Encountering OT First Test – Flashcards
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Anthology
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A collection of written texts. Bible is anthology.
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Bedouin
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Nomadic peoples of the Middle East who travel during different season of the year. Today primarily Arabs and challenged by current city states boundaries
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Bethlehem
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Town near Jerusalem, Jesus was born here
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Betrothal
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contract agreed upon by two families concerning marriage details. Only breakable by divorce. Purchased by bride price. considered married by village people
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Cultural Context
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societal norms and all that jazz that happened back in biblical times that are reconstructed based on written texts and are key for interpreting biblical messages
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Inn
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mistranslated of the Greek term kataluma which is normally guest room
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Nazareth
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Marry and Joseph lived here according to Luke's Gospel, Located in Galilee (northern Israel)
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Protevangelium of James
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second century document written in large part to glorify mother of Jesus Mary.
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Bartering
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Negotiating a price for something
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Bride Price
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Price the dude's family would have to pay for the wife.
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Cities
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economic hubs for the surrounding villages. administrators collected crops for taxes. had fortified walls for urban elite.
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Divorce
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perogative of the husband. needed some of his buddies to be like yah and hes set.
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Dry Season
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Israel has two season., wet and dry. happens from May to September.
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Early Rain
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rain in November that allows farmers to plow
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Endogamy
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marriage to someone within one's social/clan group
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Exogamy
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Marriage to someone outside of on'es social/clan group
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Family Compound
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Group of houses occupied by members of extended family. built around a central courtyard area.
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Honor
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most important virtue for those people. prized even over wealth. inherent from one's parents but could be tarnished or gained depending on what you do.
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Hospitality
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provision of keeping another person on their travels. McDonalds and Cambells.
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House of the Father
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Title given to an Israeliste family compound-a reference to the oldest, ruling male of the clan
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Later Rain
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rain coming in February that is vital to crops to mature for harvest.
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Patronage
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a system wealthy people provide assistance to poor clients in return for service.
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Peasants
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poor people who comprised close to 95% of people
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Rainy season
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yeah. two season, its rainy. october to april.
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Shame
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publicly dishonored. loss of esteem in society. this affects the family too not just the person.
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Urban Elite
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wealthy top three to five percent of the population who lived in cities. owned much of the lakes.
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AD
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Anno Domini, in the year of the lord. same as CE calender
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CE
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Common Era. same as AD calender
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BC
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before chrism. same calendar as BCE
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BCE
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before common era, same calendar as BC
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Canaan
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Ancient name of the Isreal land.
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Central Highlands
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a mountainous area east of the shephelah. Jerusalem, is located in the central mountainous region.
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Coastal Plain
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level plain area of western Israel. next to Mediterranean Sea
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Dead/Salt Sea
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body of water fed by the Jordan River by containing no outlet.
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Eastern Highlands/ Transjordan Plateau
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plateaue east of the jordan river valley. land of gilead and moab. good sheep and goat pastures
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In situ
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as is, in archealogical terms. Not disturbed
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Jordan RIver
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river in eastern Israel that flows from sea of galilee south do dead sea
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Khirbet
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means "ruin". designates the mound of an ancient city where parts of buildings are visible above ground prior to excavation
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Jordan River Valley
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Canyon of the Jordan River having numerous canons that merge into it, east is transjordan, west if central highlands.
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Negev
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arid region in the southern part of Israel. means dry in Hebrew
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Northern Kingdom of Israel
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first ruled by Jeroboam I, when the northern tribes of israel seceded from rule of solom's son rehoboam. destroyed by assyria in the 8th century BCE
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Palestine
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name of the land of israel. comes from Greek Palaistina meaning land of the philistines. Romans called it Palestina which translates to palestine.
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Philistines
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people from the Aegean region who conquered and inhabited the coastal plain of canaan in the 12th century BCE.
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Sea of Galilee/Lake Kinneret
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lake in northern Israel that feeds water into the Jordan river.
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Sherds
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Pieces of broken pottery
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Southern Kingdom of Judah
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kingdom ruled by the descendents of Kind David with Jerusalem as its capital. Destroyed by babylonians in the 6th century BCE
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Stratum
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occupatino layer in an archealogical dig
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Tel
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means "mound" and designates a hill formed over centuries as a city was destroyed and rebuilt
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Trench
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method of excavating an archaeological site by digging trenches of certain widths that cur down through all strata of the tel
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Wadi
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stream bed that is only wet in the rainy season
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Apocrypha
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collection of texts that Catholics call dueterocanon. include variety of texts ranging from historical works such as macabees to wisdom books like sirach and wisdom. means hidden things
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aramaic
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scrip that many exiled judean people adopted during their sixth-century BCE exile in babylon.
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Bible
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comes from Greek "biblia" which means books. different for jews and christians.
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Deuterocanon
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catholic designation for the same books that protestans call the apocrypha. books were later added to the canon.
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Dynamic equivalence
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approach to translation in which translators attempt to provide meaning fro meaning renditions of biblical texts
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Greek
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language
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Hebrew Bible
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the collection of documents written, primarily in hebrew consisting of books from Genesis through Malichi. 3 sections: law, prophets and writings.
