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Cattell proposed that general intelligence ("g") is composed of two distinct components. These are ___________ intelligence and _____________ intelligence
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fluid ; crystallized
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Laura has a good understanding of how she is likely to respond emotionally in various situations. She is also very aware of what motivates her behaviors and intentions. Gardner would say that Laura has a high level of ____________________ intelligence.
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intrapersonal
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Twin studies show that monozygotic (identical) twins raised separately have similar IQ scores. This evidence:
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shows that it is partially genetic
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Studies of identical twins show that twins raised together are more similar in IQ than twins raised separately. This evidence
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it also has to do with effects of home evironment
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The Flynn effect refers to a gradual:
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increase in intelligenct test performance observed in many countries over the past several decades
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Which one of the following statements most accurately describes what developmental theorists mean when they talk about a language acquisition device?
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LAD - Children are prewired for language, including intonations and structure of language.
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Which one of the following statements best illustrates telegraphic speech?
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Includes only words that are essential to get the meaning across
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Reuben says "Jooz!" as he stretches his arms in the direction of his juice bottle. This can best be described as an example of:
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holophrase
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Which one of the following is the best example of pragmatics in language?
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Rules for engaging in appropriate and effective communication
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Robert is a 15-year-old boy who has attended U.S. schools since he began kindergarten at age 5. With this fact in mind, identify the task that is most likely to require Robert'sfluid intelligence rather than his crystallized intelligence.
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solving a new kind of puzzle
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"A child's ability to behave intelligently may vary considerably depending on the particular context, skills, and cognitive processes required by a given task."This statement is consistent with three of the following conceptualizations of intelligence. With which one is it least consistent?
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The concept of distributed intelligence
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Sam is a very talented dancer; he also shows considerable creativity in art class. He finds math and science classes very difficult, but he loves to read and tell stories to his many friends. Which view of intelligence is best reflected in Sam's abilities?
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Gardner's multiple intelligences
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If teachers consider Gardner's view of intelligence, they would be most likely to conclude that:
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Most students are likely to be "intelligent" in one way or another.
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Which one of the following statements best reflects Sternberg's theory of successful intelligence?
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Intelligent behavior is a function of how well people draw on prior experiences and cognitively process information in order to adapt to a new situation.
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At age 2, Madeleine is given up for adoption by a mentally ill single mother who realizes she cannot provide adequate care for her daughter. Shortly thereafter, Madeleine is adopted by parents who provide lively conversation, lots of books and educational games, and frequent trips to zoos and museums. Based on this information you might expect Madeleine's IQ scores to:
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Show gradual increases over time
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Studies showing the effects of schooling in raising intelligence scores support an interpretation of intelligence as:
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environmentally influenced
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Sternberg's Triarchic Theory of intelligence involves all of these except
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existential
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Rupal and her dad are working on Rupal's English homework. While Rupal is quick to respond when she sees information that she learned in class, Rupal's dad, Genoe, uses his years of experience to figure out the answer. As compared to Rupal, Genoe possesses better
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Crystallized intelligence
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Charles Spearman's conception of intelligence is that:
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there is one overall type of intelligence, called a g factor
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If teachers consider both Gardner's and Sternberg's views of intelligence, they would be most likely to conclude that:
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Most students are likely to be "intelligent" in one way or another
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A girl at an Inuit school in northern Canada is quite a chatterbox in the classroom; in fact, she is often found talking to a classmate when she should be working quietly. Based on their cultural beliefs, her Inuit teachers are likely to think that this girl
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Has low intelligence
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Different theorists conceptualize intelligence differently, but most agree that intelligence
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Involves many different cognitive processes
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Which one of the following statements most accurately describes what developmental theorists mean when they talk about alanguage acquisition device?
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A built-in mechanism that makes language learning especially easy for human beings
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As you work with 2-year-old Effie, you keep track of all the new words she uses. You find that, on average, Effie uses two or three new words every week over a period of several months. Based on this information, Effie's language development:
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s slower than what you would expect for a 2-year-old
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If you were to apply the concept ofworking memory to language development, you would be most likely to suggest that
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Children acquire complex language abilities only after they automatize many of the simpler aspects of language
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The original purpose of intelligence tests is still their main purpose today-that is, to:
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Identify children who may require special services or interventions
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Which one of the following best illustrates babbling as developmental theorists typically use the term?
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"Buh-buh-buh-buh."
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Phonological awareness can best be described as:
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A child's ability to hear the individual sounds within a spoken word
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Only one of the following statements reflects an accurate comparison of Gardner's and Sternberg's theories of intelligence. Which one?
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Both theorists characterize intelligence as a multifaceted ability, such that children may behave intelligently in one situation but not in another.
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Which one of the following statements most accurately reflects the concept of distributed intelligence?
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Children will behave more intelligently when they can use outside resources as well as their minds.
