question

Aneurysm

answer

A swelling or enlargement of a part of an artery, resulting from weakening of the arterial wall.

question

Aphasia

answer

The inability to understand and or produce speech

question

Aura

answer

A sensation experienced prior to a seizure; serves as a warning sign that a seizure is about to occur.

question

Brain Stem

answer

Controls basic functions of the body, such as breathing and blood pressure The Medulla Oblongata. regulates heart rate and breathing. houses cranial nerves 9 and 12. connects brain to spinal cord

question

Cerebellum

answer

Controls muscles, balance and body coordination

question

Cerebrum

answer

Part of the brain located above the cerebellum; divided into right and left hemispheres. 80% of Brain mass. Higher level brain functions; thoughts, emotions, memory, reasoning, language, and processing of sensory information.

question

Cerebrovascular Accident, CVA

answer

A interruption blood flow to the brain that results in the loss of brain functions and can cause: paralysis, speech problems, vision problems, possible seizure, difficulty swallowing, headache, unconsciousness. Also called a stroke

question

Coma

answer

A state of deep and often prolonged unconsciousness from which one cannot be roused

question

Dysarthria

answer

Slurred speech

question

Embolus

answer

A clot that forms in a remote area and breaks lose and travels through the bloodstream.

question

Febrile Seizures

answer

This is a type of seizure that is associated with fevers in children 6months- 5 years of age.

question

Generalized Seizures

answer

A seizure characterized by severe twitching od all of the body's muscles that may last several minutes or more; formerly known as a grand mal seizure

question

Hemiparesis

answer

Weakness on one side of the body

question

Hemorrhagic Stroke

answer

One of the two main types of stroke; occurs as a result of bleeding inside of the brain

question

Hypoglycemia

answer

A condition caused by a low blood glucose level

question

Incontinence

answer

Loss of bladder and/or bowel control; may be the result of a generalized seizure

question

Ischemic

answer

A lack of O2 in the cells of the brain that causes them to not function properly

question

Ischemic Stroke

answer

One of the two main types of stroke; occurs when blood flow to a particular part of the brain is cut off by a blockage inside a blood vessel.

question

Partial Seizure

answer

A seizure affecting a limited portion of the brain or one side of the brain.

question

Postictal State

answer

A period following a seizure that lasts between 5 and 30 minutes; characterized by labored respirations and some degree of altered mental status.

question

Seizure

answer

Generalized, uncoordinated muscular activity associated with loss of consciousness; a convulsion

question

Status Epilepticus

answer

A condition in which seizures recur every few minutes or at last more than 30 minutes

question

Stroke

answer

An interruption of blood flow to the brain that results in the loss of brain function; also called a Cerebrovascular Accident

question

Thrombosis

answer

Clotting of the cerebral arteries that may result in the interruption of cerebral blood flow and subsequent stroke.

question

Tonic-clonic-seizure

answer

A type of seizure that features rhythmic back and forth motion of an extremity and body stiffness

question

Transient Ischemic Attack, TIA

answer

A disorder of the brain in which brain cells temporarily stop working because of insufficient oxygen, causing stroke like symptoms that resolve completely within 24 hours of onset.

question

A _____ is typically characterized by unconsciousness and a generalized severe twitching of all of the body's muscle that lasts several minutes or longer

answer

Generalized seizure

question

The ______ controls the most basic functions of the body, such as breathing, blood pressure, swallowing, and pupil constriction

answer

Brain stem

question

At each vertebra in the neck and back, ______ nerves, called spinal nerves, branch out from the spinal cord and carry signals to and from the body.

answer

2 nerves

question

All of the following are associated with altered mental status Except

answer

A. coma B. seizure C. incontinence D. intoxication Answer is C, incontinence

question

When blood flow to a part of the brain is cut off by a blockage inside a blood vessel, the result is

answer

An ischemic stroke

question

Patients who are at the highest risk of hemorrhagic stroke are those who have?

answer

Untreated hypertension

question

Patients with a subarachnoid hemorrhage typically complain of a sudden severe.

