Environmental Science 121 Chapter 5 – Flashcards
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Environmental policy aims to
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promote fairness among people and groups in the use of resources
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The primary role of the United Nations is to
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cooperate in solving international economic, social, cultural, and humanitarian problems
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Legislation passed by congress is known as
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statutory law
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Enforcement and elaboration of United States statutory law is given to
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administrative agencies
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An environmental impact statement is required
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for any federal action that may affect U.S. environmental quality
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The World Bank
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is a major source of funds for global economic development
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"If domestic gas prices rise to $5 per gallon, conservation will increase, alternative fuels will be developed, and energy efficiency and our quality of life will improve." This view is consistent with ____ economics.
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environmental
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"If domestic gas prices rise to $5 per gallon, growth will slow significantly and our quality of life will decline." This view is consistent with _____ economics.
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neoclassical
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The social changes in the United States in the 20th century gave rise to environmental laws concerned primarily with
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reducing pollution caused by industry
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Environmental damage from industry or land development has traditionally been labeled as ______ by economists.
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external costs
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The first national park in the world was
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Yellowstone
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Rachel Carson's book Silent Spring, published in the 1960s,
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focused on chemical pollutants, including industrial chemicals
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The National Environmental Policy Act (NEPA)
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required environmental impact statements for any projects funded by the United States government
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To control pollution, industry has been given limits and been threatened with punishment if these limits are violated. This approach is called
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command and control
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The principle that "internal costs", which are the costs and benefits borne by the buyer and seller alone, represent the true and full economics of all transactions is a principle of
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neoclassical economics
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International environmental policies arise from
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international conventions or treaties
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Juanita and Sam attend a beach party and notice that the local beach appears to have a great deal more trash washed up on shore than it did when they were young. The water doesn't appear nearly as clear, and there seems to be less evidence of small water creatures living in the shallows. An afternoon at the local library convinces them that one major cause is the new factory nearby. After some discussion, they decide their next step should be
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talking to a local environmental group about solutions
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The entire environmental policy process
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includes more steps than the average citizen is able to accomplish alone
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The World Bank was established in 1944 to
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fund economic development for all countries, including dams and irrigation in the poorest countries, for the poorest peoples
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Critics of the World Trade Organization
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complain that it frequently worsens environmental problems
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Lobbying, legal action, and campaign funding are all means used by _______ to influence governmental environmental policies
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the public sector
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Cap and Trade is a system that
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specifies a certain cap on industrial pollutants that can be traded to other nations
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A distinguishing feature of ecological economics is the concept of
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steady-state economies that, like natural systems, neither grow nor shrink
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Robert Costanza and his colleagues have shown that
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the value of ecosystem services is more than $48 trillion 2013 dollars
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Rising per capita consumption of goods and rising population growth lead to
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more resource extraction, waste, pollution
