question

Executive control processes

answer

processes such as selective attention, rehearsal, elaboration, and organization that influence encoding, storage and retrieval of information in memory

question

Metacognition

answer

knowledge about our own thinking processes

question

KWL

answer

a strategy to guide reading and inquiry: Before -What do I already know? What do I want to know? After - What have I learned

question

Learning strategies

answer

a special kind of procedural knowledge - knowing how to approach learning tasks

question

concept map

answer

a drawing that charts the relationships among ideas

question

Cmaps

answer

tools for concept mapping developed by the Institute for Human and Machine Cognition that are connected to many knowledge maps and other resources on the Internet

question

Production deficiency

answer

students learn problem-solving strategies, but they do not apply them when they could or should

question

READS

answer

a five step reading strategy: Review: headings ; Examine: boldfaced words; Ask "what do I expect to learn"; Do it - Read; Summarize: in your own words

question

CAPS

answer

a strategy that can be used in reading literature: Characters, Aim of story, Problem, Solution

question

LINCS Vocabulary Strategy

answer

a strategy that uses stories and imagery to help students learn how to identify, organize, define, and remember words and their meanings

question

Problem

answer

any situation in which you are trying to reach some goal and must find a means to do so

question

Problem Solving

answer

Creating new solutions for problems

question

Schema-driven problem solving

answer

recognizing a problem as a "disguised" version of an old problem for which one already had a solution

question

Algorithm

answer

step by step procedure for solving a problem; prescription for solutions

question

Heuristic

answer

general strategy used in attempting to solve problems

question

Means-end analysis

answer

heuristic in which a goal is divided into subgoals

question

Working-backward strategy

answer

heuristic in which one starts with the goal and moves backwards to solve the problem

question

Analogical thinking

answer

heuristic in which one limits the search for solutions to situations that are similar to the one at hand

question

Verbalization

answer

putting your problem-solving plan and its logic into words

question

Response set

answer

Rigidity; the tendency to respond in the most familiar way

question

Functional fixedness

answer

inability to use objects or tools in a new way

question

Representativeness heuristic

answer

judging the likelihood of an event based on how well the events match your prototypes - what you think is representative of the category

question

Availability heuristic

answer

judging the likelihood of an event based on what is available in your memory, assuming those easily remembered events are common

question

Belief perseverance

answer

The tendency to hold on to beliefs, even in the face of contradictory evidence

question

Confirmation bias

answer

seeking information that confirms our choices and beliefs, while disconfirming evidence

question

Creativity

answer

imaginative, original thinking or problem solving

question

Divergent thinking

answer

coming up with many possible solutions

question

Convergent thinking

answer

narrowing possibilities to a single answer

question

Restructuring

answer

conceiving of a problem in a new or different way

question

Insight

answer

sudden realization of a solution

question

Brainstorming

answer

generating ideas without stopping to evaluate them

question

Critical thinking

answer

evaluating conclusions by logically and systematically examining the problem, the evidence and the solution

question

Argumentation

answer

the process of debating a claim with someone else

question

Transfer

answer

influence of previously learned material on new material; the productive (not reproductive) uses of cognitive tools and motivations

question

Overlearning

answer

practicing a skill past the point of mastery

question

Learning sciences

answer

an interdisciplinary science of learning, based on research in psychology, education, computer science, philosophy, sociology, anthropology, neuroscience and other fields that study learning

question

Embodied cognition

answer

theory stating that cognitive processes develop from real-time, goal directed interactions between humans and their environment

question

Constructivism

answer

view that emphasizes the active role of the learner in building understanding and making sense of information

question

First wave constructivism

answer

a focus on the individual and psychological sources of knowing as in Piaget's theory

question

radical constructivism

answer

knowledge is assumed to be the individual's construction; it cannot be judged right or wrong

question

Appropriating

answer

being able to internalize or take for yourself knowledge and skills developed in interaction with others or with cultural tools

question

Second wave constructivism

answer

a focus on the social and cultural sources of knowing, as in Vygotsky's theory

question

Constructionism

answer

how public knowledge in disciplines such as science, math, economics or history is constructed.

question

Community of practice

answer

social situation or context in which ideas are judged useful or true

question

Situated learning

answer

the idea that skills and knowledge are tied to the situation in which they were learned and that they are difficult to apply in new settings

question

Complex learning environments

answer

problems and learning situations that mimic the ill-structured nature of real life

question

Social negotiation

answer

aspect of learning process that relies on collaboration with others and respect for different perspectives

question

Intersubjective attitude

answer

a commitment to build shared meaning with others by finding common ground and exchanging interpretations

question

Multiple representations of content

answer

considering problems using various analogies examples and metaphors.

question

Spiral curriculum

answer

Bruner's design for teaching that introduces the fundamental structure of all subjects early in the school years then revisits the subjects in more and more complex forms over time

question

Scaffolding

answer

teachers and students make meaningful connections between what the teacher knows and what the students know and need in order to help the students learn more

question

Inquiry learning

answer

approach in which the teacher presents a puzzling situation and students solve the problem by gathering data and testing their conclusions

question

Problem-based learning

answer

methods that provide students with realistic problems that don't necessarily have "right" answers

question

Cognitive apprencticeship

answer

a relationship in which a less experienced learner acquires knowledge and skills under the guidance of an expert

question

Reciprocal teaching

answer

designed to help students understand and think deeply about what they read

question

Collaboration

answer

a philosophy about how to relate to others - how to learn and work

question

Cooperation

answer

way or working with others to attain a shared goal

question

Cooperative learning

answer

situations in which elaboration, interpretation, explanation, and argumentation are integral to the activity of the group and where learning is supported by other individuals

question

Reciprocal questioning

answer

students work in pairs or triads to ask and answer question about lesson material

question

Jigsaw Classroom

answer

a learning process in which each student is part of a group and each group member is given part of the material to be learned by the whole group. Students become "expert" on their piece and then teach it to the others in the group

question

Structured controversy

answer

students work in pairs within their four person cooperative groups to research a particular controversy

question

Service learning

answer

combines academic learning with personal and social development for secondary and college student

question

Cloud computing

answer

allows computer users to access applications such as Google document or Microsoft Web Mail, as well as computing assets such as network-accessible data storage and processing to use online applications

question

Virtual Learning Environments (VLE)

answer

a broad term that describes many ways of learning in virtual or online systems

question

Learning Management System (LMS)

answer

systems that deliver e-learning, provide tools and learning materials, keep records, administer assessments and manage learning

question

Personal Learning Environment (PLE)

answer

provides tools that support individualized learning in a variety of contexts and situations

question

Personal Learning Network (PLN)

answer

framework in which knowledge is constructed through online peer interactions

question

Immersive Virtual Learning Environment (IVLE)

answer

a simulation of real-world environment that immerses students in tasks like those required in a professional practicum

question

Massive Multi-player online games (MMOG)

answer

interactive gaming environments constructed in virtual worlds where the learner assumes a character role of avatar

Educational Psychology Chapter 9 and 10 – Flashcards

Unlock all answers in this set

Haven't found what you were looking for?

Search for samples, answers to your questions and flashcards