exercise round 2 – Flashcards

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ACE Active Community Environments
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a centers for disease control and prevention, focuses on: places where people of all ages and abilities can easily enjoy physical activity" (says that community environments matter)
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3 areas Public Health has focused on:
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safety, air and water quality, sanitation
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Public healths epidemic
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inactivity and poor diet, w/ are major contributors to chronic diseases
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ACE Active Community Environments slogan
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provide opportunities for everyone (recall inverted triangle)
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Oregonians weight problem #s
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Adults overweight: 38% Obese: 22% 8th graders: 28% overweight, 11th graders: 21% overweight
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2nd leading cause of death in the US
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diet and inactivity,
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Fun Theory:
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people will exercise or do something active if it's made fun.
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Environmental Facilitators/ Inhibitors
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Facilitators: promote, make you want physical activity, Inhibitors: demote, make you not want physical activity
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Surgeon Generals recommendation of physical activity
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Adults should get 150 min of PA a week (72% in oregonians dont meet this) Kids should get 300 min of PA a week (52% of oregonians dont meet this)
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Federal Guidlines
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75 minutes of vigorous activity a week, and 150 minutes of moderate activity a week.
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walking, biking and automobile trips in the US
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6.4% of trips are made on bike or foot 89% of trips are made by auto (avg of 73 minutes of driving a day)
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traveling compared to other countries
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we drive way more and walk and bike way less
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Shape America
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oldest professional organization in the field of society and physical educators
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Intermodal Surface Transportation Efficiency Act
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established how states and local governments could spend the federal transportation funds they received. (purpose was to create a comprehensive transportation system where all modes of transportation played a role, also assured that transportation agencies addressed public concern)
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How to get fat without really trying video summary:
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2/3 of US population is overweight 1/3 is obese. They say eat less exercise more, but thats not the real problem. the real problem is the Federal government food industry policy contributes to this. (subsidy pyramid) "Jennings report"
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subsidy pyramid, jenning report
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twice as much food is made in the US as the US really needs. the federal government puts more money in food that we are told to eat less of, and less money into food we are told to eat more of. "Jennings Report"
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Social Ecological Model
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behavior is affected by and affecting multiple levels of influence, Reciprocal Causation between individual and environment (high prevelance of inactivity, overweight and obesity among ppl with physical disabilities)
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Social Ecological Model: Intrapersonal/ Individual
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(knowledge, attitude, skills), setting goals, self monitoring (the need for colorectal cancer screening)
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Social Ecological Model: Interpersonal
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(family, friends, social networks) modeling healthy lifestyles (providers making screening recomendations to there patients)
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Social Ecological Model: Organizational/ Institutional
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(organizations, social Institutions) ways to distress (promoting the use of provider and client reminder systems)
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Social Ecological Model: Community
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(Relationship among organizations) availability of bike paths (conducting public awareness and educational campaigns)
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Social Ecological Model: Public Policy
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(National, state and local laws) modify PE for kids (proclamation by a mayor for colorectal cancer awareness month)
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Obseogenic Environment:
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the effect of environmental factors on increased body fat (use of labor saving devices, sedentary behavior, occupation physical activity, availabilty of high fat, high calorie foods, increased portion sizes, availability of parable low cost foods)
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Social Ecological review
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shows interconnectedness between individual and their environment and how the environment effects them, sustainable lifestyle changes are most likely to occur when health promotion efforst are directed at ALL LEVELS OF INFLUENCE
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Elevaoider Campaign- made by teacher
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got people to walk up a certain amount of flights of stairs
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StairWELL Campaign- CDC
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4 stage passive intervention that painted, carpeted, framed artwork made motivation signs and music to try and increase physical activity among building occupants. (cheap to do)
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One Step at a time
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90 year old man climbs thousands of steps daily, climbed higher than empire state building
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Bet n' Sweat machine
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a machine that requires you to peddle on the machine if you want to gamble
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A healthy environment is composed of 4 things:
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1 a network of sidewalks and trails to other forms of transit, 2 land use policies encouraging mixed use, 3 safe and aesthetic, 4 civic commitment
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Urban Sprawl
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how the human population has moved into cities, which has led to the obesity epidemic
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Publics Health Mission
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the science and art of preventing disease, prolonging life, and promoting health and efficiency through: sanitation of environment, educating people about hygiene, organizing health services, assure social standard of living.
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proximal/ distal message example
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proximal: dont swim or do something in this area, society is now always congruent, distal: children should get 300 minutes of physical activity a week
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Downstream/Upstream approach
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Downstream: helping one person Upstream: helping large groups of people
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Clinical Traditional Model
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research and programming efforts target those people who sought out formal exercise programs that took place in a place designated by the health professional. (downstream approach)
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Public Health Model
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Scientists and health professional seek out sedentary members of a population rather than waiting for such individuals to present themselves. (upstream approach)
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Kenneth E Powell definition of public health
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the combination of organizations and individuals whose actions are concerned with the level of function and wellness of a community as a whole.
