question

health care discipline that specializes in the promotion of optimal cardiopulmonary function and health

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respiratory care (respiratory therapy)

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prevent, identify, and treat acute or chronic dysfunction of the cardiopulmonary system

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RT role in health care

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hospitals (75%), clinics, physicians' offices, skilled nursing facilities, cardiopulmonary diagnostic labs, public schools

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RT areas of employment (6)

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American Association of Respiratory Care

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AARC

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"to encourage and promote professional excellence, advance the science and practice of respiratory care, and serve as an advocate for patients, their families, the public, the profession and the respiratory therapist"

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AARC mission statement

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National Board for Respiratory Care

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NBRC

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credentialing body for respiratory therapists (certification and registry exam)

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NBRC role in respiratory care

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RRT: registered respiratory therapist (advanced level) CRT: certified respiratory therapist (entry level)

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Name 2 types of RCP credentials

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CoARC

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body that oversees accreditation of RC programs

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Committee on Accreditation for Respiratory Care

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CoARC

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Inhalation therapists

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What were the first respiratory therapists called?

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ITA (Inhalation Therapy Association)

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What was the AARC first called?

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applying protocols or guidelines, ventilator adjustments, arterial line insertion and management, intubation, extubation, etc.. Various things that RTs are trained for can minimize cost and unnecessary care where an MD or PA would otherwise be needed

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In what ways can an RT function as a PA or physician extender?

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prominent pulmonary physician

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Who is David Pierson?

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Hippocrates

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known as the "father of medicine"

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Hippocrates

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Greek physician living during the 5th and 4th centuries BC

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phlegm, blood, yellow bile, black bile

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four essential fluids (Hippocratic medicine)

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Hippocrates

answer

believed air contained essential substance distributed to body via heart

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Hippocratic oath

answer

physicians are to follow certain ethical principles called this

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Aristotle

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first great biologist

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Erasistratus

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Developed pneumatic theory of respiration in Egypt

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Galen

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Anatomist who believed air had a substance vital to life

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Leonardo da Vinci

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Determined sub-atmospheric pressures inflated lungs

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Andreas Vesalius

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performed human dissections and experimented with resuscitation

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Joseph Black

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described properties of CO2

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Joseph Priestley

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describes his discovery of oxygen: "dephlogisticated air"

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Jacques Charles ("Charles Law")

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describes relationship between gas temperature and volume

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Thomas Beddoes

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uses oxygen to treat various condition at Pneumatic Institute

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John Dalton

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describes his law of partial pressures

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Gay-Lussac

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describes relationship between gas, temperature and pressure

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Thomas Graham ("Graham's Law")

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describes law of diffusion for gases

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Louis Pasteur

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advances his "germ theory" and suggests that some diseases were result of microorganisms

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William Roentgen

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discovers x-ray and opens door for modern field of radiology

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1940s

answer

technicians hauled O2 cylinders and apply 02 delivery devices (when?)

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1950s

answer

positive-pressure breathing devices applied to patients (when?)

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1960s

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formal education programs for inhalation therapists begins (when?)

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arterial blood gas

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ABG

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1974

answer

designation "respiratory therapist" becomes standard (when?)

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practice of RC originally in US and Canada now expands globally

answer

globalization of respiratory care

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1980

answer

Respiratory Care Week established nationally to promote profession and importance of good lung health

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1960s

answer

Development of sophisticated mechanical ventilators expand role of RT (when?)

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large-scale production of 02 developed by

answer

Karl von Linde

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1910

answer

oxygen tents first used oxygen tents first used (when?)

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1918

answer

O2 masks first used (when?)

question

1940s

answer

O2 therapy widely prescibed (when?)

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1960s

answer

Clark electrode first developed (when?)

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Clark electrode

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allows measurement of arterial PO2

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1974

answer

Ear oximeter invented (when?)

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1980s

answer

Pulse oximeter invented (when?)

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1960

answer

Venti mask to deliver specific FIO2 introduced (when?)

