question

Designated Agent

answer

p. 16 - An EMT or other person authorized by a Medical Director to give medications and provide emergency care. Such authorization is an extension of the Medical Director's license to practice medicine.

question

Evidence-Based

answer

p. 16 - description of medical techniques or practices that are supported by scientific evidence of their safety and efficacy, rather than merely on supposition and tradition.

question

Medical Direction

answer

p. 15 - Oversight of the patient-care aspects of an EMS system by the Medical Director

question

Medical Director

answer

p. 15 - A physician who assumes ultimate responsibility for the patient-care aspects of the EMS system

question

911 System

answer

p. 8 - A system for telephone access to report emergencies. A dispatcher takes the info and alerts EMS/FD/PD as needed

question

Patient Outcomes

answer

p. 16 - the long-term survival of patients

question

Protocols

answer

p. 15 - Lists of steps, such as assessments and interventions, to be taken in different situations. Are developed by the Medical Director.

question

Quality Improvement

answer

p. 13 - A process of continuous self-review with the purpose of identifying and correcting aspects of the system that require improvement.

question

Standing Orders

answer

p. 16 - A policy or protocol issued by a Medical Director that authorizes EMTs and others to perform particular skills in certain situations.

question

Enhanced 911

answer

p. 8 - Has the capability of automatically identifying the caller's phone number and location

question

Off-Line Medical Direction

answer

Standing orders issued by the Medical Director that allow EMTs to give certain medications or perform certain procedures without speaking to the Medical Director or another physician.

question

On-Line Medical Direction

answer

Orders given directly by the on-duty physician to an EMT in the field by radio or telephone.

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Contamination

answer

p. 25 - The introduction of dangerous chemicals, disease, or infections materials.

question

Critical Incident Stress Management (CISM)

answer

p. 39 - A comprehensive system that includes education and resources to both prevent stress and to deal with stress appropriately when it occurs.

question

Decontamination

answer

p. 42 - The removal or cleansing of dangerous chemicals and other dangerous or infectious materials

question

Hazardous Material Incident

answer

p. 41 - The release of a harmful substance into the environment

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Multiple-Casualty Incident (MCI)

answer

p. 38 - A single incident when there are multiple patients.

question

Pathogens

answer

p. 23 - The organisms that cause infection, such as viruses and bacteria.

question

Personal Protective Equipment (PPE)

answer

p. 24 - Equipment that protects the EMS worker from infection and/or exposure to the dangers of rescue operations

question

Standard Precautions

answer

p. 23 - A strict form of infection control that is based on the assumption that all blood and other body fluids are infectious.

question

Stress

answer

p. 36 - A state of physical and/or psychological arousal to a stimulus

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Ryan White CARE Act

answer

p. 32 - Requires a designated official within every emergency response organization to gather information about airborne or bloodborne disease exposures.

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This type of Hepatitis has no vaccine

answer

Hepatitis C

question

Acute Stress Reaction

answer

p. 36 - Occurs simultaneously with or shortly after a critical incident

question

Delayed Stress Reaction (PTSD)

answer

p. 36 - May occur at any time, days to years, following a critical incident.

question

Cumulative Stress Reaction ( Burnout)

answer

p. 36 - Occurs as a result of prolonged recurring stressors in work or private life.

question

The 5 Stages of Grief

answer

p. 40 - (In Order) Denial, Anger, Bargaining, Depression, Acceptance

question

Actions Required to Respond to Danger

answer

p. 43 - Plan, Observe, React

question

3 Rs of Reacting to Danger

answer

p. 44-45 - Run, Radio, Reevaluate Situation

question

Bariatric

answer

Having to do with patients who are significantly overweight or obese

question

Body Mechanics

answer

The proper use of the body to facilitate lifting and moving and prevent injury

question

Direct Carry

answer

A method of transferring a patient from bed to stretcher, during which thwo or more rescuers curl the patient to their chests, then reverse the process to lower the patient to the stretcher

question

Direct Ground Lift

answer

A method of lifting and carrying a patient from ground level to a stretcher in which two or more rescuers kneel, curl the patient to their chests, stand, then reverse the process to lower the patient to the stretcher

question

Draw-sheet method

answer

A method of transferring a patient from bed to stretcher by grasping and pulling the loosened bottom sheet of the bed

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Extremity Lift

answer

A method of lifting and carrying a patient during which one rescuer slpis hands under the patient's armpits and grasps the wrists, while another rescuer grasps the patient's knees.