answer

Headache

question

The plaque that builds up in atherosclerosis obstructs blood flow and interferes with the vessels ability to:

answer

A. constrict B. dilate C. diffuse Answer is B, dilate

question

A TIA, or mini-stroke, is the name to a stroke when symptoms go away on their own in less than:

answer

24 hours

question

Patients with a decreased LOC

answer

should not be given anything by mouth

question

Hypoglycemia can mimic conditions such as:

answer

Strokes

question

When assessing a patient with a history of seizure activity, it is important to:

answer

Determine whether this episode differs from any previous seizures

question

S/Sx of possible seizure activity including all the following Except:

answer

A. Altered mental status B. Incontinence C. muscle rigidity and twitching D. Petechiae Answer is D, petechiae

question

Common causes of altered mental status includes all of the following Except:

answer

A. Body temp abnormalities B. hypoxia C. unequal pupils D. hypoglycemia Answer is C, unequal pupils

question

The principal difference between a patient who has had a stroke and s patient with hypoglycemia almost always has to do with the:

answer

Mental status

question

Consider the possibility of _____ in a patient who has had a seizure.

answer

Hypoglycemia

question

______ are the second most common type of headache and are thought to be caused by changes in blood vessel size in the base of the brain

answer

Migraine headaches

question

Headaches, vomiting, altered mental status, and seizures are all considered early signs of?

answer

Increased intracranial pressure

question

People with ______ have a higher risk of hemorrhagic stroke

answer

Uncontrolled hypertension

question

Headaches caused by muscle contractions in the head and neck are typically associated with:

answer

Tension headaches

question

The following conditions may simulate a stroke Except:

answer

Hyperglycemia

question

When assessing a patient with a possible CVA, you should check the ______ first.

answer

Airway

question

A ________ is usually a warning sign that a larger, significant stroke may occur in the future

answer

Transient ischemic attack

question

Which mnemonic is used to check a patients mental status?

answer

AVPU

question

How would you Best determine the likelihood of the patient having a stroke?

answer

By using the Cincinnati Stroke Scale

question

Which of the following would Not be pertinent information regarding her condition?

answer

Asking the patient about childhood illnesses.

question

You ask the patient "what day is it today"? her replay is butterfly, which area of the brain is likely affected?

answer

Left hemisphere

question

If the receiving facility told you the cause of her stroke was due to a build up of calcium and cholesterol, forming a plaque inside the walls of her blood vessels, you would know that this patient has:

answer

Atherosclerosis

question

Treatment for this patient should include all the following Except:

answer

A. providing high flow O2 B. providing rapid transport C. continuously talking to the patient D. providing oral glucose Answer id D,

question

The postictal state following a seizure commonly lasts only about 3 to 5 minutes

answer

False, pg 572

question

A low O2 level can affect the entire brain, often causing anxiety, restlessness, and confusion

answer

True

question

Febrile seizure result from sudden high fevers and are generally well tolerated by children

answer

True

question

Hemiparesis is the inability to speak or understand speech

answer

False, pg 576

question

Patients with migraine headaches are sometimes sensitive to light and sound

answer

True

question

Right-sided facial droop is most likely an indication of a problem in the right cerebral hemisphere

answer

False, pg 572

question

Serious conditions that include headache as a symptom are hemorrhagic stroke, brain tumors, and meningitis

answer

True

question

A cerebral embolism is an obstruction of a cerebral artery caused by a clot that was formed somewhere else and traveled to the brain

answer

True

question

Hemorrhagic stroke is the most common type of stroke

answer

False, pg 571

question

Patients with a stroke affecting the right hemisphere of the brain can usually understand language, but their speech may be slurred

answer

True

question

Patients who have bleeding in their brain may have very low blood pressure

answer

False, pg 572

question

All seizures involve muscle twitching and general convulsions

answer

False, pg 573

question

A patient having a seizure may become cyanotic a lack of O2

answer

True

question

Patient with a decreased level of consciousness should not be given anything by mouth

answer

True

question

Hyperglycemia should be considered in a patient following a MVC with altered mental status

answer

False, pg 577

question

Psychological problems and complications of medications can cause altered mental status

answer

True

question

Patients who have had a stroke can lose their airway or stop breathing without warning.