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TV industry/ Video Game industry
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has started to give healthy signals to society encouraging people to be active
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Eric Kjellman/ exrgaming
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lost 140 lbs in 9 months playing DDR, exergaming- video games that make players more physically involved
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Surgeon Generals Call to Action to Improve Health and Wellness of Persons with Disabilities
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54 million Americans, more than 1/5 are living with at least one disability. You are either born with it or develop it. (illness, injury, genetics)
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Straw activity in class mimicked what?
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pulminary obstruction disease
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4 primary goals of Surgeon Generals Call to Action
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1) get people to understand ppl with dissabilities can lead long healthy productive lives 2) health care providers have knowledge and tools to diagnose and treat the whole person with disability with dignity 3) ppl with disabilites can promote their own good health by developing and maintaning healthy lifestyles, 4) accessible health care services promote independence for ppl with disabilities
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Paralympics
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elite sports (olympic games model)
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special olympics
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events that are held around the world not done for elite athletes (year round)
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disability (world health organization 1980)
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disease, impairment, disability, handicapped
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disability (International classification of function 2001)
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function of the body, individual society
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Disability (Biopsychosocial Approach) 3 concepts:
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1) impairments, problems in body function or structure 2) activity, performance of a task 3) participation, w/in context of the environment
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Disability Theory
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thought of as medical problem, but now seen as social problem
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Medical model/ Social Minority model is equated with
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Medical: disability is equated with being defective inferior, less than. Social: disability is equated with being different, not less than
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Medical model/ Social Minority model experience
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Medical: a wide spectrum of biological/ psychological anamolies exist, Social: there is only one shared experience: social stigma
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Medical model/ Social Minority model terminology
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Medical: terminology tends to be negative, Social: terminology tends to be positive or neutral w/ person first emphasized
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Medical model/ Social Minority model discussion
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Medical: discussion is defects, problems or characteristics, Social: discussion is individual assessment, data, personal strengths, weaknesses.
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Medical model/ Social Minority model goal
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Medical: goals is give advice/ prescription to patient, Social: goals is to empower individual to assume active role in self-actualization
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Medical model/ Social Minority model graphic
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Medical: passive, Social: Active
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Disability and Health (Krahn)
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disability is NOT an illness. the conept of health means the same for people with or without disabilities (achieving and sustaining and optimal level of wellness, physical and mental)- promotes fulness of life (you can be disabled and healthy-modern concept)
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Glorias Model
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people tend to focus on the things they cant do, which isn't a lot of there life, and less on the things they can do, which is a lot of there life (says you can be both disabled and healthy)
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Disabilities vs. no disabilities weight
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adults with disabilities: 83.7% overweight and obese, adults without disabilities: 64% overweight and obese
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Rehabilitation Act of 1973
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prohibits discrimination on the basis of disability in programs or activities that receive federal aid
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Individuals with Disabilities Education Act 1975
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Assist state and local education agencies to educate children 3-21yrs with disabilities
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Americans Disabilities Act 1990
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Comprehensive civil rights protection for individuals with disabilities
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2001 New Freedom Initiative
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Comprehensive plan to help remove barriers to community living for people with disabilities
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Rech Tech (conteptual model) 4 steps
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a rehabilitation engineering research center, technology for a healthier lifestyle. 1) encourage access, 2) increase participation, 3) promote adherence, 4) increase health and function
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Difference
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discrimination or distinction specifically perceived deviation from the assumed cultural economic or sexual norm
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privilege
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an invisible set of unearned rights, benefits, or assets that belong to a certain individuals, by virtue of their membership in a particular non-target group
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in group/ out group
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in group: non target group. out group: target group
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invisibility
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the absence of target groups from the media, policies, procedures, legislation. Which reinforces the notion, conscious or unconscious that non-target groups are the norm
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oppression
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relationship of dominance and subordination based on the systematic mistreatment of individuals because of their membership in various socially or economically disadvantaged groups
