Exam 4 quizzes – Flashcards
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Which of these is not a condition for therapeutic progress, according to Rogers?
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insight
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Questionnaires measuring aspects of personality described by Rogers's theory have been devised by researchers.
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True
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Being accepted by the therapist helps a client to accept his or her own experience, according to Rogers.
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True
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Which of the following was true of Rogers' therapy when films of his client-therapist interactions were later reviewed?
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Rogers was not as non-directive as his client-centered therapy is typically portrayed.
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As a client makes progress in therapy, what happens?
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The client more freely experiences and expresses emotions.
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Rogers's concept of unconditional positive regard refers to
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the therapist's acceptance and positive valuing of the client, which is not dependent on particular "good" behaviors.
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Jenny didn't listen to her parents and then made a mistake; however, her parents still love her. Jenny's parents likely have ____ towards her.
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Unconditional positive regard
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Carl Rogers was proud that his students' clinical training included __________, which he innovated.
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a supervised practicum experience
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Roger's believed that work employee / employer relationships would benefit from all of the following except
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Traditional authority patterns
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Rogers called his therapy groups "__________."
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encounter groups
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If the ideal self and the real self do not match, Rogers said
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they are "incongruent."
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Within each person, inner experience signals what is growth-producing. Rogers called this experience __________.
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the organismic valuing process
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Actualization is always a healthy process.
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True
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"Satellite relationships" are
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relationships with people other than the spouse or primary partner, sometimes involving sexual intimacy.
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If a person is "incongruent,"
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the real self and the ideal self are in conflict.
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A criticism of humanistic psychology is that it encourages
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narcissism and selfishness.
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According to Rogers, which of the following is not in the list of characteristics needed for a fully functioning, healthy person?
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Incongruence
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Rogers agreed that psychology should be value-free.
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False
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Rogers described a force for growth in all organic and human life. He called this the __________.
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actualizing tendency
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A desirable outcome of psychotherapy, according to Rogers, is
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the experience of having choices.
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When considering goals, one should consider
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All the of above
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Which of the following is not one of the efficacy expectations that an individual's self efficacy is based upon
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Physical Arousal
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What is low self-efficacy associated with?
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Both a and b
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Bandura recommends that self-efficacy should be measured
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separately for each area of behavior.
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Outcome expectations are
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beliefs about what will happen if a behavior is performed.
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People with high self-efficacy try harder.
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True
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Which of the following is not included as a factor influencing retention?
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Symbiotic coding
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In his studies of film-mediated aggression, children watched models behave aggressively toward
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a bobo doll
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Based on research by Bandura, Ross, and Ross (1963), we would expect that
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children will identify with the working parent in a two-parent family, whether that parent is the mother or the father.
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Human agency involves an individual using all but
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Bandura's research suggests that parents who wish to have children who aim for high goals should
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Barack Obama had a number of important models in his life including his father.
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false
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Research suggests that self-efficacy beliefs have the greatest effect on task performance at the __________ of the task.
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beginning
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Which of the following is considered part of the retention process?
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Symbolic rehearsal of the process.
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Bandura's theory potentially gives individuals
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More control over their lives
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A coach may offer a prize for the most-improved player of the season. This would affect learning because of
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motivational processes.
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Bandura's research on modeling found that children are most likely to imitate adults who are powerful.
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true
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The concept of reciprocal determinism involves all of the following variables except which one?
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society
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Our possible self is the self we wish to avoid.
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false
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In their research on modeling, Bandura, Ross, and Ross (1963) found that children are most likely to imitate adults who are
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powerful
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In real life, modeling produces only socially desirable behavior.
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false
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A person who believes he or she can act effectively in a situation is high in
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Self-efficacy
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What is the similarity between the theories of Bandura and Mischel?
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Both answer 1 and 2
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Which physiological variable has been found to be correlated with self-efficacy?
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immune system functioning
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Research suggests that self-efficacy beliefs have the greatest effect on task performance at the beginning of the task .
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true
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Maslow believed that traditional religions were important for self-actualized people.
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False
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Which of the following methods did Maslow use most often in his study of self-actualized people?
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indirect observation
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Maslow's vision of "Taoist Science" emphasizes
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meaningful interaction with the subject matter.
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Which hypothesis is predicted by Maslow's theory?
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none of the above
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Self-actualized people are less likely to conform to social influence pressures than are other people.
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True
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Esteem needs are satisfied when other people think well of us, even if that reputation is based on erroneous information.
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False
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The desire for safety stops many people from becoming self-actualized.
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True
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David Pelzer's foster family helped him meet his needs for Love and Belongingness.
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True
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According to Maslow, most college students, by the senior year, are self-actualized.
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False
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Abraham Maslow's theory emphasizes
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the most healthy individuals.
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Maslow emphasized the importance of well-controlled research studies in psychology.
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False
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Maslow's critics suggested that his theory was overly influenced by his own
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values.
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A person who is resilient has the strength to survive stressful situations but still experiences the usual negative consequences of those experiences.
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False
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Maslow suggested that we could learn most about personality by studying unhealthy populations.
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False
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In the case of David Pelzer in the beginning of Chapter 15, we learned that David sometimes had to eat food out of the dog dish to survive. What need was he trying to meet in doing so?
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Physiological needs
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Regarding sex, Maslow thought that it was
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an important "love and belongingness" need, as well as a physiological need.
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In his survey of 3,000 college students, about how many did Maslow find whom he considered to be self-actualized?
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one student
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Researchers have found that retrospective peak experiences reported among Japanese adults
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involve interpersonal experiences
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A measure of self-actualization that is frequently used in research is the
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Personal Orientation Inventory.
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Competence, autonomy, and relatedness are important needs, according to self-determination theory.
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true
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Which statement about self-actualization tendencies is most accurate?
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Maslow estimated less than 1 percent of all individuals are self-actualized.
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Which of these belong to the "three pillars of positive psychology?"
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all of the above
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Maslow envisioned a next stage in the development of psychology. This "fourth" stage would be concerned with __________ issues.
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transpersonal
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Maslow urged for a more spiritual approach within psychology
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true
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Education, according to Maslow, should encourage students'
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curiosity
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