question

Marcus was physically abused by his parents during his early years. Now he is in elementary school and living with a foster family; his school counselor believes that the negative events of his first few years can be overcome by his now positive life circumstances. The counselor emphasizes the role of __________ in development. stages nurture nature stability

answer

Nuture

question

In contrast to Freud, Erikson focused only on the impact of early experiences on later behavior. viewed children as taking a more active role in their own development. emphasized that development continues throughout the lifespan. minimized the role of culture in individual development.

answer

Emphasized tat development continues throughout the lifespan

question

Baby Max begins to cry as soon as he sees his mother pick up her car keys. Max does this because he has learned the keys predict his mother' absence, and her absence reflexively causes his crying. This example best demonstrates observational learning. operant conditioning. behavior modification. classical conditioning.

answer

Classical conditioning

question

Who among the following is a COGNITIVE theorist? Skinner Piaget Pavlov Bronfenbremmer

answer

Piaget

question

During early childhood, children develop language rapidly and are especially responsive to conversational interactions. Based on these observations, one could argue that language learning develops in stages. children play a passive role in language acquisition. early childhood is a sensitive period for language development. language acquisition is due to the unfolding of a genetic blueprint.

answer

Early childhood is a sensitive period for language development

question

Dr. Bellicose found that over 75 percent of adolescents who had committed one or more crimes had parents who were punitive in their discipline study. He concluded that punitive parental discipline is a major cause of adolescent crime. Which of the following is a major flaw in Dr. Bellicose's conclusion? confuses correlation with causation cohort effects practice effects random assignment

answer

Confuses correlation with causation

question

A correlation of -.79 between self-esteem and delinquency in adolescence indicates that the higher an adolescent's self-esteem, the more likely he or she is to be delinquent. self-esteem and delinquency are only weakly correlated during adolescence. self-esteem and delinquency are not related during adolescence. the lower an adolescent's self-esteem, the more likely he or she is to be delinquent.

answer

the lower an adolescent's self esteem the more likely he or she is to be delinquent

question

In an experiment to determine whether children would be more likely to break a promise to work when they thought no one was present to observe their transgression, the dependent variable would be whether an experimenter was present once the children promised to work. the intervention. the number of children who broke the promise to work.

answer

the number of children who broke the promise to work

question

Professor Atari is studying whether playing videogames that require mental rotation of visual images fosters success on spatial reasoning tests. The best method for Professor Atari to use to be able to infer a cause and effect relationship between the variables of interest would be to: compare the number of hours of videogame play among children who score high on spatial reasoning tests with those who score low on spatial reasoning tests. randomly choose half of the participants to play videogames and the remaining half to play no videogames and later compare measures of spatial reasoning for each group. select a group of children who already play a lot of videogames and a second group who never play video games and compare their scores of spatial reasoning.

answer

?

question

To examine whether children's popularity is stable or changes across the years, Dr. Clique followed a group of children from the time they were 5 years old to the time they were 18 years old. This is an example of a(n) __________ design. sequential cross-sectional study longitudinal experimental

answer

longitudinal

question

Once a researcher has developed a hypothesis, her next step in the scientific method is to: report the results. replicate the study. design and conduct research to gather empirical evidence (data). draw conclusions.

answer

design and conduct research to gather empirical evidence (data)

question

The final step in the scientific method is: draw conclusions. report the results. test the hypothesis. write a new hypothesis.

answer

report the results

question

The notion that development involves gains and losses that do not always occur in a straight line exemplifies which one of the following characteristics of the life-span perspective? multidirectional plasticity multidisciplinary multicontextual

answer

multidirectional

question

You and your high school classmates are all part of the same: social construction. context. socioeconomic status. cohort.

answer

cohort

question

Socioeconomic status refers to an individual's: ethnicity. culture. race. social class.

answer

social class

question

According to the text, race is: part of the microsystem supported by genetic research a social construction a necessary component of developmental research

answer

a social construction

question

The idea that the study of development involves several academic fields defines the ______ characteristic of development. multicontextual multidirectional plasticity multidisciplinary

answer

multidisciplinary

question

According to Freud, each stage of development involves: need for cultural adaptation. a major developmental crisis. potential conflicts.

answer

potential conflicts

question

In operant conditioning, an organism learns that: classically conditioned responses are learned for life. punishment always follows a reinforcer. a neutral stimulus is associated with a meaningful stimulus. a particular behavior usually produces a particular consequence.

answer

a particular behavior usually produces a particular consequence

question

After watching a new Jackie Chan movie, Rob tries some of the karate moves he saw in the film. Social learning theorists would say that ______ has occurred. reinforcement operant conditioning classical conditioning modeling

answer

modeling

question

Piaget's theory of development focused primarily on: our unconscious issues. how our thinking changes as we grow older. the ways in which our environment influences our physical development. biological and physical changes.

answer

how our thinking changes as we grow older

question

A correlation coefficient is close to zero if: one variable increases and the other variable decreases both variables decrease one variable's change is not related to the other variable's change

answer

?

question

To study people's thoughts about aging, a researcher would most likely use: a survey. . a laboratory experiment. the case-study method.

answer

survey

question

The quickest and least expensive way to study development is with: cross-sectional research. the case study. cross-sequential studies. longitudinal research.

answer

cross sectional research

question

In seeking participants for research studies, researchers must explain the purposes and procedures of the study in advance, obtain written permission, and allow participants to stop at any time. This process is known as: informed consent. rite of research. holding harmless. release of liability.

answer

informed consent

question

A genotype is a rodlike structure in the cell nucleus that transmits genetic information. reflects an individual's physical and behavioral characteristics, determined both by environmental and genetic factors. is a directly observable characteristic. refers to the genetic makeup of an individual.

answer

refers to the genetic makeup of an individual

question

Characteristics such as hair color and height are visible in genotypes. phenotypes. zygotes. chromosomes.

answer

phenotypes

question

A person whose 23rd pair of chromosomes is XY has Down syndrome. has PKU. is male. cannot be a fraternal twin.

answer

is male

question

A zygote that separates into two clusters of cells instead of just one produces Klinefelter syndrome. triple X syndrome. fraternal twins. identical twins.

