Developmental Psychology/Test 8 – Flashcards
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"Stepping out"
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The authors of your text describe the period of early childhood in terms of which of the following?
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will reinforce her behavior and possibly create a long-lasting pattern of aggression and defiance.
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When four-year-old Deidra wants an item or an activity, she will attack her parents with her fists until they laughingly and protestingly give her what she wants. Her parents' decision to give into Deidra's demands in this fashion
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Families must balance their children's emerging skills and desire for autonomy with their parental need to protect and control their children
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Which of the following is a central theme that emerges from both Freud's and Erikson's view of development during the preschool period?
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Through social interactions which apply both positive reinforcement and negative punishment
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According to Li-Grining how do children learn impulse control?
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He is likely to have difficulty forming social relationships.
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Tommy is a difficult child. His parents have finally given up on trying to control his impulsive behaviors. How is this likely to influence Tommy's social relationships?
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When a child attempts to ease another's discomfort by offering something that they, themself would find comforting
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Which of the following best describes egocentric empathy?
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Moral emotions
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Guilt, shame and pride are all examples of which of the following?
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They will not develop moral emotions.
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According to Koenig, Cicchetti & Rogosch (2004) what is likely to happen to a child who does not have a warm trusting relationship with their parents?
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Gender schemas
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When 4-year-old Mariella thinks of activities, behaviors, or personal characteristics as being "for mommy" or "for daddy", she is using which of the following?
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Intelligence
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Multicultural studies have found similar gender stereotypes across cultures. Which of the following is NOT a common gender stereotype for men?
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Skillfulness
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Multicultural studies have found similar gender stereotypes across cultures. Which of the following is NOT a common gender stereotype for women?
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Adults may disapprove of boys' cross-gender behavior because they fear it will lead to homosexuality.
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Which of the following is an accurate statement about cross-gender behavior in childhood?
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Four- and five-year-olds who are securely attached to their parents are more likely than insecurely attached children to have positive relationships with their preschool teachers.
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Which of the following is an accurate statement about attachment relationships of children in early childhood?
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The characteristic strategies that parents use to manage children's behaviors
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Which of the following best defines the term parenting styles?
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Warmth and nurturance
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According to research, which parental characteristic is most consistently related to children's secure attachments, altruistic and empathetic behaviors, and school achievements?
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Authoritative
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Which parenting style has the most consistently positive outcomes?
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Authoritative
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Which parenting style is associated with the most socially competent children?
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Authoritarian parenting is believed to help children succeed and attain important goals.
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Which of the following is the most likely reason that African American and Asian American families use an authoritarian parenting style with their children?
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Withdrawal from both parents
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Which of the following is NOT a negative consequence of spanking as a form of discipline?
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Single parent families are more common among African Americans and Native Americans than other groups.
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Which statement regarding family structure and ethnicity is true?
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are likely to be heterosexual.
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Children of gay or lesbian parents
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The shift away from an authoritative parenting style
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Which of the following is perhaps the most important factor that negatively affects children after a divorce?
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Autonomy versus shame and doubt; initiative versus guilt
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The preschool years, from age two to age six, include which two of Erikson's stages of development?