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Venti mask

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delivers specific FIO2

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1970s

answer

portable liquid O2 systems for long-term oxygen therapy (LTOT) in home introduced (when?)

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21st century

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further advances in home oxygen therapy equipment occurred when?

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1910

answer

aerosolized epinephrine introduced as treatment for asthma (when?)

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1940s-1950s (1940 and 1951 respectively)

answer

Isoproterenol and Isoetharine introduced as bronchodilaors (when?)

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1971

answer

Aerosolized steroids first used to treat acute asthma (when?)

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2000

answer

Levalbuterol (Xopenex) introduced (when?)

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dry powder inhalers

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DPI

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small volume nebulizer

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SVN

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1928

answer

Iron lung introduced by Philip Drinker (when?)

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inventor of Iron lung

answer

Philip Drinker

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1940s-1950s

answer

Jack Emersons develops improved version of iron lung used for polio victims (when?)

question

1950s

answer

Negative-pressure "wrap" ventilator introduced

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during anesthesia

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When was positive-pressure ventilation used originally?

question

1980s

answer

first microprocessor-controlled ventilators developed when?

question

first microprocessor-controlled ventilator

answer

Bennett 7200

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risk for VAP

answer

due to the use of endotracheal tube, mechanical ventilation increases what?

question

ventilator-associated pneumonia

answer

VAP

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non-invasive ventilation

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prevents risk of VAP

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1980

answer

William MacEwen successfully applied first endotracheal tube to patient when?

question

1913

answer

laryngoscope introduced when?

question

1941

answer

first suction catheter described when?

question

1970s

answer

low pressure cuffs for endotracheal tubes introduced when?

question

1800

answer

measurement of lung's residual volume first performed when?

question

1846

answer

first water-sealed spirometer developed by John Hutchinson when?

question

1967

answer

rapid arterial blood gas (ABG) becomes available when?

question

1980s

answer

polysomnography becomes routine when?

question

ITA > AAIT > AART > AARC

answer

ITA to AARC progression

question

1941

answer

ITA founded when?

question

1982

answer

AART became AARC when?

question

1980

answer

state licensure for RTs begins when?

question

state licensing laws

answer

Who sets minimum educational requirements and determine competence to practice?

question

state licensing boards

answer

who sets required amount of CEU's required to keep license to practice?

question

"AARC Times"

answer

AARC monthly science journal name

question

10

answer

How many specialty sections in AARC?

question

2002

answer

When did AARC, NBRC & CoARC formally express support for all RT's to seek and obtain RRT credential?

question

1950, Chicago

answer

when was first formal RT program offered and where?

question

1960s

answer

programs multiply and become hospital based when?

question

Associates degree

answer

minimum educational requirement to practice RC?

question

2003

answer

When did the AARC formally encourage development of baccalaureate and graduate ed in RC?

question

baby boomers

answer

What population will increase demand for RC services and RTs?

question

as they age, more will have asthma, COPD and other cardiopulmonary diseases

answer

why will baby boomers need RC?

question

-prevention -protocol administration -care plan development -disease management and rehabilitation -family and patient education -tobacco cessation counseling

answer

What will RTs of the future focus more on? (6)

question

David Pierson

answer

Who described what RTs of the future will focus more on?

question

answer 5 questions about future of profession

answer

Aim of "2015 and beyond"

question

1) How will patients receive health care services? 2) How will respiratory care services be provided? 3) What knowledge, skills, and attributes are needed by RTs? 4) What education and credentialing systems are necessary? 5) How can the profession transition with little impact on practicing RTs?

answer

5 questions about future of profession according to "2015 and beyond"

question

1) diagostics 2) chronic disease state management 3) evidence based medicine and RC protocols 4) patient assessment 5) leadership 6) emergency and critical care 7) therapeutics

answer

7 major competencies need by RTs by 2015

Egan Chapter 1 History of Respiratory Care – Flashcards

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