Digestive System Vocabulary – Flashcards
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Mesentery
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structure that suspends the small intestine from the posterior body wall, extension of the peritoneum
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Villi
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fingerlike extensions of the intestinal mucosa that increase the surface area
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Peyer's patches
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collections of lymphatic tissue found in the submucosa of the small intestine
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picae circulares
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folds of the small intestine wall
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oral cavity
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one of the two anatomical regions involved in the physical breakdown of food
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tongue
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oragan that mixes food in the mouth
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pharynx
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common passage for food and air
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lesser omentum
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extension/modification of the peritoneum, membrane attached to the lesser curvature of the stomach
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stomach
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one of the two anatomical regions involved in the physical breakdown of food, organ in which protein digestion begins
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greater omentum
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extension/modification of the peritoneum
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esophagus
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literally a food chute; has no digestive or absorptive role
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rugae
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folds of the stomach mucosa
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Haustra
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saclike outpocketings of the large intestine wall
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microvilli
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projections of the plasma membrane of a cell that increase the cell's surface area
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illeocecal valve
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prevents food from moving back into the small intestine once it has entered the large intestine
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small intestine
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organ responsible for most food and water absorption, organ into which the stomach empties, organ that receives pancreatic juice and bile
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colon
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organ primarily involved in water absorption and feces formation
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vestibule
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area between the teach and lips/cheeks
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pyloric sphincter
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sphincter, controlling the movement of food from teh stomach into the duodenum
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soft palate
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uvula hangs from its posterior edge
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parietal paritoneum
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serosa of the abdominal cavity wall
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anal canal
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region, containing two sphincters, through which feces are expelled from the body
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hard palate
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anterosuperior boundary of the oral cavity; supported by bone
