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4-6 member groups with high, average, and low achieving students in each group, proportional group representation of gender and ethnic composition with high, moderate and low socially competent students

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What is the composition of Slavin's approach to cooperative learning?

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When the teacher does not directly answer student's questions but gives clues as to how they can find the answer themselves.

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What is controlled floundering?

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This model emphasizes student diversity and student choice within groups, however, group composition is not as systematically controlled in this approach.

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What is the composition of Kohn's approach to cooperative learning?

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Kohn sees the competitive approach as counter-productive both for individuals and as groups.

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How does Kohn see the competitive approach?

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Kohn emphasizes only intrinsic reinforcement, extrinsic reinforcement is regarded as a bribe.

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How are extrinsic rewards viewed in Kohn's approach?

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The notion that your work benefits others in a group and their work benefits you.

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Positive Interdependence

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This includes sharing one's knowledge with classmates, discussing concepts, explaining how to solve problems. This type of study is more effective than either asynchronous or synchronous online group study.

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Face-to-face promotive interaction

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Low achievers and average achievers have gained in test performance under a cooperative learning arrangement but high achievers usually have not.

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Cooperative learning research in 210

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Students who participate in effective cooperative groups increase their feelings of acceptance, self-esteem, sense of control over their success at school and open-mindedness towards other's ideas.

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Personal benefits of cooperative learning

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Group study plus group reward and individual accountability for performance.

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What is the most effective task reward structure?

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When students participate in group study with only individual contingencies applied, they seek information from one another but may have little motivation to share their personal knowledge with others.

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What is challenging about group performance with only individual reward contingencies?

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The tutees can earn points for their team by responding to teacher-designed tasks presented by tutors. Pairs work together for 20-30 minutes, 3-5 days a week and rotate roles. CWPT includes new partners each week, daily sessions and reciprocal roles within sessions.

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What are the logistics of Class Wide Peer Tutoring?

question

It has greater potential for increasing daily academic engagement of diverse learners than do many teacher-based methods requiring comparable effort and cost.

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Is Class Wide Peer Tutoring effective?

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Peer tutoring is one of the most powerful procedures for promoting academic achievement of both tutors and tutees. Peer tutoring is not for delivering new content but for clarifying and practicing academic skills.

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What are the affects of generic peer tutoring on academic achievement?

question

They are best taught before students are put into cooperative learning groups. It should be taught one or two skills at a time and modeling is crucial and an attempt at developing a classroom culture with respect and concern for others should be practiced daily should be made.

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How should social skills be taught?

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Gifted children typically have good social skills, often better than average.

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Do gifted children typically have better than average or worse than average social skills?

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Students who are bullied and become isolated from the mainstream school culture are most likely candidates for committing school violence and those who commit high-profile acts of violence have almost always made their intentions known to peers though direct or indirect communications.

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What is a main contributor to school violence?

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The Supreme Court ruled that research on violent video games did not "prove that violent video games cause minors to act aggressively"

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What was the U.S Supreme Court ruling about violence in video games?

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Aggressive models have produced more aggressive imitation than simultaneous combination of both cooperative and aggressive models.

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Does modeling aggression have a significant effect?

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Frustration accentuated differences in aggression but frustration on it's own per se had no direct effects on aggressive behavior.

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Does frustration have a significant effect on aggression?

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Research generally shows that a decrease in anger following catharsis increases the probability of aggressive behavior in future high-anger situations.

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Does catharsis have a significant effect on aggression?

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They are highly subjective and are affected by social desirability.

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What is the problem with self-reports?

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Students are assigned positions to discuss, these positions do not need to be one's personal views, then present the ideas. Next the students learn the opposing sides of the case and present those then finally the class comes together and seek consensus.

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How does structured controversy work?

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The advantages are perspective taking, improved relationships among participants, improved creativity, and improved critical thinking skills.

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What are the advantages of structured controversy?

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The disadvantages are that it takes a lot of time (2-3 hours to cover all phases of one issue), it may address sensitive issues that raise concern among some students and parents.

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What are the disadvantages of structured controversy?

question

An active approach to parenting with a high need for control and obedience. Parents closely monitor their child's behavior and have strict guidelines for behavior and strict consequences.

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Authoritarian parenting

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An active approach to parenting with strong commitment to promoting the child's well-being. It starts with strict rules and consequences but parents increasingly allow children to make their own decisions.

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Authoritative parenting

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An active approach to parenting where the parent is emotionally involved with the child, but the parent seeks to please the child and protect the child from all discomfort.

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Indulgent or permissive parenting

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Very passive approach to parenting where few demands regarding the child's behavior are made by the parents.

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Uninvolved parenting

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Neither, active listening is equally important in both situations.

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Is active listening more important in professional or personal situations?

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It specifically gets kids talking about both sides of the argument.

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Why is structured controversy important?

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Mainstream family values is a euphemism for implicit racism.

