Early American Literature 1607-1820 – Flashcards
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What as a dominant trait of the period?
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Change
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4 types of change in this time period
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Social, Religious, Political, Literary
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Name the 3 earliest colonies
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Jamestown, Plymouth Plantation, Massachusetts Bay Colony
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What state is Jamestown located in?
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Virginia
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What year was Jamestown established?
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1607
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What religion was Jamestown?
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Anglican
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Where is Plymouth Plantation located?
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Massachusetts
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What year was Plymouth Plantation established?
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1620
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What religion was Plymouth Plantation?
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Separatists
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Which colony was "just down the road" from Plymouth?
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Massachusetts bay Colony
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What year was the Massachusetts Bay Colony established?
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1630
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What religion was the Massachusetts Bay Colony?
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Puritans
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What is the backbone of Puritanism?
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Calvinism
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What does the "T" in the Tulip of Calvinism stand for?
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Total Depravity
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What does the "U" in the Tulip of Calvinism stand for?
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Unconditional Election
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What does the "L" in the Tulip of Calvinism stand for?
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Limited Atonement
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What does the "I" in the Tulip of Calvinism stand for?
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Irresistible Grace
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What does the "P" in the Tulip of Calvinism stand for?
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Perseverance of the Saints
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Explain Total Depravity
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Completely sinful
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Explain unconditional election
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God foreknew who would be saved
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Explain limited atonement
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his dying payed for the sins of the elect
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Explain Irresistible Grace
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if you're elect, you can't resist salvation
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Explain Perseverance of the saints
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cannot lose your salvation
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What did the Puritans in Massachusetts Bay attempt to form that led to the decline of Puritanism?
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theocracy
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What year was the halfway covenant established?
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1662
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The 2 major revivals during this literary period
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The Great Awakening and The second awakening
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What are the years for the Great Awakening?
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1735-1750
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What are the years for the Second Awakening
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around 1800 and following
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3 areas of Puritan thought that have remained
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Work ethic, goal-centered, duty before pleasure
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The rise of what furthered religious decline?
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Deism
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Around what time period was Deism big?
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Enlightenment period
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Deistic view of God
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The "Great First Cause"
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Deistic view of man
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isn't flawer
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Deistic view of authority
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Education and reason
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1st major document of the New World
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Mayflower Compact
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Why did they have to right the Mayflower Compact?
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because they landed outside of their given area
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What was eventually based on the Mayflower Compact?
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The Constitution
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What did their literature grow out of and why?
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personal experience and because everything was new to them
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How did the people in the New World often write?
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imitating British writers
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What was the common subject of their writings?
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survival
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What was the worldview of their works?
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Spiritual, God's providence
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What does providence mean?
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to see before
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What was the purpose of the literary writings?
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Didactic - teaching
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What was the style of their writings?
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Plain
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3 Puritan themes apparent in the early literature
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providence of God, America, Christians relation to the world
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What colony was John Smith associated with?
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Jamestown
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What religion was John Smith?
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Anglican
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What were John Smith's works?
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A General History and A Description of New England
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What was the publication date of A General History?
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1624
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What is A General History an account of?
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his time with the Indians and Pochohantos
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What was John Smith's motivation for writing A General History?
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money, fame
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Why did John Smith's second work not line up with the account in his first?
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he didn't want to scare people away from Jamestown in the first one, he needed more money when he wrote the second one
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Theme of A General History
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God's providence, and America
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What was John Smith's motivation for writing A Description of New England?
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encourage people to come and settle
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What methods were used in A Description of New England?
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appeal and persuasion
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Where was William Byrd located?
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Virginia
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What was the name of Byrd's plantation?
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Westover
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What was Byrd's family background?
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wealthy, huge plantation
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What was Byrd's religion?
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Anglican
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Where was William Byrd educated?
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England and Europe
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What were Byrd's political accomplishments?
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found of Richmond, member of the House of Burgessess
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How was Byrd's "the Secret Diary" written?
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in shorthand because he never tried to get it published
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What was the motivation behind writing "The Secret Diary"?
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to remember
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What was the importance of "The Secret Diary"?
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shows us how they really lived because he never meant for it to be published
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What is the content of "The History of the dividing line"
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finding the division between Virginia and North Carolina
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Author of "the Secret Diary"
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William Byrd
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Author of "the History of the Dividing Line"
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William Byrd
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What was the tone of "the History of the Dividing Line"?
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More formal, very harsh on North Carolina's laziness
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Who self-taught himself Hebrew, Greek, and French
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William Bradford
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How was William Bradford's life intertwined with Pilgrim history?
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he was with them since he was a teen
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Who was called "Father of American History"?
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William Bradford
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What was it called when 20,000 people came to Massachusetts?
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The Great Migration
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What years was The Great Migration?
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1630-1640
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Author of "Of Plymouth Plantation"
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William Bradford
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What happened to the profane young man in "Of Plymouth Plantation"?
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He gets sick, dies, and is thrown overboard
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What happened to John Howland?
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thrown overboard but catches a rope and is saved; became a profitable member of society
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How did the Pilgrims respond to their arrival in America?
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fell on their knees and praised, blessed, and thanked God
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What were some of the hardships the Pilgrims faced upon their arrival?
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Starvation, disease, inner strife, winter, not shelter, uncertainty of Indians
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Plymouth's first governor
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John Carver
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Who was William Brewster?
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church Leader (elder Brewster) - "took care of the sick"
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Who was Miles Standish?
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hired by Pilgrims to protect them
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Who was the Indian who spoke English to the Pilgrims?
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Samoset
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Who was the Great Sachem?
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Squanto
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Who was the Indian who helped the colonists with various tasks?
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Massasoit
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What is the them of "Of Plymouth Plantation"?
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Providence of God
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What are fortified homes called?
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Garrisons
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How many kids did Mary Rowlandson have?
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6
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What year was Mary Rowlandson captured?
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1676
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What happened to Mary Rowlandson?
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attacked during King Philips war, moved with Indians 20 times, her child was shot and lasted 9 days before dying
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What was the length of Mary Rowlandson's captivity?
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3 months (11 1/2 weeks)
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What was the name of Mary Rowlandson's work?
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A Narrative of the Captivity and Restoration of Mrs. Mary Rowlandson
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The 3 parts of Rowlandson's work
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introduction (attack), removes (moves with the Indians), conclusion (ransomed)
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Theme of Mary Rowlandson's work
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God's providence
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Who was Called "the First Yankee"?
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Samuel Sewall
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Who did Sewall marry?
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Hannah Hull
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Where was Sewall a prominent citizen?
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Massachusetts Bay
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What does Sewall represent?
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the combining of Materialism and Spirituality
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Who was a judge during the Salem witch trials?
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Sewall
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What did Sewall do several years after the Salem witch trials?
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publicly announce that he was wrong for doing that
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Author of "the Diary"
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Samuel Sewall
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What is reflected in Sewall's writings?
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True Spirituallity
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What happened in The Diary with a hailstorm?
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broke all the glass in the unfinished house
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What happened to Sewall's daughter?
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passed away at 2 years old on Dec. 23 while the parents weren't in the room
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What day was Sewall's daughter buried and why?
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Christmas and because the Puritans didn't celebrate christmas
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Who was the military leader at Plymouth?
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Miles Standish
