Educational Psychology Chapter 14: Classroom Assessment and Grading – Flashcards
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Evaluation
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Judgement about qualities of student performance, teaching strategies, or large scale educational interventions based on comparing data with standards.
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Measurements
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An indicator of how much of a feature is present, expressed as a rank or a number.
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Assessment
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Procedures used to obtain information about student performance.
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Norm-references testing
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Testing in which individuals scores are compared with the average performances of others.
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Norm-Group
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A group whose average score serves as a standard for evaluating any student's score on a test.
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Specialist are using the term ___________________ to describe the process of gathering information about student's learning
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assessments
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at least _____ types of norm groups are used to reference points for interpreting an individual's score on a test.
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three
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Criterion-referenced testing
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Testing in which individuals' scores are compared with predefined standards of performance.
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What is an example of criterion-referenced testing?
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A student getting their drivers license.
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Standardized Testing
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Tests administered under uniform conditions and scored according to uniform procedures.
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What are the two special qualities of a standardized testing.
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They are administered to student's under precisely defined and carefully controlled conditions. Secondly, every student's test answer are scored in a consistent and reliable way.
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Achievement Test
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Tests measuring how much students have learned in a given content area.
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Aptitude Test
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Tests meant to predict future performance.
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Aptitude
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Capability for learning knowledge or skills in a particular setting
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What are aptitude test intended for?
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They provide a score that helps predict how well, fast, and how accurately a student can perform.
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Diagnosis
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Description of a student's current knowledge, skills, or abilities.
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Formative Assessment
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Ungraded assessments used before or during instructions to aid the teacher in planning and adapting teaching methods.
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Pretest
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Formative knowledge of students knowledge, readiness, or abilities.
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Summative Assessment
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Testing that follows instructions and assesses achievement.
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Reliability
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Consistency of test results
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Standard Error of Measurement
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A measured of unreliability representing how much variability there is in an average student's test scored around the students score if it could be measured without error.
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Confidence interval
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A range of scores within which a student's particular test score is likely to fall.
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Validity
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Degree to which a particular use of a test score is justified by evidence.
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Curriculum Alignment
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The quality and degree to which an achievement test's items correspond to the curriculum that students are taught in school.
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Assessment Bias
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Qualities of an assessment instrument that offend or unfairly penalize a group of students because of the students' gender, socioeconomic status, race, ethnicity, etc.
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Objective Testing
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The kind of tests that do not require interpretation in scoring, such as multiple-choice, true/false, short answer, and fill in the blank.
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Stem
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The question part of a multiple-choice item.
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Distractors
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Wrong answers offered as choices in a multiple-choice item.
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T/F: Essay tests cover less material than objective tests.
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True.
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Authentic Assessments
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Assessment procedures that test skills and abilities as they would apply in real-life situations.
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Performance Assessments
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Any form of assessment that requires students to carry out an activity or to produce a product in order to demonstrate learning.
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Portfolio
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A collection of the student's work in an area, showing, growth, self-reflection, and achievement.
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Exhibition
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A performance test or demonstration of learning that is public and usually takes an extended period of time to prepare.
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Scoring Rubic
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Rules that are used to determine the quality of a student performance.
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Informal Assessments
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Ungraded, but formative, assessments that involve gathering information from multiple sources to help teachers make decisions.
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Norm-referenced grading
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Assessment of students' achievement in relation to one another or to a defined group.
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Grading on the curve
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Norm-referenced grading that compares students performance with an average level.
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Criterion-referenced grading
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Assessment of each student's mastery of each course objective.
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Contract system
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System in which each student works for a particular grade according to agreed-upon standards
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Revise Option
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In a contract system, the chance to revise and improve work.
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Dual marking system
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System of assigning two grades, one reflection achievement and the other reflecting effort, attitude and, actual ability.
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Individual learning expectation (ILE)
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Personal average score.
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Halo Effect
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The tendency for a general impression of a person to influence our perception of any aspect of that person
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What are alternates to traditional grading systems?
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They are contract and dual marking approaches.
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Percentage grading
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System of concerting class performances to percentage scores and assigning grades based on predetermined cut-off points.
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T/F: The percentage and point grading systems are not flawed.
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False
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What is the difference between norm-referenced and criterion reference tests.
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In norm-referenced tests, a student's performance is compared with the average performance of others while in criterion reference testing, the scores are compared with pr-established standard.
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Are test scores reliable?
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A test score is only an estimate of a student's hypothetical true score.
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What is the traditional assessment in a classroom?
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It is objective testing.
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What are the alternates to traditional assessment?
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Authentic assessment, portfolios, and exhibitions.
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T/F: Can grading be either criterion-referenced or norm-referenced?
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True