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Power Grip

answer

Gripping with as much hand surface as possible in contact with the object being lifted, all fingers bent at the same angle and hands at least 10 inches apart.

question

Power Lift

answer

A lift from a squatting position with weight to be lifted close to the body, feet apart and flat on the ground, body weight on or just behind the balls of the feet, and the back locked-in. The upper body is raised before the hips, also called the squat-lift position.

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Recovery Position

answer

For unresponsive patients with NO suspected spinal injury - on their side so that vomit/oral secretions can drain out the mouth

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Stair Chair

answer

For moving patients around tight corners and up/down stairs. Places patient in a sitting position.

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Spine Board (Backboard)

answer

Used for patients in the supine/prone or standing positions and need spinal immobilization.

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Scoop Stretcher

answer

Splits into two pieces vertically, allowing the patient to be \"scooped\" by pushing the halves together under them. Does not have any support directly under the spine and is not recommended for patients with spinal injury.

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Basket/Stokes Stretcher

answer

Can be moved to move a patient from one level to another or over rough terrian. Should be lined with a blanket prior to placing patient in it, unless patient is on a backboard.

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Flexible/Reeves Stretcher

answer

Made of canvas or rubberized/flexible material, with or without wooden slats sewn into pockets, carrying handles on each side. Also may be known as Mega Movers or Shamu Tarps.

question

Vest-Type Extrication Device

answer

AKA Kendrick Extrication Device, used for immobilizing patients who are found in a seated position

question

Emergency Move

answer

Performed if the scene is hazardous, care of life-threatening conditions requires repositioning of the patient, or you must reach other patients. If possible, move the patient in line with the long axis of their body.

question

Urgent Move

answer

Required when the patient must be moved quickly for treatment of an immediate threat to life. Performed WITH spinal precautions.

question

Non-Urgent Moves

answer

Used when there is no urgent threat to life or scene hazards.

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Abandonment

answer

Leaving a patient after care has been initiated and before the patient has been transferred to someone with equal or greater medical treatment

question

Advance Directive

answer

A DNR order; instructions written in advance of an event.

question

Assault

answer

Placing a person in fear of bodily harm.

question

Battery

answer

Causing bodily harm or restraining a person.

question

Confidentiality

answer

The obligation not to reveal information obtained about a patient except to other health care professionals involved in the patient's care, or under subpoena, or in a court of law, or when the patient has signed a release of confidentiality.

question

Consent

answer

permission from the patient for care or other action by the EMT

question

Crime Scene

answer

The location where a crime has been committed or any place that evidence relating to a crime may be found

question

Do Not Resuscitate (DNR) Order

answer

a legal document, usually signed by the patient and his physician, which states that the patient has a terminal illness and does not wish to prolong life through resuscitative efforts.

question

Duty to Act

answer

An obligation to provide care to a patient

question

Ethical

answer

Regarding a social system or social or professional expectations for applying principals of right and wrong

question

Expressed Consent

answer

consent given by adults who are of legal age and mentally competent to make a rational decision in regard to their medical well being

question

Good Samaritan Laws

answer

A series of laws, varying in each state, designed to provide limited legal protection for citizens and some health care personnel when they are administering emergency care

question

HIPAA

answer

the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act, a federal law protecting the privacy of patient-specific health care info and providing the patient with control over how this info is used/distributed.

question

Implied Consent

answer

the consent it is presumed a patient or patient's parent/guardian would give if they could, such as for an unconscious patient or a parent who cannot be contacted when care is needed.

question

In Loco Parentis

answer

In place of the parents, indicating a person who may give consent for care of a child when the parents are not present or able to give consent

question

Liability

answer

being held legally responsible

question

Libel

answer

false or injurious information in written form

question

Moral

answer

regarding personal standards or principles of right and wrong

question

Negligence

answer

a finding of failure to act properly in a situation in which there was a duty to act, that needed care as would reasonably be expected of the EMT was not provided, and that harm was caused to the patient as a result.