answer

identical twins

question

D is the symbol for the dark-haired allele; d is the symbol for the blond-haired allele. Four children have the following allele pairs: Lizzy has DD, Lena has Dd, Lyle has dD, and Laura has dd. Which child is considered recessive homozygous and has blond hair? Lizzy Lyle Laura Lena

answer

Laura

question

The case of PKU demonstrates that most inherited disabilities and disorders are untreatable. changes in the environment can alter the extent to which an inherited disorder influences a person's well-being. serious inherited disorders are more often due to dominant than to recessive genes.

answer

changes in the environment can alter the extent to which an inherited disorder influences a person's well-being

question

Males are more likely than females to be negatively affected by X-linked disorders because their sex chromosomes match. the Y chromosome lacks many corresponding alleles to override those carried on the X chromosome. males are more likely than females to inherit recessive alleles. the Y chromosome is much longer than the X chromosome.

answer

the Y chromosome lacks many corresponding alleles to override those carried on the X chromosome

question

Fragile X syndrome is the most common inherited cause of mental retardation. is expressed only when it is passed from father to child. is linked to over three-fourths of the cases of giftedness.

answer

is the most common inherited cause of mental retardation.?

question

The period of the zygote lasts about __________, beginning with __________. 2 weeks; fertilization 3 months; implantation 3 months; fertilization

answer

2 weeks; fertilization

question

The age of viability occurs sometime between 28 and 32 weeks. 22 and 26 weeks. 25 and 29 weeks. 19 and 21 weeks.

answer

22 to 26

question

Bruno and Juliana moved to the United States from Mexico 2 years ago and just had their first baby. Although Bruno and Juliana's SES is lower than their native-born peers, their baby was born at a healthy weight, due in part to the support of their social network. This phenomenon is called the: native-born paradox immigrant paradox SES paradox Hispanic paradox

answer

Hispanic paradox

question

A reproductive cell is called a: amino acid. chromosome. zygote. gamete.

answer

gamete

question

What do the effects of additive genes do? add up to make the phenotype add up to make nurture add up to make nature add up to make the genotype

answer

add up to make the phneotype

question

The frequency of LBW in the United States _____ throughout most of the twentieth century, and then ______ in the 1990s and early 2000s. decreased; increased decreased; remained stable increased; remained stable

answer

decreased;increased

question

The longest period of prenatal development is the: first trimester. germinal period. fetal period.

answer

fetal period

question

The Apgar is used one minute and five minutes after birth to: help the mother recover from childbirth. measure the health of the new mother. determine whether the newborn needs immediate medical care. measure the newborn's sensory abilities.

answer

determine whether the newborn needs immediate medical care

question

Florence gave birth to a preterm infant who remains in the intensive-care nursery of the local hospital. She is encouraged to spend at least an hour each day holding her baby skin-to-skin between her breasts and allowing the baby to feel her body heat. Florence is engaged in: preemie-warming. auxiliary incubation. kangaroo care. body-heat monitoring.

answer

kangaroo care

question

Henry was adopted and is genetically predisposed toward alcoholism. However, his adoptive family does not drink; they actively avoid alcohol for religious reasons. Given Henry's genetic potential: alcoholism might not appear in Henry's phenotype. he may drink without worry as an adult because of his early upbringing. alcoholism may alter his genotype.

answer

alcoholism might not appear in Henry's phenotype.

question

During prenatal development, a particular organ or body part is most vulnerable to exposure to teratogens during its critical period. period of viability. vulnerability period. fetal period.

answer

critical period

question

A genome is: the entire packet of instructions to make a living organism. a molecule of DNA. the basic unit of heredity for a particular organism. the manufacturer of protein.

answer

the entire packet of instructions to make a living organism

question

Marsha has twins, a boy and a girl. The twins are: identical. dizygotic. monozygotic. the result of one zygote splitting in two.

answer

dizygotic

question

Down syndrome is due to: a genetic mutation. trisomy of the 21st chromosome. a recessive allele on the X chromosome. exposure to teratogens in the embryonic period.

answer

trisomy of the 21st chromosome

question

_______ may mitigate maternal depression by, in part, increasing levels of the hormone oxytocin. Breast-feeding Home births Doulas

answer

? Breast feeding

question

The neural tube will become the: backbone, legs, and arms. reproductive organs. intestinal tract. brain and spinal cord.

answer

brain and spinal cord

question

In a normal uncomplicated birth, the position of presentation is: buttocks first. knees first. head first. feet first.

answer

head first

question

The cortical regions that have the most extended period of development are the temporal lobes. the frontal lobes. the occipital lobes. the parietal lobes.

answer

the frontal lobes

question

Compared to breastfed babies, bottle-fed babies experience less severe illness symptoms. add weight and length slightly faster in the first few months. have more allergic reactions and respiratory and intestinal illnesses. are less likely to need iron supplements.

answer

have more allergic reactions and respiratory and intestinal illnesses

question

__________ and __________ are examples of fine motor activities. Pointing; drawing Skipping; grasping a raisin between two fingers Climbing on a jungle gym; blinking Crawling; standing

answer

Pointing and drawing

question

Which picture is newborn Bjorn most likely to prefer to look at? a face-like drawing with the features arranged sideways a face-like drawing with simple features a face-like drawing with the features arranged upside down

answer

a face-like drawing with simple features

question

According to Piaget, during __________, children interpret experiences in terms of existing schemes, whereas in __________, old schemes are adjusted and new ones created to make sense of the environment. accommodation; assimilation adaptation; organization equilibration; disequilibration assimilation; accommodation

answer

assimilation accommodation

question

Chomsky's LAD involves language acquisition drills that are used to foster young children's vocabulary acquisition. refers to linguistic tutoring processes by which parents provide children assistance in learning grammatical rules. is made up of computer programs that attempt to generate the linguistic rules that are needed for language acquisition. is an innate system that permits young children to understand and speak in a rule-oriented fashion.

answer

is an innate system that permits young children to understand and speak in a rule oriented fashioin

question

An average, or standard, measurement, calculated from many individuals within a specific group or population is known as a: standard deviation. normal score. norm.

answer

norm

question

Assume that an abusive caregiver shakes an infant to get her to stop crying. The infant stops crying because of which of the following mechanisms? The infant is so startled by the shaking that she can't cry. Blood vessels in her brain rupture and neural connections break. The infant's airway is damaged by the shaking.

