question

Allport believed that present and future behavior can best be explained in terms of

answer

functional autonomy.

question

The needs to know and to understand

answer

can be stronger than the safety needs.

question

An idea in Rogers' theory similar to Freud's superego is

answer

conditions of worth.

question

The fully functioning person is aware of all experiences and

answer

all of the answers

question

For Eysenck, the most significant factor in intelligence is

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heredity

question

Erikson noted identity confusion in his study of

answer

all of the answers

question

Identity cohesion or role confusion appears at ages

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12-18

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According to Allport, life's ultimate and necessary goal is to

answer

maintain an optimal level of tension.

question

The driving forces for behavior are ____ traits.

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dynamic

question

In his study of play constructions, Erikson believed he saw

answer

the symbolic expression of the genitals for both sexes.

question

The process of maturation is

answer

often accompanied by struggle and pain.

question

Older people should seek

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new challenges.

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In Rogers' approach to therapy, the therapist provides

answer

unconditional positive regard.

question

Erikson once worked

answer

at a guidance center for emotionally disturbed delinquents

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According to Maslow, truly self-actualized people constitute ____ of the population

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less than 1%

question

We can see origins of Rogers' personality in his childhood experience of

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living by someone else's view of the world rather than his own.

question

Rogers' early work in psychology was

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diagnosing and treating delinquent and underprivileged children.

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Computer analysis of the letters from Jenny

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yielded valid and comparable results to indicate Allport's eight prominent traits.

question

Allport's research methods focused on

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the normal healthy individual

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Allport formulated a theory of personality development in which

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considerable knowledge has been gained about the functioning of the normal, emotionally healthy adult.

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Cattell's personality measures are ____ because of the biases that affect scoring and interpretation

answer

subjective

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For Cattell, behavior that is considered predictable must be

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lawful and orderly

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In Allport's theory, central traits

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best describe a person's behavior.

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Allport believed that personality is often revealed indirectly through

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expressive behavior

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Allport's approach to personality is characterized by the

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conscious rather than the unconscious

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Erikson identified the stage of identity cohesion versus role confusion as

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a moratorium to give a person time and energy to play different roles and live with different images

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Rogers believed that the essence of human nature is

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an innate drive for actualization.

question

Erikson's most unusual assessment technique is

answer

. psychohistorical analysis

question

Allport believed that the best way to study personality was through

answer

normal and healthy adults.

question

McCrae and Costa's five personality factors

answer

include agreeableness and conscientiousness.

question

Metapathology results from

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frustration of the metaneeds.

question

Allport's idiographic approach was the study of

answer

the individual case.

question

Adolescents who have not experienced an identity crisis but are committed to an occupation are in the

answer

foreclosure status

question

At each stage of psychosocial development,

answer

adaptive and maladaptive ways of coping are incorporated into the ego identity.

question

With regard to experimental research, Rogers

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preferred to have a clearer view of a person's experiential world.

question

Environmental-mold traits are

answer

learned characteristics from the influences of friends, work, and where we live.

question

For Cattell, traits are

answer

all of the answers

question

All of the following are characteristics of self-actualized persons except

answer

a complete acceptance of the norms and beliefs of the majority.

question

Erikson's epigenetic principle of maturation

answer

asserts that development is determined by a combination of biological and social factors.

question

Allport's theory has become more popular today because

answer

all of the answers

question

Maslow called moments of intense ecstasy, power, and transcendence of the self

answer

peak experiences.

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For Cattell, if two measures showed a high correlation, then

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the traits and factors of the two tests are similar or related.

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According to Cattell, a valid personality theory should be able to

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predict behavior in response to a given stimulus situation

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If a conflict at one stage cannot be resolved, then a person will

answer

have much difficulty to continue normal development in the next stage

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Erikson divided personality growth into

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eight stages from birth to death.

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Cattell has identified 16 ____ traits that form the basis of personality

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source

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Compared to coping behavior, expressive behavior is

answer

a better reflection of the personality.

