EL 316: chapters 6, 7, 8, and 9 – Flashcards
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Which of the following is an elaboration of the meaning of the word invention? A. Learning the correct pronunciation B. Saying invention and its meaning so as to not forget it. C. Carefully noting the spelling of invention. D. Judging the importance of several inventions.
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D. Judging the importance of several inventions.
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Bt the end of grade 2, the average student knows approximately ____ root words, though the range for students from the lowest to the highest quartile at the stage can be from ___ to ___ root words. A. 6,000; 4,000 to 8,000 B. 3,000; 1,500 to 4,500 C. 9,000; 8,000 to 10,000 D. 12,000; 10,000 to 14,000
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A. 6,000; 4,000 to 8,000
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Students often figure out a new word based on its more familiar root word, or encounter a word that is in their listening vocabulary but not in their reading vocabulary. They look for a part of the word they know, or they to think of a familiar word that is like the unknown word. What concept does this involve? A. Homophones B. Morphemic analysis C. Contextual clues D. Dictionary use
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B. Morphemic analysis
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It is estimated that the average young reader is able to use ___ successfully only 5 to 20 percent of the time, because even when the text's clues are fairly obvious, students fail to notice them. A. Syllabic analysis B. Morphemic analysis C. Dictionary analysis D. Contextual analysis
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D. Contextual analysis
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For word recognition, what should be used as a last resort? A. Phonics analysis B. Structural analysis C. Morphemic analysis D. Dictionary usage
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D. Dictionary usage
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Which of the following word learning tasks would be the hardest? A. Refining an earlier understanding of known words B. Learning new words representing new concepts C. Learning pronunciation of words recognized in print D. Finding new meanings for known words
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B. Learning new words representing new concepts
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Learning that in British English, a biscuit is the same as a cookie, would be an example of A. Learning a new concept B. Categorizing concepts C. Learning a label D. Expanding a concept
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C. Learning a label.
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Which is most helpful in learning he meaning of a new word? A. Hearing the word pronounced B. Learning synonyms C. Hearing the word Explained in context D. Seeing the word on a flash card.
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C. Hearing the word explained in context.
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What must happen for vocabulary study to have an impact upon comprehension? A. All the new words in the study must be introduced, preferably with a list at the beginning of the piece. B. Unfamiliar words must be identified, labeled, and connected to backgrounds or relationships. C. The selection must be read multiple times after the new words are introduced to avoid loss of comprehension. D. The selection must be simple, brief, and composed with one-syllable words.
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B. Unfamiliar words must be identified, labeled, and connected to backgrounds or relationships.
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Which of the following is a tier 2 word? A. Looked B. Peered C. Refracted D. Saw
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B. Peered
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Which of the following graphic organizers works best when two or three subjects are being compared, and similar traits Re being identified? A. Semantic map B. Pictorial map C. Venn diagram D. Labeled diagram
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C. Venn diagram
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The most effective approach for learning, new words, one that requires little planning or effort, is through A. Wide reading B. Vocabulary worksheets C. Graphic organizers D. Memorization of word lists
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A. Wide reading
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One of the most powerful word-attack skills is morphemic analysis, which is primarily concerned with A. Sight B. Meaning C. Spelling D. Sound
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B. Meaning
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Which technique is especially designed for students having difficulty with inferences? A. Monitoring B. Imaging C. Reciprocal teaching D. QAR
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D. QAR
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Juan has played soccer but has never played football. Football was not a popular sport where he grew up. Juan, who generally has little difficulty comprehending selections, is unable to answer most of the questions about a boy who leads his team to the state football championship. What seems to be the main source of Juan's difficulty? A. Juan has limited background knowledge for understanding the story B. Juan focuses on pronouncing the words correctly and so fails to read for meaning C. Juan has little interest in the story because he cannot identify with the main character D. Juan lacks adequate comprehension strategies.