answer

Blood vessels in her brain rupture and neural connections break

question

Research indicates that three-year olds ______ were better at recognizing differences in newborn faces. with younger siblings who spent time looking at monkey faces with older siblings

answer

with younger siblings

question

The reflex that allows newborns to grip so tightly is the: Babinski reflex. Palmar grasping reflex. Moro reflex. rooting reflex.

answer

palmar grasping reflex

question

The average child can walk well independently at about: 1 year. 2 years. 6 months.

answer

1yr

question

The last skill to typically develop from the list below is: standing momentarily without holding on. sitting without support. standing while holding on. pulling up onto feet.

answer

standing momentarily without holding on

question

At what point in development is the sense of hearing already quite acute? by 14 weeks of age by 6 months of age by 3 months of age at birth

answer

at birth

question

The neonate's vision: does not improve until age 1. is clearest when objects are 4 to 30 inches away. is the most developed of the senses. is clearest when objects are about 10 feet away.

answer

is clearest when objects are 4-30inches away

question

In which of Piaget's sensorimotor stages do infants become aware of things and respond to people and objects? stage two stage three stage four stage one

answer

stage three

question

The principle of object permanence is demonstrated by an infant's: grasping a rattle and banging it on the floor. laughing when a sibling makes faces. searching for a toy that has fallen from sight. being willing to let go of an object.

answer

searching for a toy that has fallen from sight

question

the scientific method used by an infant in Piaget's stage five is: theoretical. trial and error. considered anticipation of results. behavioral conditioning.

answer

trial and error

question

An infant's reaction to the visual cliff is supposed to measure her: locomotion. depth perception. culture. perceptual constancy.

answer

depth perception

question

Newborns prefer: traffic noises more than music. normal speech over baby talk. speech over most other sounds.

answer

speech over most other sounds

question

Research has found that \"baby talk\" is: unique to English-speaking parents. confined to females; males do not use it. characterized by a high pitch, simple vocabulary, and short sentences. characterized by a lower pitch and use of nonsense words.

answer

characterized by high pitch, simple vocabulary, and short sentences

question

Which of the following is one of the explanations offered in your text as to why English-speaking children use more nouns than verbs when they begin to speak, as compared to children of Chinese or Korean descent? Chinese and Korean languages are \"noun-friendly\" languages because the rules of the languages are structured around nouns. Interactions between children and objects are more common in English-speaking cultures, while social interactions are more common in Asian cultures. The English language contains more nouns than verbs; Korean and Chinese languages contain more verbs than nouns. Chinese and Korean children tend to have more limited access to toys than do English-speaking children.

answer

Interactions between children and objects are more common in English speaking cultures while social interactions are more common in Asian cultures

question

Which of the following research results provides support for the cultural fostering theory of language learning? Toddlers learn new words best when they are taught in person. Toddlers learn new words best by watching others talk. Toddlers learn new words best by hearing an adult say a new word while they are playing with an unrelated object. Toddlers learn new words best in a group setting.

answer

toddlers learn new words best when they are taught in person

question

Brains ______ in size in the first two years of life. don't grow triple quadruple

answer

triple

question

Whenever the eyes, ears, tongue, skin, or mouth detect a stimulus, ______ has occurred. interpretation perception response sensation

answer

sensation

question

The term holophrase is used to denote: the relationship of object permanence to language development. the infant's use of one word to express a whole thought. a word that is empty of meaning. the use of two words to take the place of one.

answer

the infants use of one word to express a whole thought

question

In Erikson's theory, __________ is associated with a positive outcome during infancy. the quality of the caregiver's behavior breastfeeding the amount of oral stimulation provided the amount of food given

answer

the quality of the caregiver's behavior

question

In the Strange Situation, Tyrelle sticks close to his mother, fails to explore, and cries uncontrollably when she leaves the room. When his mother returns, Tyrelle fights being picked up and cries despite his mother's efforts to comfort him. Tyrelle is demonstrating __________ attachment. avoidant disorganized secure resistant/ambivalent

answer

resistant/ambivalent

question

Two-year-old Isabella has a red dot on her nose. When she looks into a mirror, she tries to rub the dot off of her nose rather than off of the mirror. This behavior indicates that she has developed effortful control. empathy. self-awareness.

answer

self awareness ?

question

When caring for their babies, an enduring gender difference is that mothers devote more time to __________ and fathers devote more time to __________. high intensity play sessions; emotional closeness feeding and diaper changes; emotional closeness high intensity play sessions; feeding and diaper changes physical care and comfort; high intensity play sessions

answer

physical care and comfort; high intensity play sessions

question

Research has found that a person's temperament is: reflective of cognitive development determined almost entirely by parenting styles linked to biological patterns that appear in infancy established primarily through early social interactions

answer

linked to biological patterns that appear in infancy

question

According to Erikson's theory, which of the following is true of most toddlers? They want to gain a sense of autonomy, or control, over their own bodies. They learn learn initiative through tasks that help them develop mastery. Toddler's need to learn a sense of guilt and shame in order to strengthen their sense of uniqueness. They want to depend on their caregivers to meet all of their needs.

answer

They want to gain a sense of autonomy, or control, over their own bodies.

question

According to cognitive theory, infants use their early relationships to develop a set of assumptions that become a frame of reference that may be used later in life. Such a set of assumptions is called a schematic plan working model work-in-progress referential hypothesis

answer

working model

question

Dr. Hoemann, a pediatrician, believes that a child's behavior problems are caused entirely by the parents' use of reinforcements and punishments. Dr. Hoemann is most likely a(n): psychoanalyst. information-process theorist. behaviorist. sociologist.

answer

behaviorist

question

Erika is 6 months old. Which of the following would you expect Erika to be able to do? run climb up on the sofa crawl on her belly stand without holding on

answer

crawl on her belly

question

Freud would attribute an adult's fingernail biting and overeating to problems during which developmental stage? phallic initiative vs. guilt oral sensorimotor

answer

oral

question

Which of the following statements is accurate? The social smile in response to another person typically first appears at about 12 weeks old. A five-month-old baby is likely to display fear of strangers and separation anxiety. An 11-month-old child may show anxiety when her mother goes into another room. Infants younger than 4 months seem incapable of expressing distress or contentment.

answer

An 11-month-old child may show anxiety when her mother goes into another room.