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What do mainstream family values mean?

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Disabled students get the most from cooperative groups and they perform better with cooperative learning groups than if they were alone.

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From the source, Peers Helping Peers, what does it claim about disabled students?

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Permissive parents

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Which parenting style is most likely to spoil their children?

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Authoritative

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Which of the four parenting styles increases good grades in school?

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The kids who are bullied are more likely to commit acts of school violence.

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Are kids who are bullied or who bully more likely to commit acts school violence?

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Cooperative learning takes time to teach and implement, which they don't have, and in some cases cooperative learning might not fit the curriculum.

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What is one of the main reasons teachers are against cooperative learning?

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That teachers should include cooperative learning but that they should not only teach with cooperative learning techniques.

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In the source, Abused and Overused, what does it say about the cooperative learning technique?

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They can develop heart issues later on in life.

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What can happen to people who constantly interrupt people?

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Being assertive argues against ideas while being aggressive argues against the people who had the ideas.

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What is the difference between being assertive and aggressive?

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The direction of social interaction.

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What information do sociograms tell us?

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Classroom observations.

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What is the most accurate assessment method of social interaction in schools?

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The projection method.

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Which assessment method relies most on clinical judgement?

question

The "draw a family" test or the "house, person, tree test"

answer

What are some examples of projective tests?

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Yes.

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Does modeled aggressive behavior effect actual behavior?

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Higher blood pressure and a decrease in coordination.

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What are the affects of violent video games?

question

They are more intense because of active involvement.

answer

Why are violent video games more intense than other forms of violent media?

question

Criterion

answer

Which is best associated with peer tutoring, criterion or normative?

question

Peer review.

answer

What is Class Wide Peer Tutoring best classified as?

question

Consensus.

answer

What is the most difficult part of structure controversy to achieve?

question

Asking questions.

answer

What characterizes active listening?

question

Socialization

answer

For girls, what is an important part of social relationships?

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Competition

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For boys, what is an important part of social relationships?

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1. Girl and mom. 2. Boy and mom. 3. Child and dad.

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What is the order of child to parent attachment?

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Use small terms.

answer

What is the most effective way to resolve conflict?

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Kohn

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Who supports creative problem solving, Slavin or Kohn?

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Require participation in cooperative learning groups.

answer

What should teachers do with students who resist cooperative learning groups?

question

Yes.

answer

Do states with the most strict gun laws have the lowest death rate by guns?

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Yes.

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Do states with liberal gun laws have the highest death rate by guns?

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Diversity within the groups.

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Slavin's and Kohn's cooperative learning models both emphasize what?

question

Monitor group activity to make sure groups remain on-task.

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Once students start to work on a Slavin-type task, the teacher's role primarily is to what?

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May be most needed by students who are the most resistant to cooperative learning activities.

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A defensible conclusion from the information presented in this unit would be that the Slavin formats is what?

question

The reward contingencies largely determine the impact of extrinsic rewards on cooperative behavior.

answer

Robert Slavin would be most likely to subscribe to which of the following views regarding the impact of extrinsic rewards on cooperative behavior?

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Group investigation

answer

Which of the following group structures most closely corresponds to Kohn's humanistic approach to cooperative learning?

question

A combination group-individual reward contingency.

answer

An overriding conclusion from Slavin's research on cooperative learning is that, compared to working individually, working together yields generally higher performance under what?

question

Extrinsic rewards for a combination of individual and group performance

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Within the framework of Slavin's model, reward conditions affect interpersonal relationships in much the same way as they affect academic performance. According to this research finding, which of the following reward conditions is likely to develop the strongest bonding within a group?

question

Jigsaw II

answer

Positive task interdependence would likely be highest in which of the following cooperative formats?

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Have increased opportunity to both teach and to learn from one another.

answer

A common dimension of the cooperative learning groups is that students do what?

question

That students are likely to have greater control over the composition of their groups and the way they work together under Kohn's than Slavin's approach.

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An accurate comparison of Robert Slavin's and Alfie Kohn's approaches to cooperative learning indicates what?

question

Work better than those who work in a group under some reward circumstances.

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With respect to the impact of working independently versus in a group, one could expect students who work independently to do what?

question

Peers can be especially helpful in clarifying and practicing skills introduced by the teacher.

answer

A balanced evaluation of peer tutoring would likely point to what conclusions?

question

The attempt of African Americans to work their way up in a large company is more likely to be adversely affected by implicit than explicit racism in the company.

answer

Research on racism review in the instructor notes points to which of the following trends?

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That deliberate practice is as necessary for developing social skills as for other kinds of skills.

answer

What is something that one could reasonably conclude from the information presented in class regarding social skills development?

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They may reveal facets of a child's experience that the child would not reveal under direct questioning.

answer

A major reason for using such projective techniques as draw a family is that they do what?

Educational Psychology 210 UTK Unit B – Flashcards

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