AP Psychology Chapter 15: Therapy – Flashcards
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Eclectic Approach
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An approach to psychotherapy that, depending on the client's problems, uses techniques from various forms of therapy.
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Psychotherapy
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Treatment involving psychological techniques; consists of interactions between a trained therapist and someone seeking to overcome psychological difficulties or achieve personal growth
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Psychoanalysis
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Sigmund Freud's therapeutic technique. Believed the patient's free associations, resistances, dreams, and transferences--and the therapist's interpretations of them--released previously repressed feelings, allowing the patients
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Resistance
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In psychoanalysis, the blocking from consciousness of anxiety-laden material
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Interpretation
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In psychoanalysis, the analyst's noting supposed dream meanings, resistances, and other significant behaviors and events in order to promote insight.
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Transference
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In psychoanalysis, the patient's transfer to the analyst of emotions linked with other relationships (such as love or hatred for a parent)
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Psychodynamic Therapy
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Therapy deriving from the psychoanalytic tradition that views individuals as responding to unconscious forces and childhood experiences, and that seeks to enhance self-insight.
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Client-Centered Therapy
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A humanistic therapy, developed by Carl Rogers, in which the therapist uses techniques such as active listening within a genuine, accepting, empathic environment to facilitate clients' growth. (Also called person-centered therapy.)
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Insight Therapies
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A variety of therapies which aim to improve psychological functioning by increasing the client's awareness of underlying motives and defenses.
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Active Listening
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Empathic listening in which the listener echoes, restates, and clarifies. A feature of Rogers' client-centered therapy.
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Unconditional Positive Regard
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A caring, accepting, nonjudgmental attitude, which Carl Rogers believed to be conductive to developing self-awareness and self-acceptance.
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Behavior Therapy
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Therapy that applies learning principles to the elimination of unwanted behaviors.
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Counterconditioning
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A behavior therapy procedure that uses classical conditioning to evoke new responses to stimuli that are triggering unwanted behaviors; includes exposure therapies and aversive conditioning.
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Exposure Therapies
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Behavioral techniques, such as systematic desensitization, that treat anxieties by exposing people (in imagination or actuality) to the things they fear and avoid.
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Systematic Desensitization
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A type of exposure therapy that associates a pleasant relaxed state with gradually increasing anxiety-triggering stimuli. Commonly used to treat phobias.
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Virtual Reality Exposure Therapy
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An anxiety treatment that progressively exposes people to simulations of their greatest fears, such as airplane flying, spiders, or public speaking.
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Aversive Conditioning
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A type of counterconditioning that associates an unpleasant state (such as nausea) with an unwanted behavior (such as drinking alcohol)
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Token Economy
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An operant conditioning procedure in which people earn a token of some sort for exhibiting a desired behavior and can later exchange the tokens for various privileges or treats
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Cognitive Therapy
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Therapy that teaches people new, more adaptive ways of thinking and acting; based on the assumption that thoughts intervene between events and our emotional reactions.
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Cognitive-Behavior Therapy
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A popular integrated therapy that combines cognitive therapy (changing self-defending thinking) with behavior therapy (changing behavior)
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Family Therapy
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Therapy that treats the family as a system. Views an individual's unwanted behaviors as influenced by or directed at, other family members.
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Regression Toward the Mean
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The tendency for extremes of unusual scores to fall back (regress) toward their average.
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Meta-analysis
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A procedure for statistically combining the results of many different research studies.
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Evidence-Based Practice
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Clinical decision-making that integrates the best available research with clinical expertise and patient characteristics and preferences.
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Biomedical Therapy
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Prescribed medications of medical procedures that act directly on the patient's nervous system.
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Psychopharmacology
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The study of the effects of drugs on the mind and behavior.
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Antipsychotic Drugs
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Drugs used treat schizophrenia and other forms of severe thought disorders.
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Tardive Dyskinesia
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Involuntary movements of the facial muscles, tongue, and limbs; a possible neurotoxic side effect of long-term use of antipsychotic drugs that target certain dopamine receptors.
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Antianxiety Drugs
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Drugs used to control anxiety and agitation.
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Antidepressant Drugs
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Drugs used to treat depression; also increasingly prescribed for anxiety. Different types work by altering the availably of various neurotransmitters.
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ECT
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(Electroconvulsive Therapy) A biomedical therapy for severely depressed patients in which a brief electric current is sent through the brain of an anesthetized patient.
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Psychosurgery
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Surgery that removes or destroys brain tissue in an effort to change behavior.
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Lobotomy
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A now-rare psychosurgical procedure once used to calm uncontrollably emotional or violent patients. The procedure cut the nerves connecting the frontal lobes to the emotion-controlling centers of the inner brain.