question

When Caitlin falls and hurts herself, she cries and runs to her mother. Rather than comforting Caitlin, her mother offers her a toy to distract her. Her mother would most likely be considered a(n): slow-to-warm-up parent distal parent proximal parent authoritative parent

answer

distal parent

question

Which of the following is NOT one of the essential characteristics of high-quality daycare provided in your text? cleanliness routines and accident prevention a variety of caregivers every day. engagement in active play encouragement of language development

answer

a variety of caregivers every day.

question

Which four-month-old girl's temperament is the MOST likely to change over time? Yolanda, who is exuberant and easy-going. Michaela, who is inhibited and fearful. . Paulette, who is quite expressive.

answer

? michaela, who is inhibited and fearful

question

As Melanie was learning to walk, each time she fell she would look for her mother's reaction. If her mother looked upset, she would cry; if her mother smiled, she would stand up and try again. Which phrase best describes Melanie's behavior? emotional self-regulation. an internal working model. social referencing. self-control.

answer

social referencing.

question

Martine has just been shown two boxes. One box is a plain, unmarked box full of crayons, and the other is an empty Crayola box. Next, Martine is asked to predict in which box another child will look for the crayons. This task assesses Martine's understanding of theory of mind. conservation. class inclusion. irreversibility.

answer

theory of mind

question

According to Vygotksy, which of the following would be within a child's zone of proximal development? a task that a child cannot accomplish alone or with the help of an adult and, as such, requires an adult to complete the task a task that a child has recently mastered following the assistance of an adult and now can do independently a task that a child cannot yet handle on her own, but can do with the help of an adult a task that a child figures out how to accomplish through her own independent activity

answer

a task that a child cannot yet handle on her own, but can do with the help of an adult

question

During a conservation-of-liquid task, when asked why he thinks there is more water in the taller glass, 5-year-old Gus points out that the water level is higher in the taller glass than in the shorter glass but he does not seem to be aware that this change in height is compensated by changes in width. This example demonstrates a limitation of preoperational thought known as egocentrism. seriation. centration. irreversibility.

answer

centration.

question

\"I catched two mices in a trap\" is an example of: egocentric speech. overregularization. the past imperfect. literal translation.

answer

overregularization

question

Benjy is a preschooler. He can put a dish into the microwave and press the \"2\" button to cook for 2 minutes. One day he sees his mother wipe the front of the microwave with a damp paper towel before she presses a number button. After that, Benjy rubs the front of the microwave with a napkin before he presses the number button. Which of the following reflects a social learning explanation for Benjy's actions? He is showing centration on the microwave door. He has forgotten that he didn't use the napkin initially. He is overimitating his mom. He is in the zone of proximal development in his microwave use.

answer

He is overimitating his mom.

question

Because of fast-mapping, a preschooler: grasps the meaning of words describing emotions. needs several experiences with a word to learn it. has a clear understanding of all the words he uses. learns some words after a single exposure to them.

answer

learns some words after a single exposure to them.

question

Daryl has a ball of Silly Putty. His 6-year-old son, John, watches as Daryl flattens the Silly Putty into a thin \"pancake.\" When Daryl asks John if there is now more Silly Putty, John replies, \"Yes.\" Piaget would say that John has: demonstrated fast-mapping. demonstrated scaffolding. an understanding of object permanence. not mastered the concept of conservation.

answer

not mastered the concept of conservation.

question

Today's children in the United States could become the first generation in more than 100 years to have a shorter lifespan than their parents as a result of: their propensity to overeat and underexercise a lack of access to quality medical care an increase in the number of accidents involving teenagers new, deadly diseases for which there are no cures

answer

their propensity to overeat and underexercise

question

Micah attends a preschool where there is a high teacher/child ratio and ample opportunity for creative expression. He is engaged in a long-term art project that he chose in which he is making dinosaurs out of clay. Which type of early child education program does Micah's preschool most resemble? Abecedarian Reggio Emilia Montessori

answer

? reggio emilia

question

The ability to plan and prioritize appears to be directly related to the development of the ______ cortex. parietal posterior prefrontal striate

answer

prefrontal

question

The Piagetian term for a particular type of centration in which the child thinks about the world only from his personal perspective is: conservatism. static reasoning. irreversibility. egocentrism.

answer

egocentrism

question

The amygdala is a brain structure that registers: speech perception. body temperature. emotions. handedness.

answer

emotions.

question

In the past 20 years, the incidence of plumbism in the United States has declined due to: an increase in the amount of calcium in children's vitamins the removal of lead from paint and gasoline better nutrition at earlier ages improved sensitivity in the blood tests used for diagnosis.

answer

the removal of lead from paint and gasoline

question

Writing your name is a ______, whereas kicking a ball is a(n) ______. physical skill; cognitive skill coordination skill; inter-coordination skill sensorimotor skill; preoperational skill fine motor skill; gross motor skill

answer

fine motor skill; gross motor skill

question

According to Erikson, which of the following aids a young child in demonstrating initiative? strong feelings of competence apprenticeship opportunities offered by a child's parents a certain amount of guilt and shame neurological maturation in the limbic system and prefrontal cortex

answer

neurological maturation in the limbic system and prefrontal cortex

question

Because she has developed ______, an angry 5-year-old might stop herself from hitting another child. social referencing. emotional regulation. self-esteem.

answer

emotional regulation.

question

In which of the following areas will deficits be most apparent in a child who is maltreated? academic abilities social skills verbal skills physical abilities identification.

answer

social skills

question

At least among the majority of families, adolescents who are successful, generous individuals are from: authoritative homes. traditional homes. permissive homes.

answer

authoritative homes

question

By age ______, children are convinced certain toys are appropriate for one gender but not the other. 1 3 7

answer

?3

question

Children who lack self-control are most likely to have parents who are: permissive. authoritarian. abusive.

answer

permissive

question

Freud believed that preschool boys: believe their fathers are perfect. disrespect their mothers. secretly want to replace their fathers. are openly angry with their fathers.

answer

secretly want to replace their fathers.

question

Jose is very warm and nurturing of his children. He loves them very much and does not believe in punishment of any sort. Which type of parent is Jose? authoritative neglecting authoritarian permissive

answer

permissive

question

In which country is physical punishment of a child illegal? Finland the United States Canada

answer

?US

question

Play that mimics aggression through wrestling, chasing, or hitting, but is not intended to harm is called: rough-and-tumble play. parallel play. bullying play. sociodramatic play.

answer

rough-and-tumble play.

