic relationship

answer

- respect & faith in the clients' potential to cope - sharing with genuine concern & empathy

question

limitations to existential therapies

answer

- individualistic focus may not fit within the world views of the clients - high focus on self-determination >>> may not fully account for real-life limitations of those who are oppressed OR have limited choices - some clients prefer a more directive approach - the approach may prove difficult for clients who have problems conceptualizing due to intellectual capabilities - the approach *does not focus on specific techniques* > *making treatment difficult to standardize* - limited empirical support

question

founder of person (client) centered therapy

answer

Carl Rogers

question

what was Roger's hypothesis in facilitating client change?

answer

maintained that the presence of CERTAIN CORE CONDITIONS were *necessary & sufficient* to facilitate client change

question

4 core conditions necessary for client change

answer

- unconditional positive regard - empathetic understanding - congruence - warmth

question

different names of person-ceneted therapy

answer

- non directive therapy (1940s) - client-centered therapy (1950s-80s) - person-centered therapy (today)

question

axioms

answer

statements or propositions that is regarded as being established, accepted, or self-evidently true

question

person-centered theory taken as axioms -

answer

- humans are trustworthy/positive - capable of making changes/living productively - innately gravitate toward self-actualization - given right growth-fostering conditions = > people *strive* to move forward

question

immediate public response to client-centered therapy

answer

in part, seen as a reaction against directive/psychoanalytic approaches

question

client-centered therapy challenged -

answer

- assumption "counselor knows best" - validity of advice, persuasion, diagnosis, interpretation - belief clients cannot understand & resolve their own problems WITHOUT direct help

question

client-centered therapy emphasizes -

answer

- therapy as a journey shared by 2 fallible people - self-actualization - quality of therapeutic relationship - counselor's creating of "growth-prompting" climate - people are capable of self-directed growth

question

what are 3 roots for client-centered therapy?

answer

- congruence - unconditional positive regard - accurate empathetic understanding

question

congruence (in therapy)

answer

therapist's behaviors match their words = genuineness

question

unconditional positive regard (in therapy

answer

empathetic identification with the client = warmly accepting clients as they are - acceptance/genuine caring about client as a person - therapist need not approve of client behavior

question

accurate empathetic understanding (in therapy)

answer

ability to deeply grasp the client's world > empathy = deep & subjective understanding of the client WITH the client - helper attitudes are more important than knowledge

question

role of therapist in client-centered therapy

answer

- focuses on *quality* of therapeutic relationship - provides supportive environment in which the *client* is the agent of change - serves as a *model*, is *genuine*, authentic = no false front - can *openly express* feelings & attitudes that are present in the relationship with the client - is invested in developing his or her own life experiences > to deepen self-knowledge & move toward self-actualization

question

limitations of the person-centered approach

answer

-cultural considerations - doesn't focus much on techniques = treatment difficult to standardize - beginning therapists > may find it difficult to provide both support & challenges to clients - limits of the therapist as a person may interfere with developing a genuine therapeutic relationship

question

cultural considerations & their limitations on the person-centered approach

answer

- some clients prefer a directive, structured treatment - individuals accustomed to indirect communication may not be comfortable with direct expression of empathy or creativity - individuals from some cultures may disagree with the emphasis on internal locus of control

question

steps/components of Rogers' attempt to facilitate significant, positive personality change & the outcome

answer

*significant positive personality change does not occur EXCEPT in a relationship* 1.) 2 persons are in psychological contace 2.) client is experiencing incongruence 3.) therapist IS congruent or integrated in the relationship 4.) therapist experiences unconditional positive regard for client 5.) therapist experiences empathy for client's internal frame of reference 6.) *communication is, to a minimal degree, achieved*

Existential & Client-Centered (Humanistic) Therapies – Flashcards

Unlock all answers in this set

Haven't found what you were looking for?

Search for samples, answers to your questions and flashcards