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A. Juan has limited background knowledge for understanding the story
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Rereading, slow reading, and pausing during a confusing paragraph are examples of A. Regulating B. Checking C. Summarizing D. Repairing
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D. Repairing
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Reciprocal teaching includes the following A. Evaluating, confirming, imaging, comprehending B. Visualizing, setting goals, repairing, answering C. Inferring, confirming, repairing D. Predicting, questioning, clarifying, summarizing
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D. Predicting, questioning, clarifying, summarizing
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Which of the following methods focuses on content rather than strategy, occurs during reading rather than after reading, and uses a series of queries and moves? A. ReQuest B. QAR C. Reciprocal teaching D. QTA
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D. QTA
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The most important factor in comprehension is A. Clarity of the selection B. Quality of questions asked about the selection C. Reader's background knowledge about the topic of the selection D. Length and word count of the selection
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C. Reader's background knowledge about the topic of the selection
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Which of the following is an organizational strategy? A. Setting purposes B. Creating images C. Constructing the main idea D. Making predictions.
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C. Constructing the main idea
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According to research, the most effective organizational strategy for comprehension is A. Summarizing B. Comprehending the main idea C. Selecting or constructing the main idea D. Determine the importance of information
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A. Summarizing
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Which of the following is a preparational strategy? A. Activating prior knowledge B. Noting relevant details C. Seeking main ideas D. Summarizing key ideas
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A. Activating prior knowledge
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Duel coding refers to the process of A. Translating from second language to one's first language B. Putting text information into one's own words C. Both saying and writing answers D. Mentally representing a text in both words and images
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D. Mentally representing a text in both words and images
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Which elaboration strategy works with concrete ideas as students learn to picture concepts in their minds? A. Making inferences B. QAR C. Imaging D. Macro-cloze
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C. Imaging
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Most children first learn how to develop a scheme for stories through A. Writing stories B. Discussing the major elements of stories C. Reading stories D. Listening to stories
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D. Listening to stories
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The major differences between a guided reading lesson and a directed reading- thinking activity is in A. The type and length of the selection read B. The person deciding on the reading purpose C. The time spent in reading D. The balance of oral and silent reading
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A. The type and length of the selection read
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Which of the following techniques is best at getting students to use context and read for meaning on a sentence-by-sentence basis? A. Directed reading-thinking activity B. Guided reading C. Cloze D.KWL
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C. Cloze
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What is the main reason the Internet demands critical thinking skills? A. It uses sophisticated graphics, elaborate designs, and complex layouts B. It demands sophisticated skills in order to search for information and navigate through databases. C. It offers massive amounts of information, but much of it is not checked by anyone D. It provides access to great amounts of information from all over the world
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C. It offers massive amounts of information, but much of it is not checked by anyone.
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Which of the following signal words or phrases would likely indicate a comparison-contrast text structure? A. Since;because B. For example;for instance C. But;however D. Next;finally
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C. But;however
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According to the text's taxonomy of types of questions, which of the following levels requires making connections between the text and prior knowledge? A. Comprehending B. Monitoring C. Elaborating D. Organizing
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C. Elaborating
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Which questions are best for helping students activate schema and read with a purpose in mind? A. Questions asked at key stopping points during the reading of a selection B. Questions asked after a selection has been read C. Questions asked after each page has been read D. Questions asked before a selection is read
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D. Questions asked before a selection is read
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Which of the following is most likely to result in longer and more elaborate responses, higher level of though processes, and fewer no-responses and I-don't-knows? A. Wait time B. Varied questions C. Assisted questions D. Taxonomy of questions
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A. Wait time
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Which questioning procedures involves moving carefully from level to level to prompt for higher-level thinking processes? A. FELS B. Responsive elaboration C. Accountable talk D. Retelling
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A. FELS
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Responsive elaboration mainly attempts to A. Expand on students' organization skills B. Redirect students' reasoning C. Improve students' recall skills D. Expand on students' vocabularies
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B. Redirect students' reasoning
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Which of the following questions would be best at developing a deeper conceptual understanding of the topic of rivers? A. Where does the Nile river start and end? B. What is the largest river in the United States? C. How are rivers formed? D. How is a river similar to but different from a lake?
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D. How is a river similar to but different from a lake?