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Law (Torah)
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first 5 books of the hebrew bible, pivotal to jewish beliefs
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Literal translation
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a translation which translators seek to provide a word for word rendering of OG text.
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Masoretic Text
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title comes from Hebrew word Masorah, which means tradition. Masoretes copied manuscripts o the Hebrew scriptures and modern versions of the Hebrew bible are based on the masoretic textual tradition. accomplished this from 5th to 10th century CE
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New Testament
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second testament of the christian bible consisting of 27 books from Matthew to revelation.
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Old Testament
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collection of documents consist of genesis to malachi. protestant OT is same anthology of books found in the hebrew bible. catholic OT contains additional books called deuterocanon
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paraphrases
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approach to translationin which person atempts to communicate the meanings of biblical passages in modern vernacular in order to make the texts more lively and understandable
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Pentateuch
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first five books of the bible Genesis-Deuts
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Prophets (Neviim)
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second section of the hebrew bible which contains historical works such as Samuel, long prophetic works including Isaiah, Jeremiah and Ezekiel.
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Pseudepigrapha
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Pseudo=false, edigraph is a writing, hence title means falsley ascribing writings.
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Septuagint (LXX)
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Greek translation of the Hebrew Bible made in Alexandria, Egypt. Translation into Greek became necessary becuase so many of the Jews who lived outside of Israel could no longer understand Hebrew. Means seventy, so tis often abbreviated LXX.
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Tanakh
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acronym derived from the beginning letters of the titles of the three divisions of the Hebrew Bible: Law(torah), Prophets (Neviim) , and Writings (Ketuvim)
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Targums
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Aramaic paraphrases of books of the Hebrew bible. Made Judeans lost the ability to speak Hebrew while exiled in Babylon
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Testament
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means covenant. NT reflects on belief of the coming of Jesus, God established a new means of dealing with people. New contract for receiving salvation
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Torah
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word Torah literally means teaching. designate first five books of the bible. can also designate all books of the Hebrew bible or even entire body of Jewish law and teachings.
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Vulgate
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Latin translation of the Bible made by Jerome. served as the standard bible for the roman catholic church for over 1500 years. versia vulgate = "common translation"
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Writings (ketevim)
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last section of the Hebrew bible. consist of works of poetry such as psalms, proverbs, and Ecclesiastes and some later narrative works like chronicles
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Alexandrain texts
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most significant family of NT texts which were produced in or around Alexandria Egypt. best represented by 4th century manuscripts codex sinaiticus and coded vaticanus as well as early papyri, such as P66 and P75
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autograph
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OG text of a document
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Byzantine texts
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most popular family of NT manuscripts for centuries. Codex alexandrinus and Codex ephraemi
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Codex
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a precursor of the modern book with folded sheets of papyrus or parchment fastened together to form pages
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Cuneiform
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ancient neat eastern writing system in which scribes pressed wedge-shaped symbols into wet clay with an instrument called a stylus
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Dead Sea Scrolls (DSS)
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ancient Hebrew manuscripts hidden in clay jars in caves near Qumran by the Dead sea that were discovered by Beduoin
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Dittography
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accidental scribal repetition of one or more lines of text because the same word occurs at two places in close proximity to each other.
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Haplography
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accidental scribal omission of one or more lines of text
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Harmonization
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Intentional addition of material to make wording conform to a similar passage in another biblical text
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Hebrew Vowel Pointing
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system of markings designed by the Masoretes to designate vowel sounds, accents, and punctuation to accompany the consonants in Hebrew text of the Bible
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Minuscules
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copies of the Bible made with cursive letters that were smaller than they capitals used in uncials
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Mishnah
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written version of the Pharisees' oral traditions produced toward the end of the second century by a group of scholars in Tiberias led by Rabbi Judah
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Ostraca
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pieces of broken pottery that provided cheap writing surfaces for letters or other short messages
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Palimpset
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a recycled parchment in which the original text has been rubbed off and a later text written on the same surgace. comes from Greek expression meaning "rescraped"
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Papyrus
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paper-like material made from the pithy interior part of reeds that grow primarily in marshy areas along the Nile River
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Parchment
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writing surface made from a refined form of leather produced primarily from the hides of sheep and goats
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Permuation
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accidental substitution of a letter that resembles another-made by a scribe while copying a text
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Talmud
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authoritative collection of rabbinic texts containing the Mishnah and commentaries on the Mishnah called the Gemara. Contains legal mandates and edifying stories
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Text criticisms
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analysis of ancient manuscripts conducted by text critics
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Text critics
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scholars who examine and compare ancient manuscripts in an effort to determine the earliest and most accurate version of the manuscripts.
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Textus Receptus
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Eramus's critical edition of the Greek New Testament, which became known as 'the received text".
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Uncials
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manuscripts written in Greek with all capital letters. Copies of early NT manuscripts dating from the third to the tenth century that are written on parchment with these larger, more literary letters are the most important manuscripts of the NT
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Vellum
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fine-rained leather writing surface, more costly thatn normal parchment, made from calfskin, lambskin or kidskin