answer

True

question

You should wait until you get an accurate pulse oximeter reading on a seizure patient before administering O2

answer

False, pg 584

question

Letting the hospital know the specifics regarding the patients neurologic symptoms is generally not important

answer

False, pg 584

question

A key piece of information to document is the time of onset of the patients signs and symptoms

answer

True

question

A patient who is experiencing aphasia is:

answer

A. experiencing a right hemisphere stroke B. usually conscious but has slurred speech C. Not able to swallow without choking D. unable to produce or understand speech. Answer is D, unable to produce or understand speech.

question

A patient who is possibly experiencing a stroke is Not eligible for thrombolytic therapy if he or she:

answer

A. has a GCS score that is less than 8 B. has had a prior heart attack C. has bleeding within the brain D. is older than 60 years old Answer is C, has bleeding within the brain

question

Febrile Seizures:

answer

A. are also referred to as petit mal seizures B. often result in permanent brain damage C. are usually benign but should be evaluated D. occur when a child's fever progressively rises. Answer is C, are usually benign but should be evaluated

question

Which of the following is Not an assessment parameter included in the Cincinnati Prehospital Stroke Scale?

answer

A. Memory B. Speech C. Facial Droop D. Arm Drift Answer is A, memory

question

Interruption of cerebral blood flow may result from all of the following, Except:

answer

A. Cerebral Vasodilation B. An embolism C. A thrombus D. An acute arterial rupture Answer is A, Cerebral vasodilation

question

An area of swelling or enlargement in a weakened arterial wall is called

answer

A. An aneurysm B. Atherosclerosis C. An embolism D. A thrombus Answer is A, aneurysm

question

You are caring for a 70 year old female with S/Sx of an acute stroke. She is conscious, has secretions in her mouth, and is breathing at a normal rate with adequate depth. You should:

answer

A. Use a bag-mask device to assist her ventilations. B. Suction her oropharynx and apply 100% O2 C. Place her on her side and prepare for rapid transport. D. Insert an oral airway, apply O2, and transport. Answer is B, suction and apply 100%

question

When obtaining medical history information from the family of a suspected stroke patient, it is Most important to determine:

answer

A. The patients overall medical compliance B. If there is a family history of a stroke C. When the patient last appeared normal. D. If the pt has been hospitalized before Answer is C, when the pt last appeared normal

question

A patient without a history of seizures experiences a sudden convulsion. The Least likely cause of the seizure is:

answer

A. Intracranial bleeding B. A serious infection C. Epilepsy D. A brain tumor Answer is C, Epilepsy

question

A generalized seizure is characterized by:

answer

A. Severe twitching of all the body's muscles B. A core body temp of greater than 103 degrees C. A blank stare and brief lapse of consciousness D. Unconsciousness for greater than 30 minutes Answer is A, severe twitching of all the body's muscles

question

The most basic functions of the body, such as breathing, BP, and swallowing, are controlled by the?

answer

A. Cerebral Cortex B. Cerebellum C. Brain Stem D. Cerebrum Answer is C, brain stem

question

The three major parts of the brain are the?

answer

A. Cerebrum, cerebellum, and brain stem B. Brain stem, midbrain, and spinal cord C. Cerebellum, medulla, and occiput D. Midbrain, cerebellum, and spinal cord Answer is A, Cerebrum, cerebellum. and brain stem

question

Which of the following medications is Not used to treat patients with a history of seizures?

answer

A Phenobarbital B. Carbamazepine or Tegretol C. Hydromorphone or Dilaudid D. Phenytoin or Dilantin Answer is C, Dilaudid

question

The left cerebral hemisphere controls?

answer

A. The right side of the face B. Breathing and blood pressure C. Heart rate and pupil reaction D. The right side of the body Answer is D, the right side of the body

question

Muscle control and body coordination are controlled by the:

answer

A. Cerebrum B. Brain stem C. Cerebellum D. Cerebral Cortex Answer is A, Cerebellum

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