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Which technique is especially helpful for students who have little background to bring to a selection? A. Guided reading lesson B. DR-TA C. KWL d. Responsive elaboration
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A. Guided reading lesson
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Which elaboration strategy works with concrete ideas as students learn to picture concepts in their mind? A. QAR B. Making inferences C. Imaging D. Macro-cloze
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C. Imaging
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What sets content-area reading apart from other kinds of reading? A. Students must learn how to follow a strong narrative content B. Students learn new concepts in a content area and then apply this knowledge C. Students must read for longer periods of time D. Students encounter many more difficult words
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B. Students learn new concepts in a content area and then apply this knowledge
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Which of the following is the most throughly documented and widely used study technique in English-speaking countries, because it fosters both understanding and long-term retention of material being read independently A. KWL B. SQ3R C. Graphic organizers D, structured overview
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B. SQ3R
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What is test-enhanced learning? A. Setting a goal or getting a high mark on a test B. Testing oneself C. Preparing for s test by spending extra time studying D. Joining a study group to prepare for a test
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B. Testing oneself
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Metacognitin is an important part of study skills instruction primarily because it A. Helps students decide how and when to study B. Is motivational C. Teaches specific word-attack and vocabulary building skills D. Provides students with needed teacher guidenc
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A. Helps students decide how and when to study
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Students learn most of their content-area concepts through A. Taking part in demonstrations and other hands on activities B. Reading and discussing their textbooks C. Participating in simulations D. Hearing lectures on essential topics.
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B. Reading and discussing their textbooks.
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Which prereading technique would be most helpful when trying to get students to think about a controversial topic? A. Anticipation guide B. Predicting C. Directed reading-thinking activity D. Survey technique
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A. Anticipation guide
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Which technique was specifically designed to help teachers model comprehension processes? A. Survey technique B. Think-aloud C. Anticipation guide D. Structured overview
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B. Think-aloud
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Which of the following would provide the most help for struggling readers and English Language Learners? A. Summarizing strategy guide B. Cause-effect guide C. Pattern guide D. Gloss
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D. Gloss
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What is the main idea of thinking maps? A. They help students organize their thoughts B. They are motivation C. They are widely used at all levels D. They are easy to create and easy to learn
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A. They help students organize their thoughts
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Which of the following writing activities would best foster understanding and retention? A. Taking notes on Jefferson and Hamilton's concepts of governments B. Listing words involved in Jefferson's and Hamilton's concepts of government C. Comparing Jefferson's and Hamilton's concepts of government D. Copying Jefferson's and Hamilton's concepts of government
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Comparing Jefferson's and Hamilton's concepts of government
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Which of the following is an example of sheltered English? A. Using visuals and hands-on activities to foster understanding of concepts B. Limited number of concepts taught C. Requiring the use of English D. Focusing in textbooks and standardized tests in studying the English language
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A. Using visuals and hands-on activities to foster understanding of concepts
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The best technique for retaining information is A. Reading about it B. Using flash cards C. Making it meaningful D. Creating mnemonic devices
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C. Making it meaningful
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What is morphemic analysis?
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Morphemic analysis is determining a word's meaning through examination of its prefix, root, and/or suffix.
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What is a morpheme?
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A morpheme is the smallest unit of meaning. The word believe has one morpheme. Unbelievable has three morphemes: un-believe-able.
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What is contextual analysis?
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Contextual analysis is an attempt to derive the meaning of a word by examining the context in which the unknown word appears.
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What is an example of contextual analysis?
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"Salutations!" Repeated the voice. "What are they and who are you?" Screamed Wilbur. "Please, please, tell me where you are. And what are salutations?" "Salutations are greetings," said the voice, "when I say 'salutations' it's just my fancy way of saying hello or good morning." - Charlotte's Web; E.B. White
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What is a Tier 1 word?
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Tier 1 words are basic words that appear in everyday language. Because they are heard frequently in numerous contexts and with nonverbal communication, tier 1 words rarely require explicit instruction.
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What is an example of a Tier 1 word?
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Clock, baby, happy, walk
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What is a Tier 2 word?
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Tier 2 words are high frequency words used by mature language users across several content areas. Because of their lack of redundancy in oral language, Tier 2 words present challenges to students who primarily meet them in print.
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What is an example of a tier 2 word?
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Peered, obvious, complex, establish, verify.