question

Psychological control as a means of discipline relies on which of the following? a child's feelings of guilt and gratitude to the parents a child's senses of self-concept and self-esteem a child's sense of fear toward the parents a child's sense of belonging to the family unit

answer

a child's feelings of guilt and gratitude to the parents

question

Three girls start a rumor that 7-year-old Heather is a bed-wetter who still uses a pacifier. They are demonstrating _____ aggression. reactive instrumental bullying relational

answer

relational

question

To understand gender attitudes and roles, behaviorists stress: reinforcement and punishment. biological mechanisms. unconscious motivations. reasoning ability.

answer

reinforcement and punishment.

question

Which of the following focuses on how children perceive and understand their experiences in their development of gender? behavioral theory. cognitive theory. epigenetic theory.

answer

?

question

Although the test you are now taking measures many things, it is supposed to be a test of: aptitude. achievement. general knowledge.

answer

achievement

question

Because of better health, smaller families, and more schooling, some nations have exhibited substantial increases in IQ scores. This phenomenon is called the: Stanford Swell. Flynn Effect. Brain Leap. Intelligence Surge.

answer

Flynn Effect

question

Professor Schuyler believes that people's brains work very much like a computer in terms of input, processing, and output. This belief is most representative of ______ theory of cognition. the immersion the information processing Piaget's Vygotsky's

answer

the information processing

question

Growth in brain sophistication during middle childhood allows the child to direct his focus on certain stimuli to the exclusion of others. This ability is known as: selective attention. transduction. decentration. automatization.

answer

selective attention.

question

School-age children move toward more flexible logic as a result of decreasing: concrete thought. reversibility. adaptation. egocentrism.

answer

egocentrism

question

The approach to second-language learning in which children spend the entire school day instructed in the second language is referred to as the: immersion approach. bilingual education approach. additive bilingual approach. heritage language approach.

answer

immersion approach.

question

What percent of the world's 7-year-olds are in school, approximately? 60 percent 75 percent 95 percent 40 percent

answer

95 percent

question

According to Piaget, in the concrete operational stage children: can only apply their reasoning to real situations. are limited to intuitive, perceptual focusing. are likely to be misled by appearances. can reason about abstractions.

answer

can only apply their reasoning to real situations.

question

Which of the following abilities is necessary in order for children to be aware of what they already know and what they still need to learn? control processes automatization metacognition abstract reasoning

answer

metacognition

question

According to Erikson's theory, children in middle childhood tend to judge themselves as either: industrious or inferior. competent or awkward. suppressed or superior. intelligent or stupid.

answer

industrious or inferior

question

Carla is usually good because she is afraid that she will be punished if she isn't. Carla is in which level of Kohlberg's view of moral development? postconventional premoral preconventional conventional

answer

preconventional

question

According to Freud's latency stage, children: attempt to learn self-control. seek to establish their identity. develop sexual feelings toward their opposite-sex peers. submerge their unconscious sexual conflicts.

answer

submerge their unconscious sexual conflicts.

question

All of the following are forces that influence the middle childhood person's moral development EXCEPT: peer culture brain myelinization personal experience

answer

?brain myelinization

question

Self-esteem adjusts to a more realistic level in middle childhood largely as the result of increases in perspective-taking skills. identity achievement. the development of an incremental view of ability. feedback about the individual's performance compared with that of peers.

answer

feedback about the individual's performance compared with that of peers.

question

Beginning in middle childhood, children's self-descriptions include descriptions of specific behaviors. both negative and positive characteristics. internal states. observable traits.

answer

both negative and positive characteristics.

question

Liv is an extremely shy, timid, and anxious 8-year-old. Other children seem to dislike her. She appears to be a(n): aggressive-rejected child. neglected child. controversial child. withdrawn-rejected child.

answer

withdrawn-rejected child.

question

Male bullies are often: above average in size. below average in verbal assertiveness. above average in verbal assertiveness. smaller than average in size.

answer

above average in size

question

Parents' beliefs that they mold their children's personalities may be diminished by the finding that: temperament defines personality. personality is primary based on the shared environment of the family. most all aspects of personality have strong genetic bases. most of the environmental effects on personality may be from the \"nonshared\" environment.

answer

most of the environmental effects on personality may be from the \"nonshared\" environment.

question

Typically, school-aged children would most admire: Billy, who spends most of his free time with adults. Mary, who is the third-grade teacher's favorite. Marla, who was punished for not telling the teacher who threw a paper airplane. Timmy, whose mother kisses him good-bye at school.

answer

Marla, who was punished for not telling the teacher who threw a paper airplane.

question

The most common type of family structure for children in the United States is the: nuclear family single-parent family extended family

answer

? nuclear family (6-11)

question

An evalutation of Head Start found that benefits were MOST apparent for children: living in urban areas without disabilities with the lowest family income living in suburban areas

answer

with the lowest family income

question

Which factor contributes to the decline in neighborhood play among children? a scarcity of vacant lots and empty fields parental obesity an increase in the emphasis on reading books

answer

a scarcity of vacant lots and empty fields

question

Today, children who are in the middle childhood stage of development are experiencing better physical health than the same age group did decades ago. Which of the following is NOT a factor in the improved health of children? a reduction in the number of colds children catch ealier diagnosis and treatment of chronic health conditions the reduced exposure to secondhand smoke an increase in hand washing behavior

answer

a reduction in the number of colds children catch

question

From 1980 to the current decade, the rate of childhood asthma in the United States has: decreased tripled remained steady doubled

answer

tripled

question

New concepts are best learned when they are connected to: personal and emotional experiences current events a child-centered curriculum

answer

personal and emotional experiences

question

Which of the following statements is TRUE? In Asian countries, girls score consistently higher in math than boys do. In Scotland, boys average several points higher in reading than girls. Academic differences between nations are much greater than these differences between genders. Across all cultures, boys are better at math and girls are better at reading.

answer

Academic differences between nations are much greater than these differences between genders.