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In response to charges that his concepts are ambiguous and poorly defined, Erikson cited

answer

his artistic temperament and lack of formal training in science

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To Rogers, the only valid way to study personality is through

answer

examining each person's subjective perceptions.

question

Studies of ego identity show that

answer

adolescents high in ego identity develop trust, autonomy, initiative, and industriousness.

question

Our level of psychological adjustment and emotional health is a function of the extent to which our

answer

self is congruent with our environment

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One unusual assessment technique used by Allport was

answer

the personal-document approach

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Q-sort research has shown that person-centered therapy increases the

answer

correlation between perceived self and ideal self.

question

Research on psychosocial stages demonstrated

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a relationship between happiness and successful development in the first six stages.

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Failure to adapt at one developmental stage

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can be corrected by success at a later stage

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In Cattell's system, the mental elements of personality are called

answer

traits

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Source traits are

answer

the basic elements of personality.

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The basic strength associated with the final stage of development is

answer

wisdom.

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Research using the Q sort provides

answer

impressive evidence for the effectiveness of person-centered therapy.

question

With my childhood," Maslow observed, "it's a wonder I'm not ____"

answer

psychotic.

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Ergs and sentiments are

answer

dynamic motivating traits.

question

Erikson's primary research method was

answer

the case study

question

All of the following are personality factors identified by McCrae and Costa except

answer

deference

question

The 16 PF Test is widely used

answer

for personality research and for predicting occupational success

question

The Personal Orientation Inventory (POI)

answer

measures time competence and inner directedness.

question

Allport chose the term proprium for the

answer

ego or self

question

In the business world, Rogers' therapy

answer

has been used as a training method for managers.

question

At the lowest level of Maslow's hierarchy, we find ____ needs.

answer

physiological

question

In his college student years, Maslow was influenced by the ideas of

answer

john b Watson

question

Allport emphasized the importance of the

answer

present and the future.

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Temperament traits describe a person's

answer

emotional behavior

question

Rogers' personality theory is rooted in

answer

humanistic psychology

question

Maslow's first studies in psychology were

answer

training in experimental psychology.

question

Rogers' work was influenced by his early

answer

solitude.

question

Erikson's primary assessment technique was

answer

Erikson was skeptical of most assessment techniques

question

In general, Cattell's theory is

answer

respected, but not widely followed.

question

Rogers' work is significant in its attempt to

answer

define the self

question

Allport believed that the emotionally healthy adult is

answer

no longer dominated or determined by childhood drives

question

The only pre-determined belief of the person-centered therapist is

answer

the client's inherent value and worth.

question

Self-actualizers can occasionally

answer

all of the answers

question

Allport believed his famous meeting with Freud illustrated

answer

the error of placing too much importance on the unconscious.

question

Carl Rogers' fully functioning person would

answer

all of them

question

When the needs for affection and security are met in infancy

answer

all of the answers

question

According to Eysenck's research, extraverts have lower levels of ____ than introverts.

answer

cortical arousal

question

Erikson's use of psychohistorical analysis included such figures as

answer

Gandhi and Martin Luther.

question

Maslow believed strongly in

answer

free will

question

Malignancies develop when

answer

only the maladaptive tendency is present.

question

At the end of World War II, there was a need for veterans to receive counseling quickly. Person-centered therapy was described as

answer

simple, informal, and brief.

question

Maslow's image of human nature takes the position of

answer

free will

question

Much of the POI research

answer

uses the correlational method.

question

Metamotivation refers to

answer

the motivation of self-actualizers.

question

Erikson's theory has been criticized because it is

answer

incomplete in its description of the last stage of maturity.

question

In the stage of intimacy versus isolation, a person may prefer to

answer

all of the answers

question

Maslow believed that the belongingness and love needs

answer

involves the need both to give and to receive love.

question

Rogers believed that personality could only be understood from our own viewpoint, that is, based on a persons'

answer

subjective experiences

question

During a peak experience, the person

answer

feels powerful, confident, and decisive

question

On the uniqueness and universality issue, Cattell noted the existence of ____ traits and ___ traits

answer

common/unique

question

Concerning cognitive needs, studies have been shown that emotionally healthy adults

answer

are motivated to improve their knowledge about unexplained events

question

Allport believed the unconscious is actually

answer

important only in neurotic or disturbed behavior.

question

Cattell's image of human nature stresses the concept of

answer

behavior as lawful, orderly, and therefore predictable.

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