Educational Psychology Ch10: Theories in Motivation – Flashcards
Unlock all answers in this set
Unlock answersquestion
Importance of Motivation in Education
answer
Correlation between motivation and achievement
question
Motivated students do this/have this (3)
answer
1. positive attitude toward school; school is satisfying 2. persist on difficult tasks and have few management problems 3. process info in depth and excel in classroom learning experiences
question
Motivation
answer
an internal state that arouses, directs, and maintains behavior
question
Types of motivation
answer
Extrinsic and intrinsic
question
Extrinsic Motivation
answer
desire to engage in an activity as a means to a reinforcement; get something
question
Intrinsic Motivation
answer
desire to engage in an activity for its own sake; you like doing it
question
To internally motivate (4)
answer
1. present a challenge 2. give the learner control 3. evoke curiosity 4. involve creativity
question
Behavioral Theories
answer
focuses on changes in behavior that result from experiences with the environment; reinforcers - what do you get?
question
Humanistic Theories
answer
emphasizes people's attempts to fulfill their total potential as human beings
question
Cognitive Theories
answer
examines people's expectations and beliefs and their attempts to understand how the world works
question
Questions to ask about motivation (5)
answer
1. what choices do people make about their behavior? 2. How long does it take to get started? 3. What is the intensity or level of involvement in the chosen activity? 4. What causes a person to persist or give up? 5. What is the individual thinking and feeling while engaged int he activity?
question
Positives and Negatives of rewards
answer
(+) motivation; communicate increasing competence (-) controlling behavior or participation rewards decrease motivation (-) decreases base motivation for internally interesting stuff
question
Sociocultural Motivation
answer
emphasizes participation in communities of practice; students are motivated to learn if they are members of a classroom or school community that values learning
question
Humanistic Psychology
answer
Maslow: motivation = people's attempt to fulfill their total potential as human beings and to encourage people's inner resources: their sense of competence, self-esteem, autonomy and self-actualization; you just want to be good at something
question
Maslow's Hierarchy
answer
Deficiency Needs: Survival, Safety, Belonging, Self-Esteem Being Needs: Intellectual Achievement, Aesthetic Appreciation
question
Unconditional, Positive Regard
answer
belief that someone is worthwhile and appreciated regardless of behavior
question
Resiliency
answer
base needs not met + you have someone who has one person in your life that cares about you
question
Instructional Strategies to Promote Self-Actualization (4)
answer
1. treat students as people first, students second 2. recognize that students are separate from their behavior. You like them, but don't always appreciate their behavior 3. Create safe, orderly classrooms with the expectation and opportunity for learning 4. keep students perspectives in mind
question
Cognitive Theories of Motivation
answer
focus is on learner's beliefs, expectations, and needs for order, predictability, and understanding. Motivation is seen as internal. Behavior is determined by our thinking and to our interpretation of events (rather than external conditions) *Cognitive Dissonance* People are active and curious, searching for information to solve personally relevant problems
question
Locus of Control
answer
how much responsibility you accept fro actions; things we can't control, but try to get students to get control; internal & external, stable & unstable, controllable & uncontrollable
question
Expectancy x Value Theory
answer
expectation of reaching a goal and the value of the goal to the person
question
Self-Efficacy Theory
answer
belief about one's own capability to organize and complete actions required to accomplish a specific type of task; if you think you can't do it, you wont' be motivated - better at something = more likely to do it
question
Factors that influence self-efficacy (4)
answer
1. Past performance on similar tasks 2. Observing the modeling on similar tasks 3. Verbal persuasion 4. Physiological factors (e.g. fatigue or hunger)
question
Self-Efficacy effects (6)
answer
Task orientation, effort, persistence, beliefs, strategy use, performance
question
Goal
answer
an outcome an individual hopes to succeed (i.e. understand, socialize)
question
Learning Goals
answer
focuses on mastery of a task, improvement, & increased understanding
question
Performance Goals
answer
focuses on competence or ability and how ti compares to the competence or ability of others
question
Entity View of Intelligence vs Incremental View of Intelligence
answer
do you believe people can get smarter
question
Types of Goals (3)
answer
Entity View of Intelligence vs Incremental View of Intelligence, Social Goals, work-avoidance goals (how little work can I do)
question
Goals are made up of (3)
answer
1. Motivation 2. Self-Efficacy 3. Achievement
question
Goal Orientation
answer
Mastery Approach (mastering) & Performance Approach (being the best); Mastery Avoidance (just don't be wrong; don't do it incorrectly) & Performance Avoidance (avoid looking stupid; don't want to be the worst) - these are different in different situations
question
To reach goals (3)
answer
1. Set specific, immediate, realistic, and moderately challenging goals 2. Choose appropriate strategies (disregard any that are not working) 3. Monitor the progress in regards to time, quality, and understanding ALL METACOGNITION
question
Self-Determination Theory
answer
having choices and making decisions is intrinsically motivating; competence, control/autonomy, relatedness
question
Glasser's Theory on Motivation (6)
answer
all need love, belonging, freedom, power, survival, and fun in different quantities
question
Affective factors in motivation
answer
1. self-worth 2. anxiety 3. curiosity
question
Three types of self-worth divisions
answer
1. Mastery-Oriented 2. Failure-accepting - :( 3. Failure-avoiding