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What is a Tier 3 word?
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Tier 3 words that are not frequently used except in specific content areas or domains. Tier 3 words are central to building knowledge and conceptual understanding within the various academic domains and should be integral to instruction of content.
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What is an example of a Tier 3 word?
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Medical, legal, biology, and mathematical terms are all examples of Tier 3 words.
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What is wide reading?
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Wide reading is exposing students to many genres of books.
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Why is wide reading important?
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Wide reading is important because this exposes students to more words and different kinds of pictures.
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What is QAR(question-answer relationship)?
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QAR is a strategy to be used after students have read. QAR teaches students how to decipher what types of questions they are being asked and where to find the answers to them.
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What are the four types of QAR?
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1. Right there. The answer is found within a single sentence in the text. 2. Put together. The answer is found in several sentences in the text. 3. On my own. The answer is in the students' background of knowledge. 4. Writer and me. A combination of information from the text and the reader's background is required to answer the question.
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What is repairing?
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In repairing, the student takes corrective action when comprehension falters. Repairing refers to taking steps to correct faulty comprehension.
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What is reciprocal teaching?
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Reciprocal teaching is a form of social-constructivist learning and cognitive apprenticeship in which students gradually learn key comprehension strategies by imitating and working along with the teacher.
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What is QTA (questioning the author)?
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QTA is a strategy that engages students actively with a text. Rather than reading and taking information from a text, the QTA strategy encourages the students to ask questions of the author and the text.
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What is dual coding?
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Dual coding is a theory of cognitive processing, information can be coded verbally and nonverbally.
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What is the Cloze procedure?
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The Cloze procedure is another approach to foster comprehension.
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What is classic Cloze?
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In classic Cloze, the teacher deletes words at random from a narrative or expository passage.
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What is scoring (exact and substitution) Cloze?
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Exact replacement: there is only one right answer. Substitution scoring: there are multiple right answers.
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What is DR-TA (directed reading thinking activity)?
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DR-TA is a comprehension strategy that guides students in asking questions about a text, making predictions, and then reading to confirm or refute their predictions. DR-TA process encourages students to be active and thoughtful readers, enhancing their comprehension.
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What is FELS?
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FELS is a question technique to evoke higher-level thinking process. F stands for focusing, E stands for extending, L stands for lifting, and S stands for substantiating.
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What does F stand for in FELS?
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F stands for focusing. Focusing questions direct students' attention. To a particular topic.
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What does E stand for in FELS?
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E stands for extending. Extending questions are designed to elicit clarification and elaboration. By extending students' thoughts on the same level, the teacher can encourage them to seek additional information about a character or event and clear up points of confusion.
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What does the L stand for in FELS?
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L stands for lifting. Lifting is the crucial stage. Through questioning or other means, the teacher lifts the discussion to a higher level.
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What does the S stand for in FELS?
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S stands doe substantiating. Substantiating questions ask students what evidence they found or what standards or criteria they used to draw a conclusion, make a judgment, or prove a point.
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What is Macro-Cloze?
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Macro-Cloze is where students use their background of experience and inferential reasoning to supply a missing sentence.
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What is SQ3R?
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SQ3R is survey, question, read, recite, and review. SQ3R helps study. Survey headings and summaries increases speed of reading, helps students remember the text, and provides an overview of the text. Asking a question before reading each question improves concentration. Reciting from memory immediately after reading slows down forgetting. Understanding major ideas and seeing relationships among ideas help comprehension and retention. Having short review sessions, outlining, and relating information to students' personal needs and interests are useful
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What is a gloss?
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A gloss is a special type of comprehension aid in which technical items or difficult concepts are explained in marginal notes. A gloss may define a hard word, explain a key idea, paraphrase a difficult passage, tap prior knowledge, or emphasize a key point.
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What is sheltered English?
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Sheltered English is a way of fostering the learning if English through the study if content areas for English Language Learners. As students learn science and social studies, they develop English language skills.
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What is ReQuest?
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ReQuest is one of the simplest and most effective devices for getting children to create questions. ReQuesting is also known as reciprocal questioning. The teacher and student take turns asking and answering questions.