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Which one of the following most accurately characterizes IQ scores?
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The average score is 100, with more people getting scores near 100 and fewer people getting scores farther away
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Which one of the following situations illustrates the phenomenon of overextension in semantic development?
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Alvin doesn't understand why you cant build an igloo in the summer.
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Janice uses the term teddy to refer to all of her stuffed toys, including teddy bears, stuffed bunnies, stuffed birds and even a stuffed lizard. In doing so, she is showing:
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Overextension
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As 2-year-old David and his father go into the family garden one day, Dad exclaims, "Look at all the wonderful daisies!" David infers that the only plants blooming in the garden must be called daisies. David's inference is an example of
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fast mapping
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At what age do children begin to realize that what people say may not be the truth?
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ages 3-6
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Three-year-old Robert is visiting the local zoo with his preschool class. When his teacher exclaims, "Look at the giraffe!" Robert first looks at the teacher's face and then follows her gaze to the strange creature she is looking at. Robert's behavior in this situation reflects
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intersubjectivity
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Which of the following will be least effective for children who are learning a second language in traditional foreign language instruction
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Grammatical lessons
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Four-year-old Brandon's father is an aeronautical engineer who often talks about his work at home. At preschool, Brandon uses the word trajectory as he plays with a toy racecar track. Although he uses the word correctly, you are fairly certain that he does not fully understand what it means. Brandon's behavior is evidence that
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Language production sometimes precedes language comprehension
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As you work with 3-year-old Effie, you keep track of all the new words she uses. You find that, on average, Effie uses two or three new words every week over a period of several months. Based on this information, Effie's language development
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Is slower than what you would expect for a 3-year-old
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Which one of the following children provides the best example of emergent literacy?
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When four-year-old Jack plays school with his older sisters, he fills a sheet of paper with lines of random letters.
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Which strategy is most likely to be effective in promoting semantic development?
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.Showing several examples of words
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Which of the following is not an approach to teaching a second language?
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subtractive bilingualism
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If you were to describe the nature of syntactic development, you would be most likely to say that it involves
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Learning how to put words together into comprehensible sentences
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Even though he teaches history rather than English, Mr. Stahl wants to support his seventh-grade students in their syntactic development. Which one of the following strategies, although possibly beneficial in other respects, is least likely to promote his students' syntactic development
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Teach students how to take notes more efficiently by capturing ideas in short phrases rather than complete sentences
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Three of the following statements about infants' early listening abilities are true. Which one is false?
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Newborn babies show no preference in listening to languages
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Most children in the early elementary grades think that being a "good listener" is
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Sitting quietly and do not interrupt the speaker
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Three of the following aspects of language development appear during the elementary school years or even earlier. Which one are we not likely to see until youngsters are in junior high or high school?
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Understanding proverbs
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Three of the following are factors that affect children's ability to understand what others say to them. Which one is least likely to affect their listening comprehension?
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Early training in correct pronunciation
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If you wanted to enhance children's and adolescents' ability to understand what other people say, you might use three of the following strategies. Which one would you be least likely to use?
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Encourage them to listen closely to every word and to take other people's messages literally.
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Which one of the following most accurately describes the development of narratives in children's speech?
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Narratives become increasing complex during the elementary school years.
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Which one of the following aspects of language development is evident even in 6-month-olds' behavior?
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Turn taking
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Three of the following are suggested strategies for promoting children's expressive language skills. Which one is not recommended
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Insist that children never "stretch" the truth in any way.
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Three of the following aspects of language development typically appear during the elementary school years or even earlier. Which one are we notlikely to see until students are in junior high or high school?
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Ability to detect subtle sarcasm
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Which strategy is most likely to be effective in promoting students' vocabulary development?
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Teaching students the meanings of words related to topics they are studying
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Three of the following statements describe common forms of diversity you might see in children's language development. Which statement is false?
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Children with specific language impairments rarely speak, primarily because of an inherited disposition to be shy and fearful.
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Which one of the following is the best example ofpragmatics in language?
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Julie waits until her friend has finished talking before she begins to speak.
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Many theorists believe that people have an innate predisposition to learn language. Three of the following provide sources of evidence that these theorists use to support their belief. Which one is not used to support an inherited predisposition to learn language?
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Children acquire increasingly larger and more sophisticated vocabularies as they grow older
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after playing in the snow, 5-year-old raul complains, "my feets are cold." raul's comment shows:
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overregularzation
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When 4-year-old Morris hears his preschool teacher say, "Susan was punched by John," he thinks that Susan was the person who did the punching. Morris's mistaken belief is most likely due to the fact that young children:
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Rely heavily on word order in interpreting what they hear
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As she watches her grandfather, 3-year-old Audrey asks him, "What you are doing?" Which one of the following most accurately describes the incorrect format of Audrey's question?
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It reflects the normal step in ...
