Earth Space Science – Flashcards
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Hardened magma in a volcano's pipe remaining after softer rock around it has eroded away is a batholith.
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False
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When ash, cinders, and bombs build up in a steep pile around a volcano's vent, the result is a
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cinder cone volcano.
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What landform is created when magma squeezes between rock layers to form a hardened slab of rock?
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sill
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Geysers are formed when groundwater is heated by nearby magma.
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True
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Tall, cone-shaped mountains in which layers of lava alternate with layers of ash are called
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composite volcanoes.
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Magma that forces across rock layers hardens into a
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dike
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When magma hardens in a volcano's pipe, the result will eventually be a landform called a
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volcanic neck.
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Magma that hardens vertically underneath the surface will form a sill.
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False
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How is this circular motion achieved?
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Hot magma rises and pushes up toward the lithosphere, and as it cools it cycles back down toward the core to be heated again.
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Based upon the mechanics of mantle convection, which feature will most likely be formed at the blue arrow, and through which mechanism?
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A mid-ocean ridge will be formed by ridge push.
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Samuel puts a pot of water on the stove to boil and remembers when his teacher taught the class about convection, which is fluid movement driven by heat. Samuel recalls that convection in the Earth's mantle involves the movement of
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molten materials.
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Chao is thinking about doing a project on plate tectonics for the school science fair. Which design would best relate to how the movement in the Earth's mantle is related to plate motion?
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a flat shallow pan filled with a thick liquid that can be heated by a hot plate with pieces of a thin plastic sheet floating on top of the liquid
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Where do Earth's convection currents occur?
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the asthenosphere
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What chain of events will most likely occur to Iceland in the future?
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The rift will widen between the plates; new crust will form on either side of the rift, water from the ocean will rush in, and eventually Iceland will split apart.
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Priya took notes during her Earth Science class. What was most likely the topic of the lecture Priya attended?
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Mid-Ocean Ridges
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What could be a possible explanation why tectonic plates do not all move in the same direction?
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The magma moves in "cells," which circulate in different directions, moving the plates in more than one direction.
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Pressure increases from Earth's surface toward the center of Earth.
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True
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The part of the mantle called the _____ is made of soft rock that bends like plastic.
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asthenosphere
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Earth's inner core is
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a dense ball of solid metal.
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What is the correct order (starting from the surface) of Earth's layers?
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crust, mantle, outer core, inner core
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To study Earth's interior, geologists often rely on indirect methods, such as evidence from fossils.
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False
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Geologist learn about Earth's interior by studying ______, which move through Earth.
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seismic waves
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Holes drilled several kilometers into Earth's crust provide direct evidence about Earth's interior in the form of
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rock samples.
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Earth's magnetic field results from movements in the
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outer core
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______ is a rock with a fine, dark texture that makes up the oceanic crust.
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basalt
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Which development belongs at the end of Cherie's timeline?
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genetic engineering
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Who is known as "the father of medicine"?
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hippocrates
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Which kind of information is known about a person if that person's DNA is in a database?
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some diseases the person might have
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Suppose that scientists genetically engineered an organism that could metabolize petroleum more quickly than any other organism. Which would be the greatest effect on society?
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Oil spills in the environment might be cleaned up quicker.
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Which scientific discipline is correctly matched to a contribution to society?
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geology; theory of continental drift
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The use of logic, making empirical observations, and performing dissections were all part of the scientific studies by
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aristole
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Biologists use the system of binomial nomenclature developed by Linnaeus to assign scientific names to known living organisms. Which area of society was strengthened by Linnaeus's contribution to science?
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communication
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Darwin's work on the theory of evolution occurred at about the same time that
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Mendel developed his laws of heredity.
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Who developed the earliest system for the classification of animals?
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aristole
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Eric notices that his flashlight does not turn on when he flips the switch. What is the least appropriate hypothesis for Eric to make?
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The flashlight does not want to work.
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Which term should replace the question mark
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hypotheses
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Jenna is a scientist in a chemistry lab. Her experiment did not support her current theory. What should she do next?
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Verify the data by running the experiment several more times.
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When scientists say that a theory can never be proven, what are they actually saying?
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It is always possible for new data to contradict a theory.
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Which statement correctly compares a law and a theory?
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Both a law and a theory can be tested.
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What is the primary difference between a hypothesis and a theory?
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A theory is supported by more data and observations than a hypothesis is.
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In general, which type of scientific knowledge or understanding is least well supported?
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hypotheses
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When a theory is disproved by further evidence, which of the following occurs?
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It adds to scientific knowledge.
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Ava's best friend has an indoor cat. Ava notices that she sneezes every time that she visits her friend. Ava suspects that she is allergic to cats but is unsure. What is the best thing for Ava to do next?
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Test her suspicion by checking to see whether other cats also make her sneeze.