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Game of Life
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goal to run most laps as possible but you cannot change lanes, people are born into different social circumstances
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who made rules to game of life
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founding fathers, 19th amendment-gave women right to vote, good old boys network
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Festinger's Theory of Cognitive Dissonance
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we all experience the world differently depending on our perspective and or point of view
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Edward R. Marrow
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said everyone is a prisoner of there own experiences
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Semiotician
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a person who studies the meaning of signs in culture, a sign is any human produced artifact or gesture that conveys meaning
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How are women depicted
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frivolous, childlike, exhibitionistic, sexual or silly poses that would be considered undignified and inappropriate for men (women are portrayed in ways the remove or keep power from them) women are portrayed as things other than top athletes
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Medias purpose for sports
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-profit industry that uses exercise and sport for financial gain, culturally significant reflection of social conditions and reinforcement of societal attitudes ingrained into exercise sports
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Sports study on Anna Kournikova tennis player
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only 2 out of 11 photographers showed her playing tennis
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Tammie Overstreet women
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linebacker, only girl to have ever played on Pittsburg highschool football team
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Aimee Mullins women
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NCAA track and field athlete, set 100m and long jump paralympics record
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Julie Krone women
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Jockey, only women inducted into horse racing hall of fame
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Dana Chladeck women
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First women selected to play for the harlem globetrotters
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Lany Moss
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1st women to manage a mens professional basketball team
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Title IX of the Education Amendments of 1972, Civil Rights act of 1964
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no person in the US shall on basis of sex be excluded from participation in or denied the benefits of or be subjected to discrimination under any educational program or activity receiving federal assistance
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Tile IX paradoxical effect on women coaching women
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men obtain 326 of 361 head coaching jobs for womens teams, womens teams coaches are only 44% female
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wage gap in sports
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men coaches get paid 44% more than women coaches on womens teams (violation of Equal Pay Act and Title VII) gender wage gap gets worse as you get older
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Mike Kryzewski / pat summit
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highest paid person in college basketball/ highest paid female in collegiate sports
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Women earning compared to men
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women earn 75 cents for every 1 dollar men make
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School of Business/ senior research scientists
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only field were women earn on average more than male counterparts
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Dare to Compete
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struggle of women in sports, women have been discouraged from overexerting themselves, encouraged to live queen victorian lifestyle, women were encouraged to be passive, ultra feminine after WWII
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Vassar College
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helped foster the growth of womens sports, first college where women could play baseball
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First womens collegiate basketball game
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stanford vs. california, game played indoors and men couldn't watch
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College sports right now
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there are the highest # of women sports teams and women coaches than ever before, gender equity says to be killing mens sports, participation rates in highschool has gone up 100% since the 70s
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play days
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girls participated 3-4 school would join together and play sports, no school representing was done and there were no winners, people didn't want womens sports to be competitive
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Susanne Lenglen
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1st womens sport superstar, international tennis star, revolutionized tennis attire and accepted money for exibition matches
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Gertrude Ederly (americas best girl)
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1st women to swim english channel, swam against current, swam freestyle and beat previous times by male swimmers (Americas Best Girl)
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Skirt Theory
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used to determine what sports women could play
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1928 Olympic Games
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women had to stop running the 800 meter because some collapsed/ rested and people thought they weren't cut out for that long of a race
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Bloomer Girl Baseball League
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provided early opportunity for women to play professional baseball, also helped spread word of womens suffrage movement (gave women right to vote)
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Alice Coachman
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first African American women/ black women from any country to win olympic gold medal
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1964 civil rights act, National Organization for Women NOW
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outlawed racial and sexual discrimination, NOW enforced these laws in sports
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Roberta Gibb
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1st women to run the full Boston Marathon, it was unofficial because women were not allowed to run the boston marathon, hid in the bushes at starting line, Katherine Switzer first official boston marathon runner.