question

Organ Donor

answer

A person who has completed a legal document that allows for donation of organs and tissues in the event of death

question

res ipsa loquitur

answer

A Latin term meaning \"the thing speaks for itself\"

question

Safe Haven Law

answer

a law that permits a person to drop off an infant or child at a police, fire, or EMS station or to deliver the infant or child to any available public safety personnel. The intent of the law is to protect children who may otherwise be abandoned or harmed.

question

Scope of Practice

answer

a set of regulations and ethical considerations taht define the scope, or extent and limits, of the EMT's job.

question

Slander

answer

false or injurious information stated verbally

question

Standard of Care

answer

for an EMT providing care for a specific patient in a specific situation, the care that would be expected to be provided by and EMT with similar training when caring for a ptient in a similar situation.

question

Tort

answer

A civil, not criminal, offense; an action or injury caused by negligence from which a lawsuit may arise

question

Abdominal Quadrants

answer

four divisions of the abdomen used to pinpoint the location of a pain or injury - RUQ, LUQ, RLQ, LLQ

question

Acetabulum

answer

pelvic socket into which the boll at the proximal end of the femur fits to form the hip joint

question

Acromioclavicular joint

answer

the joint where the acromion and the clavicle meet

question

Acromion Process

answer

The highest portion of the shoulder

question

Anatomical Position

answer

the standard reference position for the body in the study of anatomy. In this position, the body is standing erect, facing the observer, with arms down at the sides and the palms of the hands forward.

question

Anatomy

answer

the study of body structure

question

front of the body or body part

question

Aorta

answer

large blood vessel in mammals through which blood travels from the left ventricle to all parts of the body except the lungs

question

Appendix

answer

a small, fingerlike tube near the junction of the large and small intestines; contains a mass of white blood cells that contribute to immunity

question

Arteriole

answer

the smallest kind of artery

question

Artery

answer

any blood vessel carrying blood away from the heart

question

Atria

answer

the two upper chambers of the heart- the receiving areas that pool incoming blood.

question

Automaticity

answer

The ability of the heart to generate and conduct electrical impulses on its own.

question

Autonomic Nervous System

answer

the part of the peripheral nervous system that controls the glands and the muscles of the internal organs (such as the heart). Its sympathetic division arouses; its parasympathetic division calms

question

Bilateral

answer

on both sides

question

bladder

answer

round sac-like organ of the renal system used as a reservoir for urine

question

blood pressure

answer

measurement of the force exerted by the heart against the arterial walls when the heart contracts and relaxes

question

brachial artery

answer

artery of the upper arm, site of the pulse checked during infant CPR

question

bronchi

answer

the two large sets of branches that come off the trachea and enter the lungs. Right and Left Bronchi

question

Calcaneus

answer

Heel Bone

question

Capillary

answer

smallest blood vessel; brings nutrients and oxygen to the tissues and absorbs carbon dioxide and waste products

question

Cardiac Conduction System

answer

a system of specialized muscle tissues which conduct electrical impulses that stimulate the heart to beat

question

Cardiac Muscle

answer

Striated, involuntary muscle found only in the heart

question

cardiovascular system

answer

the body system that consists of the heart, blood vessels, and blood, and that carries needed substances to cells and carries waste products away from cells.

question

Carotid Arteries

answer

large neck arteries, one on each side of the neck, that carry blood from the heart to the head

question

Carpals

answer

wrist bones

question

Central Nervous System (CNS)

answer

brain and spinal cord

question

central pulses

answer

carotid and femoral pulses, which can be felt in the central part of the body

question

Clavicle

answer

collarbone

question

compound

answer

word formed from two or more whole words, such as small + pox = smallpox

question

coronary arteries

answer

blood vessels that supply the myocardium (heart muscle)

question

cranium

answer

top, back, and sides of the skull

question

cricoid cartilage

answer

ring-shaped structure that forms the lower portion of the larynx

question

dermis

answer

second (inner) layer of skin, rich in blood vessels and nerves, found beneath the epidermis

question

diaphragm

answer

muscular structure that divides the chest cavity from the abdominal cavity. A major muscle of respiration.

