EX9 – Space – Flashcards
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What are the two main parts of the nephron? 1) A) the efferent and afferent arteriole B) the renal corpuscle and the renal tubule C) glomerular filtration and tubular reabsorption D) the glomerulus and the proximal convoluted tubule
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the renal corpuscle and the renal tubule
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Which of the following describes the order in which blood flows through the nephron? 2) A) efferent arteriole, glomerulus, afferent arteriole B) glomerulus, afferent arteriole, efferent arteriole C) afferent arteriole, glomerulus, efferent arteriole D) afferent arteriole, efferent arteriole, glomerulus
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afferent arteriole, glomerulus, efferent arteriole
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Which of the following is NOT a function of the kidneys? 3) A)afferent arteriole, glomerulus, efferent arteriole B) maintenance of acid-base balance of the blood C) maintenance of plasma osmolarity D) maintenance of electrolyte balance in the body
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afferent arteriole, glomerulus, efferent arteriole
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Which of the following should NOT be found in the filtrate in the Bowman's capsule? 4) A) glucose B) potassium C) white blood cells D) sodium
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white blood cells
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Which structures form the filtration membrane in the nephron? 5) A) afferent arteriole and the efferent arteriole B) afferent arteriole and the glomerular capsule C) efferent arteriole and the glomerular capsule D) glomerulus and the glomerular capsule
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glomerulus and the glomerular capsule
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Which of the following resulted in an increase in glomerular filtration rate? 6) A) increasing the efferent arteriole diameter and increasing the afferent arteriole diameter B) increasing the efferent arteriole diameter C) decreasing the efferent arteriole diameter and increasing the afferent arteriole diameter D) increasing the afferent arteriole diameter E) decreasing the efferent arteriole diameter
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decreasing the efferent arteriole diameter and increasing the afferent arteriole diamet
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Which of the following resulted in a decrease in glomerular capillary pressure? 7) A) decreasing the afferent arteriole diameter and increasing the afferent arteriole diameter B) decreasing the afferent arteriole diameter C) increasing the efferent arteriole diameter and decreasing the afferent arteriole diameter D) increasing the afferent arteriole diameter E) increasing the efferent arteriole diameter
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increasing the efferent arteriole diameter and decreasing the afferent arteriole diameter
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What is the normal range for glomerular filtration rate? 8) A) 20-40 ml/min B) 80-140 ml/min C) 1-5 ml/min D) 200-250 ml/min
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80-140 ml/min
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What is(are) the driving force(s) for filtration in the nephron? 9) A) hydrostatic pressure gradients, osmotic pressure gradients and Starling forces B) osmotic pressure gradients C) hydrostatic pressure gradients and osmotic pressure gradients D) hydrostatic pressure gradients E) Starling forces
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hydrostatic pressure gradients, osmotic pressure gradients and Starling forces
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The functions of the nephron include all of the following EXCEPT _______. 10) A) tubular secretion B) glomerular secretion C) glomerular filtration D) tubular reabsorption
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glomerular secretion
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In this activity, we will explore the effect of _______. 11) A) dehydration on glomerular filtration rate B) blood pressure on glomerular filtration rate C) breathing on glomerular filtration rate D) excessive waste products in the blood on glomerular filtration rate
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blood pressure on glomerular filtration rate
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What is the name for the "ball" of capillaries found in the renal corpuscle? 12) A) afferent arteriole B) glomerulus C) peritubular capillaries D) efferent arteriole
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glomerulus
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As the pressure in the beaker was increased, which of the following occurred? 13) A) Glomerular filtration rate decreased, and urine volume decreased. B) Glomerular filtration rate increased, and urine volume increased. C) Glomerular filtration rate decreased, and urine volume increased. D) Glomerular filtration rate increased, and urine volume decreased.
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Glomerular filtration rate increased, and urine volume increased
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The pressure in the left source beaker simulates _______. 14) A) capsular pressure B) glomerular hydrostatic pressure C) osmotic pressure D) blood pressure
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blood pressure
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With the valve between the collecting duct and the urinary bladder closed, _______. 15) A) the glomerular pressure increased B) the glomerular filtration rate was zero C) the glomerular pressure decreased D) urine volume was zero
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urine volume was zero
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With the valve between the collecting duct and the urinary bladder closed and with the pressure increased, _______. 16) A) the glomerular pressure increased B) the glomerular filtration rate increased C) the glomerular filtration rate increased and the glomerular pressure decreased D) the glomerular filtration rate increased and the glomerular pressure increased E) the glomerular pressure decreased
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the glomerular filtration rate increased and the glomerular pressure increased
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Altering the radii of the afferent and efferent arterioles provides for _______. 17) A) glomerular filtration rate homeostasis B) blood pressure homeostasis and glomerular filtration rate homeostasis C) blood pressure homeostasis D) glomerular hydrostatic pressure homeostasis E) glomerular filtration rate homeostasis and glomerular hydrostatic pressure homeostasis
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glomerular filtration rate homeostasis and glomerular hydrostatic pressure homeostasis
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Because the alteration of the afferent or efferent arteriole occurs within the nephron, we refer to this mechanism as _______. 18) A) extrinsic B) independent C) compensatory D) intrinsic
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intrinsic
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Which of the following would decrease glomerular filtration rate? 19) A) increasing the efferent arteriole radius or decreasing the efferent arteriole radius B) decreasing the efferent arteriole radius C) increasing the efferent arteriole radius D) increasing the efferent arteriole radius or decreasing the afferent arteriole radius E) decreasing the afferent arteriole radius
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increasing the efferent arteriole radius or decreasing the afferent arteriole radius
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In this activity, the drain beaker (second beaker in the flow) simulates the _______. 20) A) vasa recta B) renal vein C) peritubular capillaries D) renal artery
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renal vein
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When the beaker pressure was lowered, which of the following decreased? 21) A) urine volume B) glomerular filtration rate C) glomerular pressure, glomerular filtration rate and urine volume D) glomerular pressure E) glomerular pressure and glomerular filtration rate
