question

Presence and multiplication of another organism usually a microbe in the body of the host

answer

Colonization

question

A _ is an organism capable of supporting the nutritional and physical growth requirements of another

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host

question

One organism, the host, is injured through the activities of the other, the parasite

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Parasitism

question

The detrimental colonization of a host by a foreign organism

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Infection

question

Ability to invade host

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Infectivity

question

Infectivity formula

answer

Number infected / Number susceptible x 100

question

Ability to cause disease

answer

Pathogenicity

question

Pathogenicity formula

answer

Number with clinical disease / number infected x 100

question

Ability to cause disease or death

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Virulence

question

Virulence formula

answer

Number of deaths / number with disease x 100

question

These are highly virulent; rarely found without disease to host

answer

Pathogens

question

Produce disease when the health and immunity of the host have been severely weakened by illness, malnutrition, or medical therapy.

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Opportunistic pathogen

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Parasites that can't survive outside of a host

answer

Obligate parasites

question

May exit in a free-living state or as commensal, and may become parasitic under certain conditions.

answer

Facultative parasites

question

These types of parasites live inside the host

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Endoparasites

question

Parasites that live on the surface of the host

answer

Ectoparasites

question

The number of new cases of an infectious diseases that occur within a defined population

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Incidence

question

The number of active cases at a given time

answer

Prevalence

question

Disease that has a relatively stable and expected incidence and prevalence within a geographic area

answer

Endemic

question

An abrupt and unexpected increase in the incidence of disease over endemic rates.

answer

Epidemic

question

The spread of disease beyond continental boundaries

answer

Pandemic

question

Where organisms can live, accumulate or persist outside of the host of interest; could be another organism or the inanimate environment

answer

Reservior

question

Inanimate objects/materials by which organisms get from one host to another; includes water, food, objects and biological products

answer

Vehicles

question

Living organisms bringing infectious organisms to a host

answer

Biological Vector

question

Microbes do not multiply in the vector. Ex: biting insects infected with the infectious organism

answer

Mechanical Vector

question

Microbes must propagate in the vector before they can be transmitted to a host

answer

Biological Vector

question

Name the two types of human reserviors

answer

Acute clinical cases Carriers

question

Name the four types of carriers

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Incubatory Inapparent infection Convalescent Chronic

question

These types of carriers begin transmission before full blown disease appear

answer

Incubatory carrier

question

This is a type of infection that doesn't develop the disease but are able to transmit

answer

Inapparent infections

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Continue to carry infection after recovery

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Convalescent

question

This is a type of carrier that continues to harbor infection years after recovery

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Chronic carrier

question

Name the two types of contact transmission

answer

Direct Indirect

question

Name the three types of vehicle transmission

answer

Airborne Waterborne Foodborne

question

Name the two types of vector transmision

answer

Mechanical Biological

question

Name the four types of portal entry

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Penetration Direct contact Ingestion Inhalation

question

What type of transmission is commonly associated with STDs?

answer

Direct contact

question

A mother can spread an infection to a child through these two types of transmission

answer

Vertical Congenital

question

What are the TORCHES infections?

answer

Toxo Other (Varicella, Step B) Rubella Cytomegavirus Herpes Syphilis

question

The severity of congenital defects associated with infection are dependent upon _ _ of the fetus when transmission occurs

answer

gestational age

question

What is the most efficient form of transmission?

answer

Ingestion

question

An object capable of transmitting an infection

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Fomite

question

A term desctibing an opportunistic infection acquired from host's own microflora source of infection

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Endogenous

question

External environment such as water, food, soil, or air source of infection

answer

Exogenous

question

Mother to child during gestation source of infection

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Congenital

question

Mother to child during birth source of infection

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Perinatal

question

Animals to human source of infection

answer

Zoonoses

question

Term describing a source of infection from vectors

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Vector borne

question

Name the two terms for specific locations where infections can be acquired

answer

Nosocomial Community

question

Health care facility source of infection

answer

Nosocomial

question

Outside health care facility source of infection

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Community

question

Collection of signs and symptoms expressed by the host during the disease course

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Symptomology

question

Symptomology is also referred to as these two things

answer

Clinical picture Disease presentation

question

Outwards expression of the interaction between invading organisms and the retaliatory inflammation and immune responses of the host

answer

Symptomology

question

A group of symptoms shared by a number of diverse infectious diseases

answer

Nonspecific

question

Symptoms that directly reflect site of infection

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Specific

question

Obvious

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Overt

question

Type of infection needing lab testing to detect

answer

Covert

question

Name the five stages of the disease course

answer

Incubation Prodromal Acute Convalescent Resolution

question

Stage of active replication of a pathogen

answer

Incubation

question

There are _ symptoms in the incubation stage

answer

no

question

This stage can have no pronounced clinical presentation or the initial symptom presentation of disease

answer

Prodromal

question

This stage has the most impact of the infectious process

answer

Acute

question

This stage is marked by the rapid proliferation and dissemination of the pathogen

answer

Acute

question

In this stage, symptoms are pronounced and more specific to the pathogen and site of infection

answer

Acute

question

This stage is marked by the containment of the infection

answer

Convalescent

question

This stage is marked by the progressive elimination of the pathogen

answer

Convalescent

question

This stage is marked by the repair of damaged tissue as well as the resolution of symptoms

answer

Convalescent

question

This stage is marked by the total elimination of a pathogen and there are no longer and residual signs of infection

answer

Resolution

question

In this type of infection, symptoms may be continuous or sporadic for months or years without a convalescent phase

answer

Chronic

question

In this type of infection, progress from infection to resolution without clinically apparent symptoms

answer

Subclinical

question

In this type of infection, disease existing, without marked symptoms, but ready to become active upon some slight occasion

answer

Insidious

question

In this type of infection, there is an abrupt onset of symptoms with little or no prodromal

answer

Fulminant

question

A term describing an infection that has disseminated from the site of primary infection (usually by the circulatory system) to involve other locations and organ systems

answer

Systemic

question

Name three prominent places of localized infection

answer

Respiratory GU GI

question

Substances or products generated by infectious agents that enhance their ability to cause disease

answer

Virulence factor

question

Name the four main types of virulence factors

answer

Toxin Adhesion Evasive Invasive

question

Substances that alter or destroy the normal function of the host or host's cells

answer

Toxin

question

Toxins are primarily produced by _ pathogens

answer

bacterial

question

Name the two main types of toxins

answer

Endotoxin Exotoxin

question

Proteins released from the bacteria cell during growth would be classified as what type of toxin

answer

Exotoxin

question

This is another name for bacterial exotoxins that produce vomiting and diarrhea

answer

Enterotoxin

question

These toxins are non-protein, complex molecules composed of lipid and polysaccharides that has no enzymatic activity

answer

Endotoxin

question

Endotoxins are found in the _ _ of _ _ _

answer

cell wall, gram negative bacteria

question

_ is not released from the bacteria during growth

answer

Endotoxin

question

Endotoxins can cause _ _

answer

endotoxic shock

question

Small amounts of endotoxins can produce these five symptoms

answer

Clotting Bleeding Inflammation Hypotension Fever

question

_ is disease in individuals with weakened immune systems

answer

Commensals

question

The five evasive factors are these

answer

Superficial entry Internal environment entry Antibody evasion Cell immunity evasion Alternating life cycle

question

The study of the distribution and determinants of disease or health-related states or events in specified populations and the application of this study to the control of health problems

answer

Epidemiology

question

Term describing how often a disease causes death

answer

Mortality

question

Term describing the relative incidence of disease

answer

Morbidity

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