EXAM 1: Medical-Surgical Nursing Review – Flashcards
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Which changes occurs to the urinary system with aging?
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Bladder capacity decreases
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Encouraging patients to empty their bladder soon after feeling the urge rather than delaying emptying prevents
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Cancer of the bladder and incontinence
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Which lab result is indicative of decreased kidney function
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Serum BUN 24 mg/dl and creatinine 2.1 mg/dl
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Nursing care for the patient before receiving an ivp includes
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Assessing for any allergies to iodine bun & creatinine
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A renal ultrasound examination can detect
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The size shape and location of structures of the urinary system
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If a patient has dark amber to orange colored urine the nurse would expect that this pt may be suffering from
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Dehydration
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Urine output from an adult should be a minimum of
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30 mL/hr
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Teaching for a patient taking an antispasmodic or antimuscarinic medication for spasms of the bladder, overactive bladder, or urinary incontinence should include which statement
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You may need to use hard candy or ice chips for dry mouth
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If a patient is experiencing urinary incontinence the nurse should advise the patient to avoid what?
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Beverages containing caffeine
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What is considered a normal amount of residual urine?
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100ml or less
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Common signs and symptoms of cystitis include painful urination frequency and urgency and
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Low back pain
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Glomerulonephritis most commonly occurs after which type of infection?
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Group a beta hemolytic streptococcal infection
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Nephrotic syndrome is characterized by hyperlipidemia, hypoalbuminemia, severe edema, and...
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Proteinuria
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Which patient is at the highest risk for developing renal stones?
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Male gender immobile history of uti
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The nurse is caring for a patient who is suspected of having chronic pyelonephritis. which symptom provides the greatest support to the diagnosis?
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Weakness
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A patient has been diagnosed with acute glomerulonephritis. What will most likely be noted in the patient's health history?
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Recent diagnosis of impetigo
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Acute renal failure most commonly occurs in pt who have had injury to the kidney, inflammation, damage from toxic chemicals and...
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Infection
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Stage 2 chronic renal failure is characterized by...
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BUN and serum creatinine levels beginning to rise, oliguria, and edema
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Nursing assessment finding that indicate a properly functioning arteriovenous graft or fistula include...
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Palpable thrill and Audible Bruit
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Interventions that require a doctor's order...
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Labs Medications Foley Catheters Diagnostic Testing Diet Change IV
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One way of prioritizing nursing care
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Maslow's Airway, Breathing, Circulation
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5 Steps of Nursing Process
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Assessment Nursing Diagnosis Implementation Planning Evaluation
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A chemistry panel gives what information
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Electrolytes, Protein, BUN, Creatinine Basic Metabolic Panel Complete Metabolic Panel
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Hormones that regulate fluid and electrolytes
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Aldosterone ADH
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What is used to assess fluid stasis
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Weight, Labs, Vital Signs, I&O
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What are the goals in treating pts with kidney disorders
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Relieve Pain Reduce Fever Prevent further damage to kidney
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What are these patients at risk for: Trauma Pt Marathon Runner Uncontrolled Diabetic Patient with Vomiting and Diarrhea
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Fluid Volume Deficit
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Sodium is responsible for...
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Regulation of osmolarity balancing the intake and excretion of sodium in the body
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Increases in electrolytes in the body can be caused by...
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Too little water ingestion Ingestion of too much of the electrolyte
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S/S of Fluid Volume Excess
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Bounding Pulse DIstended Neck Veins Increased BP Crackles and Dependent Edema
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S/S of Fluid Volume Deficit
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Dry Mucosa Flat neck veins
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What symptoms would you see in a pt with potassium imbalance?
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Muscle Cramps Cardiac Dysrhythmias Constipation
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ABG: pH 7.49, Paco2 33, HCO3 24
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Respiratory Alkalosis
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ABG: pH 7.49 , Paco2 42 , HCO3 28
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Metabolic Alkalosis
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Metabolic Alkalosis can be caused by?
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Loss of gastric secretions, too many antacids, and potassium wasting diuretics
