Enlightenment and Revolution – Flashcards
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Galileo Galilei
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Italian scientist who made astronomical observations that supported the theories of Copernicus
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Isaac Newton
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English scientist who discovered law of gravity
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Enlightenment
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intellectual movement that stressed reason and thought and power of individuals to solve problems
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Catherine the Great
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Russian empress who was considered the enlightenment deposit
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John Locke
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English philosopher who proposed that a government's power comes from the consent of the citizens and that citizens have the right to rebel against unjust rulers
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Montesquieu
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French writer who proposed the ideas of separation of powers and checks and balances in government
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Voltaire
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French philosopher who promoted freedom of speech
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Mary Wollstonecraft
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early proponent of women's right
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Neoclassical
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under the influence of the enlightenment, the grand ornate style in European art known as baroque gave way to a simple elegant style that was based on Greek and Roman ideas
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Federal system
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a form of government in which power is divided between national and state governments
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Declaration of Independence
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document in which American colonists asserted their independence from Great Britain
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Bill of Rights
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first ten amendments of the U.S. constitution
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Salons
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social gatherings where wealthy hostesses of Paris helped spread the ideas of the Enlightenment to educated Europeans
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social contract
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Thomas Hobbes called the agreement by which people create a government
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scientific revolution
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a new way of thinking about the natural world based on careful observations and a willingness to question accepted beliefs
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Scientific method
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a logical procedure for gathering and testing scientific ideas
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geocentric theory
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Aristotle's earth-centered theory of the universe
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heliocentric theory
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Copernicus's sun-centered theory of the universe
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List 3 new scientific instruments that were invented as a result of the scientific revolution
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*microscope * barometer *thermometer *printing press
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Explain differences between the geocentric theory and the heliocentric theory
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geocentric theory was earth-centered theory and heliocentric was sun-centered theory
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how did the enlightenment thinkers and writers set the stage for revolutionary movements
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by challenging long-held ideas about society and also by forming and popularizing new theories they also encouraged people to judge themselves
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the new intellectual movement that stressed reason and thought and the power of the individual to solve problems
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Enlightenment
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The group of social critics in Enlightenment France was called
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philosophers
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French philosopher Jean Jacques Rosusseu believed that the best form of government would be
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direct democracy
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Women's contributions to the Enlightenment included all except
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Running for office
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An influential French writer who wrote that "powers should be a check to power was
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Montesquieu
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French scientist who frequently targeted the clergy the aristocracy and government was
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Voltaire
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philosopher who believed that all people are born free and equal with rights of liberty life and property
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john Locke
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willingness of people to hand over their rights to a ruler in exchange for a law and order society
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social contract