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Battle of the Sexes Tennis Math
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Billy Jean King, girl- beat Bobbie Riggs, boy, helped womens movement and proved women belonged in sports
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who controls the media in the newspapers
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out of 1600 daily newspapers in the US, 2 of the editors are males of color, 5 are females of none color, nineteen columnists are males of color
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hate crime
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any criminal act in which biased motive is a clear contributing factor, any act is a biased motive which is a clear contributing factor, 9% of all hate crimes occur on college campuses
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Poverty In America
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risk of death is 2 1/2 times greater for black infants,
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John Rocker
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made racist comments toward foreigners,
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Xenophobia
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a phobic attitude toward strangers or of the unknown. Xenos means foreigner/stranger, word is used to describe dislike to foreigners
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Traditional race logic used in sports
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achievements of white athletes due to: character, culture, organization. achievements of black athletes due to: biology, natural physical abilities
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Jesse Owens
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black man winner of 4 olympic gold medals, scientist measured his heel bone to see if it was longer than competitors (it wasn't)
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Jon Entinesbook
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TABOO: WHY BLACK ATHLETES DOMINATE SPORTS AND WHY WE ARE AFRAID TO TALK ABOUT IT. Talks about how based on your cultural and genetic factors: you will excel in different sports
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Sociological hypothesis explain achievements of black athletes 3) social and cultural conditions
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1 history of black ideology has emphasized black male physicality and innate race based physical abilities amongst blacks, 2 long history of segregation and discrimination has limited the ability for black men achieve success, 3 the existence of widespread opportunities and encouragement to develop physical skills and excel in a few sports
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Sociological hypothesis leads to 2 consequences of black athletes
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1 many black athletes believe that its their biological and cultural destiny to become great athletes, 2 black athletes are motivated to use every opportunity to develop the skills they need to fulfill there destiny
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result of sociological hypothesis of black athletes
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the sense of biological and cultural destiny, combined with motivation and opportunities leads to black athletes to be outstanding athletes in a few sports
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Darwins Athletes: how sport has damaged black american and preserved myth of race
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sports fixation is self fulfilling, the more blacks view sports as the only avenue to success, the better they will do, and more people will chalk it up to genetic destiny
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authors spiritual solution
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fitness ministries-churches sponsored gyms and sold books about regular exercise, churches have higher retention rates than secular recreation programs. holy- means free from injury holy spirit- means to be free from injury in all vital aspects of the body
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exercise John Ratey miracle grow
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exercise is miracle grow for the brain because it cause the development of new neurons and develops your hippocampus (50% of brain cells die unless you engage them) helps with parkinson and alzhiemers. when you exercise increased blood flow to the brain increase the nutrients it receives
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most important in encouraging physical activity
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neighborhood design and safety, only 50% of people say they want walkable communities
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biking now days now and than
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1960s 50% of kids biked to school, today only 1%
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smart growth
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effort to stop sprawl, pushed for dense development zones in place like portland, idea is to cram as many people around subways and bus routes instead of suburban communities that rely heavily on cars
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safetylu
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federal program that makes safe routes to schools
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70-80% of health care costs (2 trillion a year)
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are from sedentary life styles and bad food choices, hispanics live the most unsafe lives
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depression/ Brain lock
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is equated with no movement, regular movement means life. Brain lock- withdrawing from physical activity. when your depressed you don't remember much, stress represses neurogenesis
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outdoors
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80% of americans live in metro areas, pollution from metro areas has killed the environment making the outdoor less interesting decreasing exercise
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children
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have over stimulated senses and under stimulated body, from to much light and noise not enough exercise
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cultural autism
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over stimulation from electronics
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why author wrote book
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because she wanted to compare her wounded body to the american national wounded body
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Von Luschan Scale
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created 36 colored un-exposed skin tone scale, different skin tones meant different things, used to establish racial classifications, not used anymore and went under scrutiny because it was inconsistent
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Coacklys vs Entines hypothesis
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coackly:social factors and conditions account for differences between races, Entines: genetic differences explains differences between races
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Birch E. Bayh
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considered father of Title IX
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kinesiology as part of public health movement
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public health is broadening the work of people in exercise science/ kinesiology. rather than working with highly specialized athletes, it has re-focussed its energy on the total population
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plato vs. aristotle
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plato- preferred homogenity (sameness) in order for a democracy to thrive. Aristotle= preferred heterogeneity (diversity) in order to have a democracy thrive
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United States race comparison
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1/3 of the US is non-white, 18.5% of oregons are non-white, Hawaii had most diversity, Mane has the least
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stacking
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assignments of players in sports is different and therefore the achieved status is different at different positions, players are disproportionately assigned to play positions based on the ascriptive basis of race
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central positions
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thinking ability, highly refined technique stable under pressure, responsible outcomes (white players) (develop greatest game knowledge)
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peripheral positions
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speed, agressive, good hands, instinctive (colored players)
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one drop rule
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any drop of blood in a persons body that is non-white makes that person non-white.
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black athletes in professional sports
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black athletes dominate basketball, football, boxing and track. In all sports most of the people in charge of the sports teams are white. (VPs, GMs, Presidents) etcs...
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race and ethnicity in sports
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is the number one variable that explains how different athletes will excel and specific sports.
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sports that show there is stacking
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basketball doesn't hold up well anymore used to be pg were white and pf were black, volleyball hitters tend to be black setters tend to be white, soccer goalies and middies are white, forwards are colored
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Barron Pierre de Coubertin
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not a proponent of womens involvement in the olympic games,
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Mildred Babe Didrikson Zaharias
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one of most successful athletes of all time, played track baseball and golf, won 2 olympic gold medals, all american basketball player, 1st american women to win british open( she set more records and and won more medals than any athlete in 20th century) she held a msaculine image
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green hour program
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says get 60 minutes of physical activity a week
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bike bill 1971
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every road in oregon has to made bike accesible
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watching to much tv a day
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impares moral judgement and awareness (cognitive part of the brain)
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