question

Seamus is very talented at drawing and obsessive about details when he draws pictures. His speech is close to what is considered to be normal, but he tends to shy away from other children and is awkward when he tries to relate to others. Which of the following diagnoses would BEST fit this description of Sheamus? autism spectrum disorder obsessive-compulsive disorder specific learning disability ADHD

answer

autism spectrum disorder

question

Research reported in the text indicates appropriately medicated children with ADHD are: more likely to suffer from stunted growth than their nonmedicated peers with ADHD more likely to abuse drugs in adolescence than their nonmedicated peers with ADHD more likely to have adversive reactions to vaccinations than their nonmedicated peers with ADHD less likely to abuse drugs in adolescence than their nonmedicated peers with ADHD

answer

less likely to abuse drugs in adolescence than their nonmedicated peers with ADHD

question

The child who weathers severe family problems, even abuse, and yet emerges from those experiences apparently unscathed is said to be: resilient buoyant industrious conventional

answer

resilient

question

In middle childhood, the experience of moving to a new neighborhood or community is: very exciting, as this is a stage marked by a strong desire for new experiences is only problematic if the move is associated with a divorce in the family quite stressful, as this is a stage in which continuity is very important extremely rare; children ages 5 - 9 years old move far less often than younger or older age groups

answer

quite stressful, as this is a stage in which continuity is very important

question

Two factors that universally interfere with family function in every nation are: low income and high conflict high stress and high income religious differences and low income ethnic differences and low income

answer

low income and high conflict

question

According to the text, what method is MOST effective in stopping bullying in schools? focusing on children in higher grades focusing on children in lower grades using a whole-school strategy

answer

using a whole school strategy

question

Bonnie is concrete operational and Katie is formal operational. When asked to solve the pendulum problem, Bonnie will be completely unable to solve the problem. systematically test alternative hypotheses. . unsystematically test some of the variables affecting the pendulum speed.

answer

? systematically test alternative hypotheses

question

Carl is sure that his romantic passion for his girlfriend, his deep concern over the poor and homeless, and his poetic appreciation of nature are far beyond anything anyone has felt before. This thinking is characterized by juvenile obsession. cognitive dissonance. the personal fable.

answer

?

question

Mr. and Mrs. Duran are having more frequent disagreements with their teenage daughter. If they argue over typical parentadolescent issues, these disagreements are most likely over important values such as honesty or the importance of education. less intense than arguments over similar issues with their teenage son. the most intense when their viewpoint on a matter is actually relatively similar to that of their daughter's. on mundane, daily matters such as driving and curfew.

answer

on mundane, daily matters such as driving and curfew.

question

Mr. Jochim has talked frequently with his teenage children about the hazards of illicit drug use, but feels he needs to do a better job discussing the more common substance abuses. If he wants to focus on the two most commonly abused substances with his children in a discussion this week, he should focus on cigarette smoking and alcohol consumption. alcohol consumption and over-the-counter medications. alcohol consumption and abuse of household cleaning products. cigarette smoking and prescription medication abuse.

answer

cigarette smoking and alcohol consumption.

question

Sixteen-year-old Nico tends to go along with whatever his friends are doing, has trouble with time management, and has a sense of hopelessness about the future. He has probably spent a long time in which identity status? identity moratorium identity diffusion identity achievement identity foreclosure

answer

identity diffusion

question

Which statement about emerging adults is true around the world? They are marrying later than their parents in Western cultures, but marrying earlier than their parents in Eastern cultures. They have more years of education and marry later than their parents They are marrying at younger ages and nixing higher education at greater rates than their parents. Their college graduation rates are about 75 percent.

answer

They have more years of education and marry later than their parents

question

Elyse broke up with her boyfriend after a fight. She has spent the last week repeatedly going over the fight in her mind, which has led her deeper and deeper into depression. Her continual relving the fight best reflects which of the following? reminiscence rumination fixation

answer

rumination

question

Tony has thought hard and talked to many people before selecting a career in music. When asked if he'd change his mind if something better comes along, he said, \"I doubt it -- I really explored my options and I think this is the best choice for me.\" He is most characterized by identity moratorium. identity foreclosure. identity achievement. identity diffusion.

answer

identity achievement.

question

Which statement about adolescent suicide is correct? The suicide rate is similar for boys and girls, and lower in the United States and Canada than in Italy or Spain. Most suicide attempts are really cries for help, which is why the majority of teenagers of both genders use methods from which they are more likely to be revived. Girls' higher rates of depression lead to higher suicide rates than boys'. Boys have a higher rate of suicide, and tend to use techniques that lead to instant death, such as firearms.

answer

Boys have a higher rate of suicide, and tend to use techniques that lead to instant death, such as firearms.

question

How many individuals in the United States, Canada, northern Europe, England, and Australia cohabit during emerging adulthood? The majority About 17 percent Less than 1 percent

answer

the majority

question

A criticism of high-stakes testing is that: it must begin in kindergarten to be effective in high school. standards of learning are not raised high enough. it destroys learning with its focus on test scores. it is not conducted often enough to truly raise standards.

answer

it destroys learning with its focus on test scores.

question

Because adolescents regard themselves as uniquely special: it is easy for them to envision another person's perspective. it is difficult for them to envision another person's perspective. they believe everyone feels what they feel. they embrace many points of view.

answer

t is difficult for them to envision another person's perspective.

question

Changes in primary sex characteristics during puberty include: pubic hair and underarm hair start to grow. a beard begins to grow. height increases rapidly. the uterus and the testes begin to grow.

answer

the uterus and the testes begin to grow.

question

Does the ability of schoolchildren to use deductive reasoning tend to develop at the same time as their ability to use inductive reasoning? Yes, deductive reasoning and inductive reasoning tend to develop at the same time. No, these two types of reasoning tend to develop randomly, with deductive reasoning sometimes developing first and inductive reasoning sometimes developing first. No, deductive reasoning tends to develop later than inductive reasoning. No, deductive reasoning tends to develop before inductive reasoning.

answer

No, deductive reasoning tends to develop later than inductive reasoning.

question

Ever since he began puberty, Barry has been staying awake late at night and craving sleep in the mornings. His parents should: realize that this is due to changes in the brain. get Barry professional help. realize that this is due to hormonal shifts. realize that this is due to his avoiding them.

answer

realize that this is due to hormonal shifts.

question

For boys, the first ejaculation generally occurs: when facial hair first appears. after the weight and height spurt. when the final pubic hair pattern is established. following growth of the testes and penis.

answer

following growth of the testes and penis.