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glomerular pressure, glomerular filtration rate and urine volume
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When blood pressure increases, what changes can occur to maintain glomerular filtration rate? 22) A) constriction of the afferent arteriole B) dilation of the afferent arteriole C) dilation of the efferent arteriole D) dilation of the efferent arteriole and dilation of the afferent arteriole E) constriction of the afferent arteriole and dilation of the efferent arteriole
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constriction of the afferent arteriole and dilation of the efferent arteriole
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When the efferent arteriole constricts, _______. 23) A) urine volume decreases B) the glomerular filtration rate decreases C) the back pressure in the Bowman's capsule increases D) the glomerular capillary pressure increases
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the back pressure in the Bowman's capsule increase
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Interstitial fluid is located in the _______. 24) A) tubule lumen B) glomerulus C) peritubular capillaries D) spaces surrounding the kidney tubule
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spaces surrounding the kidney tubule
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Secretion of ADH would _______. 25) A) decrease urine output B) decrease glomerular filtration rate C) increase urine output D) increase glomerular filtration rate
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decrease urine output
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The reabsorption of water and solutes _______. 26) A) depends on concentration gradients B) is passive C) is into the peritubular capillaries D) is passive and is into the peritubular capillaries E) is passive, depends on concentration gradients and is into the peritubular capillaries
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is passive, depends on concentration gradients and is into the peritubular capillaries
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When ADH is present in the filtrate, _______. 27) A) urine output increases B) urine concentration increases and urine output increases C) urine concentration increases D) urine concentration decreases E) urine concentration decreases and urine output increases
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urine concentration increases
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What happened to the urine volume when the solute gradient in the interstitial space was increased? 28) A) The urine volume stayed the same. B) The urine volume increased. C) The urine volume went to zero. D) The urine volume decreased.
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The urine volume decreased.
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What happened to the urine concentration when the solute gradient in the interstitial space was increased? 29) A) The urine concentration went to zero. B) The urine concentration stayed the same. C) The urine concentration decreased. D) The urine concentration increased.
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The urine concentration increased.
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What will happen to the urine volume if ADH is NOT added to the collecting duct? 30) A) The urine volume will increase. B) The urine volume will stay the same. C) The urine volume will decrease. D) The urine volume will go to zero.
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The urine volume will increase.
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Glucose is reabsorbed _______. 31) A) through transmembrane proteins B) into the peritubular capillaries C) by secondary active transport D) by facilitated diffusion E) All of the above are correct
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All of the above are correct
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Glucose reabsorption occurs in the _______. 32) A) descending limb of the loop of Henle B) collecting duct C) proximal convoluted tubule D) glomerular capsule
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proximal convoluted tubule
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Glucose is transported _______. 33) A) through the basolateral membrane by cotransport with sodium B) through the apical membrane by facilitated diffusion C) through the basolateral membrane by facilitated diffusion D) through the basolateral membrane by secondary active transport
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through the basolateral membrane by facilitated diffusion
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As the number of glucose carriers increased, the concentration of glucose in the _______. 34) A) distal tubule increased and bladder decreased B) distal tubule decreased and bladder decreased C) distal tubule decreased D) distal tubule increased E) bladder decreased
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distal tubule decreased and bladder decreased
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At which concentration of glucose carriers was the glucose concentration reduced to zero? 35) A) 300 B) 100 C) 200 D) 400
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400
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When the glucose transport maximum is reached, _______. 36) A) glucose is excreted in the urine and all of the glucose is reabsorbed B) glucose is excreted in the urine C) glucose is excreted in the urine and not all of the glucose is reabsorbed D) not all of the glucose is reabsorbed E) all of the glucose is reabsorbed
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glucose is excreted in the urine and not all of the glucose is reabsorbed
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ADH is produced in the _______. 37) A) hypothalamus B) posterior pituitary C) anterior pituitary D) adrenal cortex
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hypothalamus
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The secretion of aldosterone is directly stimulated by _______. 38) A) angiotensin I B) angiotensin II C) renin D) a change in body fluid osmolarity
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angiotensin II
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The secretion of ADH is directly stimulated by _______. 39) A) a change in body fluid osmolarity B) angiotensin II C) angiotensin I D) renin
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a change in body fluid osmolarit
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Which of the following is(are) hormones? 40) A) renin B) ADH C) aldosterone D) ADH and aldosterone E) ADH, aldosterone and renin
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ADH and aldosterone
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The addition of aldosterone _______. 41) A) decreased the urine volume to zero B) decreased the urine volume C) resulted in no change in urine volume D) increased the urine volume
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decreased the urine volume
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With ADH added but in the absence of aldosterone, _______. 42) A) urine volume decreased B) the potassium concentration increased C) the potassium concentration increased and urine volume decreased D) the potassium concentration decreased and urine volume decreased E) the potassium concentration decreased
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the potassium concentration increased and urine volume decreased
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The urine was the most concentrated _______. 43) A) with aldosterone without ADH B) with both ADH and aldosterone C) without both ADH and aldosterone D) with ADH but without aldosterone
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with both ADH and aldosterone
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Which hormone had the greater effect on urine volume? 44) A) aldosterone B) ADH C) Both ADH and aldosterone had an equal effect on urine volume. D) Neither ADH nor aldosterone affected urine volume.
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ADH
