Environmental quality chapter 23

agriculture, industry, mining.

paper and paper products (i.e. packaging)

sanitary landfills

-less rodent problems than an open dump -less of an odor than open dumps -less pollution such as not polluting the surface & ground water

a) clay liners at the bottom of the landfill help prevent groundwater pollution b) a soil cover minimizes the escape and dispersal of offensive odors c) they have systems designed to collect leachate d) they tend to have fewer rodents than open dump

-Production of methane gas -Contamination of surface water and groundwater by leachate -Closing a full sanitary landfill involves considerable expense -->The special problem of plastic Most plastics are chemically stable and do not readily break down, or decompose Special plastics have the ability to degrade or disintegrate (i.e., photodegradable and biodegradable plastics)

- Air pollution - Large quantities of ash are produced and must be disposed of properly - High cost

The conversion of organic waste into soil conditioners such as compost or mulch. Some of the benefits are that it lessens the waste in sanitary landfills, can be used to reclaim degraded land and for agriculture.

a) 17 trees b) 7000 gal of water c) 4100 kilowatt-hours of energy d) 3 cubic yards of landfill space

- Reducing the amount of waste; source reduction - Reusing products - Recycling materials - Integrated Waste Management

An aspect of waste management in which products are designed and manufactured in ways that decrease the volume of solid waste and the amount of hazardous waste in the soild waste stream.

aluminum cans

IWM uses a combination of the best waste management techniques to deal effectively with solid waste.; techniques that involve reusing, recycling, and reducing

a) acids b) heavy metals c) organic solvents d) radioactive waste

-A group of 75 similar chemical compounds formed as unwanted by-products during the combustion of chlorine compounds - are emitted in smoke and then settle on plants, the soil, and bodies of water; from there they are incorporated into the food web -are known to cause several kinds of cancer in laboratory animals -may have an effect on the human reproductive, immune, and nervous systems

-are a group of 209 industrial chemicals composed of carbon, hydrogen, and chlorine -oxicity tests reveals that they harm skin, eyes, reproductive organs, the gastrointestinal system, and are endocrine disrupters -Several studies suggest that PCBs may be carcinogenic

Federal government assist in the cleanup of sites that pose the greatest threat to public health and the environment

is the use of bacteria and other microorganisms to break down hazardous waste into relatively harmless components.

is the use of plants to absorb and accumulate hazardous materials from the soil