question

In the twenty-first century, early puberty positively correlates with which of the following? aggression and antisocial behavior in boys the tendency for girls to date boys younger than themselves the tendency for girls to enter into later, nurturing relationships early-maturing boys becoming leaders in their schools and community

answer

aggression and antisocial behavior in boys

question

Josephina is obsessed with her weight, yet she will eat a whole package of Oreos in one sitting. Afterwards she will go into the bathroom and make herself vomit. Josephina is of normal weight, but she constantly has heartburn. Josephina most likely suffers from: anxiety. degenerative organ disease. anorexia nervosa. bulimia nervosa.

answer

bulimia nervosa.

question

Klaczynski's studies of younger and older adolescents' analytical thinking indicated that: younger adolescents were rarely logical, whereas older adolescents were nearly always logical. most adolescents do not think as analytically as their capabilities would allow. younger adolescents were more biased toward dismissing research that was contrary to their own beliefs. individuals who were analytical on some problems were analytical on all problems.

answer

most adolescents do not think as analytically as their capabilities would allow.

question

Most adolescents think about themselves: frequently. occasionally. rarely. periodically.

answer

frequently.

question

One of the first signs of the growth spurt is: growth of arms and legs. growth of hands and feet. increased muscle mass. lengthening of the torso.

answer

growth of hands and feet

question

Piaget called the reasoning that characterizes adolescence: concrete operational thinking. formal operational thought. the game of thinking. metacognition.

answer

formal operational thought.

question

Rachel and Matt are in their first year of middle school. We can expect their academic achievement to: rise. remain the same as in elementary school. exhibit an erratic pattern of rising and falling. slow down.

answer

slow down.

question

Which pair of nutrients is MOST likely to be lacking in the adolescent diet? vitamins A and C iron and calcium magnesium and B vitamins sodium and potassium

answer

iron and calcium

question

Sixteen-year-old Paul drinks heavily and drives dangerously fast, believing that he cannot be hurt. Paul is demonstrating: the invincibility fable. deductive reasoning. self-awareness. the personal fable.

answer

the invincibility fable.

question

The biological events that begin puberty involve a hormonal signal from the: ovaries or testes. cerebellum. hippocampus. hypothalamus.

answer

hypothalamus.

question

The dual-process model of adolescent thought suggests that two distinct pathways exist in the brain to process thought. One pathway processes analytic thought. The other pathway processes: logical thought. ordered thought. intuitive thought. left-brained thought.

answer

intuitive thought.

question

The first outward sign of puberty in a typical girl is: the development of muscular strength. an increase in weight. the onset of nipple growth.

answer

? an increase in weight (spurt in height)

question

The still-developing prefrontal cortex and the full development of the limbic system are at least partially responsible for: the steadfast discipline found in young athletes. the narcissism of adolescence. the passion and commitment with which adolescents and young adults embrace nontraditional ideas. the apathy and boredom with life found in many of today's adolescents.

answer

the passion and commitment with which adolescents and young adults embrace nontraditional ideas.

question

The term gonads refers to: testes in boys and ovaries in girls. the penis in males and the clitoris in females. the adrenal glands. pituitary glands.

answer

testes in boys and ovaries in girls.

question

The term menarche refers to: the first ovulation of a mature egg. a girl's first menstrual period. the first year of menstruation, which is usually anovulatory. the beginning of growth of the uterus.

answer

a girl's first menstrual period.

question

Which of the following has the largest impact on whether adolescent sexual discovery and exploration is healthy and enjoyable or shameful and frightening? sex hormones brain function the adolescent's gender culture and social context

answer

culture and social context

question

Sexually active teenagers have _____ rate of gonorrhea, genital herpes, and chlamydia when compared to sexually active people of other ages. basically the same an unknown a lower a higher

answer

? a lower?

question

Which of the following is true of hypothetical thought: It is emotionally based. It is an aspect of concrete operational thinking. It involves imagined possibilities. It is tied to the everyday world as the individual knows it.

answer

It involves imagined possibilities.

question

Which of the following statements is correct regarding the relationship between body fat and the onset of puberty in females? There is a negative correlation between obesity and the early onset of puberty. There is no correlation between obesity and the early onset of puberty. There is a positive correlation between obesity and early onset of puberty. There is a correlation between obesity and the early onset of puberty, but only among South American adolescents.

answer

There is a positive correlation between obesity and early onset of puberty.

question

Jacob has always known his family expects him to go to college, get a degree in accounting, and take over the family business to relieve the financial burden of caring for the family from his ailing father. By accepting this career role without exploring other possibilities, Jacob's identity status would be labeled as _______. identity achievement identity diffusion foreclosure moratorium

answer

foreclosure

question

According to Dunphy, which of the following describes the sequence of heterosexual relationships during childhood and adolescence? groups of opposite-sex friends, private interactions within a crowd of mixed-sex groups, small mixed-sex groups of the advanced members of the crowd, formation of couples with private intimacies groups of same-sex friends, public interactions within a crowd of mixed-sex groups, small mixed-sex groups of the advanced members of the crowd, formation of couples with private intimacies groups of same-sex friends, public interactions within a crowd of same-sex groups, small mixed-sex groups of the advanced members of the crowd, formation of couples with private intimacies formation of couples with private intimacies, groups of same-sex friends, public interactions within a crowd of mixed-sex groups, small mixed-sex groups of the advanced members of the crowd

answer

groups of same-sex friends, public interactions within a crowd of mixed-sex groups, small mixed-sex groups of the advanced members of the crowd, formation of couples with private intimacies

question

An obvious negative effect of tobacco use is that it: makes adolescents gain weight. speeds up growth. slows down growth. makes adolescents taller.

answer

slows down growth.

question

At age 17, Jeff aspired to become a serious musician. His group of friends began to change as he made more friends with serious musical interests and drifted away from friends who were more engaged in sports. He is exhibiting peer: selection. exclusion. facilitation. focus.

answer

selection.

question

In general, as children become adolescents, their self-esteem: remain stable. rise. decline.

answer

decline

question

Isaac and Derek persuaded Robert to cut school with them, engage in petty theft, and steal alcohol from his parents. They showed Robert how to get around his parents' restrictions, which is know as: delinquent apprenticeship. criminal coaching. offender initiation. deviancy training.

answer

deviancy training

question

___ adolescents totally reject the religion in which they have grown up. Few Nearly all About half of all

answer

few

question

Miko is a 16-year-old girl who lives in Japan with her family. She is most likely to seek her parents' advice on which of the following? clothes friends romance music

answer

romance

question

Peer pressure usually leads to: socially desirable behaviors pressure to have sex law-breaking behaviors use of drugs and alcohol

answer

socially desirable behaviors

question

Parasuicide refers to: a deliberate act of self-destruction that does not end in death. the serious consideration of suicide as an option. assisting someone else in the act of suicide. any self-destructive behavior.

