ecology exam 2 part 2 – Flashcards

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Until about 10,000 years ago, our species depended on ________.
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hunting and gathering
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Of the following, ________ requires the least land to produce 1 kg of protein.
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chicken
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Raising ________ requires the most land and water.
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beef cattle
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Bt crops
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have been given a bacterial gene that gives chemical protection against pests
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Green Revolution techniques ________.
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have increased crop yields but may not be sustainable
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Over-irrigation can result in ________.
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soil salinization and waterlogging
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The comparison shown in the figure is environmentally significant because ________
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production of beef and pork is resource-intensiv
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Since 1960, pesticide use has increased ________ worldwide.
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fourfold
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Seed banks (institutions that store and preserve seeds) are important for _
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protecting genetic diversity
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The figure demonstrates that it requires roughly ________ times more feed input to produce 1 kg of eggs, compared to 1 kg of milk.
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4
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Monoculture ________
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is an agricultural practice of growing large stands of a single species
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The breakdown of large rocks into smaller pieces is affected by
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affected by rainfall, freezing and thawing
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No-till farming would be most beneficial for farmers ___
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with steeply sloped fields
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Recombinant DNA ___
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is the merging of DNA from unrelated organisms to create new genetic varieties
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The loss of more than 10% productivity in an arid area due to erosion, soil compaction, deforestation or overgrazing is
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desertification
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What is true about GM crops?
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The United States leads the world in land area dedicated to GM crops.
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Normal Borlaug, who passed away in 2009, pioneered the development of
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high-yield wheat
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Industrial agriculture __
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increased our ability to obtain more food from the same area
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Leaching ________.
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removes water-soluble nutrients from soils
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Terracing, contour farming, intercropping, and crop rotation all _
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are techniques for conserving soil resources and fertility
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It is more energetically efficient for us to eat more
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plant-based foods
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Organic farming has increased in
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has increased in the United States, Canada, and Europe in recent years
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The O horizon of soils consists of _
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mostly organic material
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Researchers have demonstrated that organic farming ___
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decreased organic soil losses while giving yields comparable to conventional farming
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We lose 5 to 7 million ha of productive cropland per year to
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erosion, over-irrigation, and overgrazing
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Humus is _
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composed of organic matter and is necessary to fertility and holding soil moisture
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Which of the following is true?
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In 2010, 1 in 4 adults in the United States is obese and 3 out of 5 are overweight.
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Aquaculture _
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can bring economic benefits and food security to many developing regions
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Of the following, ________ best describes integrated pest management (IPM).
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biocontrol measures, crop rotation, and habitat diversification
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Relative to sustainable agriculture, insects' roles are as
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essential pollinators and predators
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The Conservation Reserve Program pays farmers to _
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stop cultivating highly erodible land
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The consequences of over-fertilizing include __
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eutrophication and dead zones in nearby aquatic ecosystems
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Cows require a high quantity of feed because they _
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take time to grow and have a low energy conversion efficiency
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Based on the information in the figure, you decide to make changes in your diet to diminish your ecological footprint (the environmental impact of your food choices) by
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shifting your protein intake from beef and pork to eggs and dairy products
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During the past half-century, global food production has ________ world population growth.
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grown at a faster rate than
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Factors involved in soil formation are _
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weathering of parent material, freezing/thawing, tree roots
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