question

Diastolic Blood Pressure

answer

pressure in the arteries when the left ventricle is refilling

question

Systolic Blood Pressure

answer

pressure in the arteries when the left ventricle is contracting

question

Digestive System

answer

body system the breaks down food and absorbs nutrients

question

Distal

answer

farther away from the torso

question

Proximal

answer

closer to the torso

question

Dorsal

answer

referring to the back of the body or the back of the hand or foot. A synonym for Posterior

question

Dorsalis Pedis Artery

answer

artery supplying the foot, lateral to the large tendon of the big toe

question

Endocrine System

answer

system of glands that produce hormones that help to regulate many body activities and functions

question

Epidermis

answer

outer layer of skin. Primarily made up of dead/dying cells

question

epiglottis

answer

leaf shaped structure that prevents food and foreign matter from entering the trachea

question

epinephrine

answer

a hormone produced by the body. As a medication, it dilates respiratory passages and is used to relieve severe allergic reactions.

question

exhalation

answer

passive process where the intercostal muscles and diaphragm relax and the chest cavity decreases in size, causing air to flow out of the lungs

question

femoral artery

answer

the major artery supplying the leg

question

femur

answer

thigh bone

question

fibula

answer

lateral and smaller bone of the lower leg

question

Fowler position

answer

sitting position

question

Gallbladder

answer

sac on the underside of the liver that stores bile

question

humerus

answer

upper arm bone between shoulder and elbow

question

hypoperfusion

answer

Inadequate perfusion of the cells and tissues of the body caused by insufficient flow of blood through the capillaries.

question

ilium

answer

superior and widest portion of the pelvis

question

inferior

answer

away from the head, usually compared with another structure that is closer to the head

question

inhalation

answer

active process in which the intercostal muscles and the diapgragm contract, expanding the size of the chest cavity and causing air to flow into the lungs

question

insulin

answer

hormone produced by the pancreas or taken as a medication by many diabetics

question

involuntary muscle

answer

muscle that responds automatically to brain signals but cannot be consciously controlled

question

ischium

answer

the lower, posterior portions of the pelvis

question

joint

answer

the point where two bones come together

question

kidneys

answer

organs of the renal system used to filter blood and regulate fluid levels in the body

question

large intestine

answer

muscular tube that removes water from waste products received from the small intestine and moves anything not absorbed by the body toward excretion from the body

question

Larynx

answer

voice box

question

lateral

answer

to the side, away from the body's midline

question

ligament

answer

tissue connecting bone to bone

question

liver

answer

largest organ of the body, producing bile to assist in breakdown of fats and assisting in the metabolism of various substances in the body

question

lungs

answer

organs where exchange of atmospheric oxygen and waste carbon dioxide take place

question

malleolus

answer

protrusion on each side of the ankle - lateral and medial

question

mandible

answer

lower jaw bone

question

manubrium

answer

superior portion of the sternum

question

maxillae

answer

two fused bones that form the upper jaw

question

medial

answer

toward the body's midline

question

metacarpals

answer

hand bones

question

metatarsals

answer

foot bones

question

mid-axillary line

answer

line drawn vertically from the middle of the armpit to the lateral malleolus / ankle

question

mid-clavicular line

answer

vertical line through the center of each clavicle

question

midline

answer

imaginary line drawn through the center of the body dividing it into right and left halves

question

muscle

answer

tissue that can contract to allow movement of a body part

question

musculoskeletal system

answer

the system of bones and skeletal muscles that support and protect the body and permit movement

question

nasal bones

answer

nose bones

question

nasopharynx

answer

area directly posterior to the nose

question

nervous system

answer

brain, spinal cord, nerves that govern sensation, movement, thought

question

orbits

answer

eye sockets

question

oropharynx

answer

area directly posterior to the mouth

question

ovaries

answer

egg-producing organs in the female reproductive system

question

palmar

answer

referring the the palm of the hand

question

pancreas

answer

gland located behind the stomach that produces insulin and juices that assist in digestion of food in the duodenum of the small intestine

question

patella

answer

kneecap

question

pelvis

answer

basin shaped bony structure that supports the spine and is the point of proximal attachment for lower extremities

question

penis

answer

organ of male reproduction responsible for sexual intercourse and the transfer of sperm

question

perfusion

answer

The supply of oxygen to and removal of wastes from the cells and tissues of the body as a result of the flow of blood through the capillaries.

