Earth science regents review – Flashcards
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The latitude of polaris is equal to...
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the latitude you're at. *ONLY IF YOU'RE AT NORTH LATITUDE
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Zenith
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the highest point; the peak. Directly above you
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International dateline
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180 degrees longitude
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Magma
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Molten rock beneath the Earth's surface
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Lava
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Magma or molten rock that reaches Earth's surface.
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Large crystals in igneous rocks mean..
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The molten rock cooled very slowly, giving the crystals time to form.
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What happens when dewpoint and temperature are very close together or the same?
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It will rain
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Occluded front
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A warm front that's overtaken by a cold front.
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High pressure system
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Achoc; Anti-cyclone,highpressure, outward and clockwise movement.
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Low pressure system
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Clicc; Cyclone, lowpressure, inward and counterclockwise movement.
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coriolis effect
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The way Earth's rotation makes winds in the Northern Hemisphere curve to the right and winds in the Southern Hemisphere curve to the left.
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Clastic
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capable of being taken apart
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Bioclastic
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sedimentary rocks that are formed by living things
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Plutonic
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Igneous rock that has solidified beneath the earth's surface
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Crystalline sedimentary rock
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Sedimentary rocks that form by precipitation
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Extrusion
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lava that hardens on the surface.
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What does a mineral's internal arrangement of atoms determine?
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It's physical properties or how it looks.
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Specific gravity
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the density of a substance relative to the density of water
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foucault pendulum
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instrument that proved that the earth rotates
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Proof of earth's rotation is shown by
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The change in direction of the swing of the Foucault Pendulum and the Coriolis Effect.
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Coriolis effect
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The way Earth's rotation makes winds in the Northern Hemisphere curve to the right and winds in the Southern Hemisphere curve to the left.
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Nuclear fusion
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a nuclear reaction in which nuclei combine to form more massive nuclei with the simultaneous release of energy. Creates stars
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Radioactive decay
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the breakdown of a radioactive element, releasing particles and energy
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As Earth travles in it's orbit, Earth's axis
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Remains parallel to itself at all earth positions.
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Earth's axis
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an imaginary line that runs through the center of the Earth from the North pole to the South Pole
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How fast does earth move?
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15 degrees per hour
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In new york, day light increases continuously from
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March 1st to May 1st
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Air pressure usually drops when
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Wind speed increases, clouds thicken and visibility drops.
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Igneous rocks that form deep underground for a long time usually have what kind of texture?
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Coarse-grained. Large crystals form, they take many years.
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Jet stream
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a high-speed high-altitude airstream blowing from west to east near the top of the troposphere
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Earth's revolution
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is the movement of earth around the sun
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isotope
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one of two or more atoms with the same atomic number but with different numbers of neutrons
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Revolution
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the movement of an object around another object
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Eccentricity
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The measurement of the flatness of an ellipse.
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Perihelion
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Point in orbit closest to the sun
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Aphelion
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The point in orbit furthest from the sun
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Tides
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The rising and falling of the oceans surface
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What causes a change in tides?
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The gravitational pull between the changing positions of the Moon and the Sun relative to earth, Causes the different hights in ocean water
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When does a Lunar Eclipse happen?
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When the moon moves into earth's shadow.
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When does a solar eclipse happen?
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When the moons shadow moves over earth's surface
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New moon
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the time at which the moon appears as a narrow waxing crescent
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Nebula
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A cloud of dust; Hydrogen and Plasma
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Changing constellations proof of Earth's revolution
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The constellations change throughout the year, this is proff the earth revolves around the sun
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Density
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1. The same substance had the same density 2. Pressure increases, density increases 3. Temperature increases, density decreases. (Think of boiling water. The hotter the water, the more evaporation happens. Gas is not dense) 4. Water expands when it freezes. 5. Water is most dense at 4*C as a liquid.
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Changes in the environment tend to be...
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Cyclic. Not changing. Staying in a cycle
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What is the true shape of the earth?
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Oblate spheroid. Flattened at the poles and bulging at the equator.
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Best evidence for earth's shape?
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Pictures from space.
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How does the earth rotate?
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On its axis from west to east.
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How does the earth revolve?
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Around the sun, counterclockwise.
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1/2 of the moon is always lit by the sun
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...
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How long does it take for the moon to complete its cycle?
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About 29 days or one month
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Winter Solstice
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December 21st Shortest day of the year.
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Equinox
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Equal day and night. Happens in september and march
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Conduction
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Energy transfer through molecular collision
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Convection
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Energy transfer through differences in density
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Radiation
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Energy transfer through space
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On june 21st in new york, whats the position of the sun as it rises and sets?
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The sun rises north of due east and sets north of due west.