question

Peripheral Nervous System

answer

All those nerves that lie outside the brain and spinal cord. The sensory and motor neurons that connect the central nervous system to the rest of the body

question

Peripheral Pulses

answer

radial, brachial, posterior tibial, and dorsalis pedis pulses, which can be felt at peripheral points of the body

question

phalanges

answer

toe bones and finger bones

question

pharynx

answer

oropharynx and nasopharynx combined - directly behind the mouth and nose

question

physiology

answer

study of body function

question

plane

answer

flat surface formed when slicing through a solid object

question

plantar

answer

referring to the sole of the foot

question

plasma

answer

fluid portion of the blood

question

platelets

answer

components of the blood; membrane-enclosed fragments of specialized cells

question

posterior

answer

back of the body or body part

question

posterior tibial artery

answer

supplies the foot, behind the medial ankle

question

prone

answer

lying face down

question

pubis

answer

anterior portion of the pelvis

question

pulmonary arteries

answer

vessels that carry de-oxygenated blood from the right ventricle of the heart to the lungs

question

pulmonary veins

answer

vessels that carry oxygenated blood from the lungs to the left atrium of the heart

question

pulse

answer

rhythmic beats caused as waves of blood move through and expand the arteries

question

radial artery

answer

artery of the lower arm. felt when taking the pulse at the wrist

question

recovery position

answer

lying on the side, also known as lateral recumbent position

question

red blood cells

answer

carry oxygen to and carbon dioxide away from the cells

question

renal system

answer

regulates fluid balance and blood filtration. Also called urinary system.

question

reproductive system

answer

responsible for human reproduction

question

respiration (cellular)

answer

process of moving oxygen and carbon dioxide between circulating blood and the cells

question

respiratory system

answer

A system of organs, functioning in the process of gas exchange between the body and the environment, consisting especially of the nose, nasal passages, nasopharynx, larynx, trachea, bronchi, and lungs.

question

scapula

answer

shoulder blade

question

small intestine

answer

The muscular tube between the stomach and the large intestine, divided into the duodenum, the jejunum, and the ileum, which receives partially digested food from the stomach and continues digestion. Nutrients are absorbed by the body through its walls.

question

spleen

answer

organ located in left upper abd quadrant, blood filtration system and reservoir for blood reserves

question

sternum

answer

breastbone

question

stomach

answer

muscular sac between esophagus and small intestine that initiates digestion

question

subcutaneous layers

answer

fatty layers found below dermis

question

superior

answer

towards the head

question

supine

answer

laying on the back

question

tarsals

answer

ankle bones

question

tendon

answer

tissue that connects muscle to bone

question

testes

answer

male reproductive organs - used for sperm production

question

thorax

answer

chest

question

thyroid cartilage

answer

wing-shaped plate of cartilage that sits anterior to the larynx and forms the Adam's apple.

question

tibia

answer

medial/larger bone of the lower leg

question

torso

answer

trunk of the body, body without the head and extremities

question

trachea

answer

windpipe, structure that connects the pharynx to the lungs

question

Trendelenburg (shock) Position

answer

feet and legs higher than the head

question

Ulna

answer

medial bone of the forearm

question

ureters

answer

tubes connecting kidneys to bladder

question

urethra

answer

tube connecting bladder to vagina or penis for urine excretion

question

uterus

answer

female organ of reproduction used to house the developing fetus

question

vagina

answer

female organ of reproduction used for both sexual intercourse and as an exit from the uterus for the fetus

question

valve

answer

structure that opens closes to permit the flow of a fluid in only one direction

question

vein

answer

any blood vessel returning to the heart

question

venae cavae

answer

superior and inferior vena cava - two major veins that return blood from the body to the right atrium

question

ventilation

answer

process of moving gases between inhaled air and the pulmonary circulation of blood

question

ventral

answer

referring to the front of the body - synonym for anterior

question

ventricles

answer

two lower chambers of the heart - Right Ventricle sends de-oxygenated blood to the lungs, Left Ventricle sends oxygenated blood to the body

question

venule

answer

smallest kind of vein

question

vertebrae

answer

33 bones of the spinal column

question

white blood cell

answer

blood component that helps the body fight infection

question

xiphoid process

answer

inferior portion of the sternum

question

zygomatic arches

answer

bones that form the structure of the cheeks

question

voluntary muscle

answer

muscle that can be consciously controlled

question

aerobic metabolism

answer

The cellular process in which oxygen is used to metabolize glucose. Energy is produced in an efficient manner with minimal waste products.

question

anaerobic metabolism

answer

The cellular process in which glucose is metabolized into energy without oxygen. Energy is produced in an inefficient manner with many waste products.

question

cardiac output

answer

amount of blood ejected from the heart in 1 minute (heart rate x stroke volume)

question

chemoreceptors

answer

chemical sensors in the brain and blood vessels that identify changing levels of oxygen and carbon dioxide

question

dead air space

answer

air that occupies the space between the mouth and alveoli but that does not actually reach the area of gas exchange

question

dehydration

answer

abnormally low amount of water in the body

question

edema

answer

swelling associated with the movement of water into the interstitial space

question

electrolyte

answer

a substance that, when dissolved in water, separates into charged particles

question

FiO2

answer

fraction of inspired oxygen; the concentration of oxygen in the air we breathe

question

hydrostatic pressure

answer

pressure within a blood vessel that tends to push water out of the vessel

question

hypersensitivity

answer

exaggerated response by the immune system to a particular substance

question

metabolism

answer

the process through which an organism changes food into energy

question

minute volume

answer

amount of air breathed in during each respiration multipled by the # of breaths per minute

question

patent

answer

open and clear, free from obstruction (in reference to an airway)

question

pathophysiology

answer

study of how disease processes affect the body

question

plasma oncotic pressure

answer

the pull exerted by large proteins in the plasma portion of blood that tends to pull water from the body into the bloodstream

question

shock

answer

inability of the body to adequately circulate blood to the body's cells to supply them with oxygen and nutrients. Also called hypoperfusion. A life threatening condition

question

stretch receptors

answer

sensors in blood vessels that identify internal pressure

question

stroke volume

answer

the amount of blood ejected from the heart in one contraction

question

systemic vascular resistance (SVR)

answer

the pressure in the peripheral blood vessels that the heart must overcome in order to pump blood into the system

question

tidal volume

answer

the volume of air moved in one cycle of breathing

question

V/Q match

answer

ventilation/perfusion match. This implies that the alveoli are supplied with enough air and that the air in the alveoli is matched with sufficient blood in the pulmonary capillaries to permit optimum exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide

question

adolescence

answer

Ages 13-18 years, OR the transition period from childhood to adulthood, extending from puberty to independence.

question

bonding

answer

the sense that needs will be met

question

early adulthood

answer

19-40 years

question

infancy

answer

birth to 1 year

question

late adulthood

answer

ages 61 and older

question

middle adulthood

answer

from 41-60 years

question

Moro reflex

answer

when startled, an infant throws his arms out, spreads his fingers, then grabs with fingers and arms

question

Palmar reflex

answer

when you place your finger in an infants palm, he will grasp it

question

preschool age

answer

3-5 years

question

rooting reflex

answer

when you touch a hungry infant's cheek, he will turn his head toward the side touched

question

scaffolding

answer

building on what one already knows

question

school age

answer

6-12 years

question

sucking reflex

answer

when you stroke a hungry infant's lips, he will start sucking

question

temperament

answer

the infant's reaction to his environment

question

toddler phase

answer

stage of life from 12-36 months

question

trust vs. mistrust

answer

concept developed from an orderly, predictable environment vs. a disorderly, irregular environment

EMT – Brady’s Emergency Care 12th Edition

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