answer

a deliberate act of self-destruction that does not end in death.

question

Parental monitoring is most likely to be effective and healthy when it is: part of a warm, supportive relationship. relaxed and permissive. rigid and controlling. part of authoritarian parenting.

answer

part of a warm, supportive relationship.

question

Psychosocial development during adolescence is often seen as a quest to answer the question: \"Will I ever find someone to love?\" \"Why don't my parents understand me?\" \"Who am I?\" \"What am I going to do with my life?\"

answer

\"Who am I?\"

question

Research indicates that adolescents who work 20 hours a week or more: create a strong vocational identity earlier than those who do not work are more likely to love their work in adulthood tend to hate their jobs and achieve less in school save more money for college

answer

tend to hate their jobs and achieve less in school

question

The abstinence-only sex-education program that was widely promoted in the United States in 1998 resulted in _____ sexual activity by teenagers. a reduced incidence of a dramatic reduction in no significant impact on increased

answer

no significant impact on

question

The term for a pause in identity formation, when alternatives are explored before final choices are made, is known as: moratorium. identity diffusion. role confusion. negative identity.

answer

moratorium.

question

Which of the following statistics is TRUE? The teen abortion rate in the United States has decreased by 50 percent over the past two decades. . The use of condoms has decreased among ninth-grade boys since the 1980s. Teen births continue to increase worldwide.

answer

? teen births continue to increase worlwide

question

If someone were to ask you whether or not an individual's personality remains stable from childhood through adulthood, how would you answer them? Personality is totally flexible and is subject to change throughout life. Personality is both continuous and discontinuous. Since the basis of personality is genetically determined, it rarely changes after adolescence. After the age of 12, personality is pretty much static.

answer

Personality is both continuous and discontinuous

question

If you were to ask a 22-year-old college student how she feels about premarital sex, and she agrees with the majority, she would say that premarital sex is: acceptable. very risky. wrong.

answer

? acceptable

question

Compared to individuals without a college education, those with a college education tend to be: married more intelligent more likely to smoke healthier and wealthier

answer

healthier and wealthier

question

Which of the following is a distinct activity of emerging adulthood? drug addiction extreme sports stable lifestyles sexual promiscuity

answer

extreme sports

question

During emerging adulthood, intimacy is found primarily in: relationship with self. sibling relationships. relationships with friends, family, and sexual partners. spousal relationships.

answer

relationships with friends, family, and sexual partners.

question

Which of the following groups is most likely to report having smoked cigarettes in the past 30 days? eighth-graders emerging adults, ages 19-25 tenth-graders adolescents, ages 13-16

answer

emerging adults, ages 19-25

question

Which of the following phenomena have contributed to the problem of the worldwide spread of sexually transmitted infections? easy access to global travel and technology serial monogamy misinformation from government agencies modern medicines

answer

easy access to global travel and technology

question

Research indicates that female children who experience a great deal of ____ while very young are more likely to experience early puberty. stress diet deficiencies attention television exposure

answer

stress

question

The common middle-school schedule that involves classroom changes every 40 minutes: improves student grades creates a developmental mismatch supports children's development at this stage increases student collaboration

answer

creates a developmental mismatch

question

As the United States moves increasingly toward high-stakes testing: other nations are moving away from it other nations are following suit boys are earning the highest test scores girls are earning the highest test scores

answer

other nations are moving away from it

question

Which of the following statemenst about child sexual abuse has research shown to be FALSE? Long-term consequences can by mitigated if the abuse stops quickly and the child feels protected. The consequences of abuse can impact the offspring of abuse victims. THe cognitive and psychosocial effects of sex abuse can be worse than the biological harm it causes. Most cases are reported to authorities, even if not all abusers are prosecuted.

answer

Most cases are reported to authorities, even if not all abusers are prosecuted.

question

Which of the following statements about adolescent crime is ACCURATE? Teen girls tend to commit more crimes than teen boys. Virtually every adolescent boy has broken a law by age 21. Chronic offenders tend to be teens convicted of many violent crimes. The majority of adolescent lawbreakers are caught.

answer

Virtually every adolescent boy has broken a law by age 21.

question

During emerging adulthood, all body systems typically function: approximately the same as those of middle-aged adults optimally poorly approximately the same as those of adolescents

answer

optimally

question

In late adolescence and emerging adulthood, people are able to use both emotion and logic when they address personal and social problems. This type of thinking demonstrates _____ thought. concrete formal postformal pre-formal hypothetical-formal

answer

postformal

question

According to the theory of stereotype threat, a person who imagines another individual holds a negative stereotype about a group with whom the first person identifies is MOST likely to: not be affected by the imagining underperform on tasks associated with the stereotype try harder in an endeavor

answer

? underperform on tasks associated with the stereotype

question

The recent effort by countries around the world to increase the number of young people attendng college is prompted by national governments' belief in: stereotype threat moratorium linked lives massification

answer

massification

question

A longitudinal study conducted by Arum and colleagues on a cross-section of U.S. college students found that current students' cognitive growth was _____ that of college students 20 years ago. half of three times twice

answer

?

question

Professor Mtukudzi finished his post-secondary education in 1960 and loved his experience. Hi is MOST likely to believe the reason for a student to attend college should be to increase the student's: personal and intellectual growth social skills specific skills and knowledge

answer

personal and intellectual growth

question

According to Erikson, once an emerging adult has established a sense of identity, he or she needs to resolve which crisis? generativity vs stagnation initiative vs guilt trust vs mistrust intimacy vs isolation

answer

intimacy vs isolation

question

In what proportion of families around the world does arranged marriage occur? 3/4 1/3 2/3

answer

1/3

question

According to the text, the relatively low rate of inerethnic marriages is attributable to: disapproval of interethnic marriage by emerging adults the very specific definitions of ethnic categories used to calculate these rates bonding due to similarities, which occurs most often in one's own neighborhood and institutions disapproval of interethnic marriage by parents

answer

bonding due to similarities, which occurs most often in one's own neighborhood and institutions

question

Social networking may lead to _____, which happens when there are too many people available to meet and evaluate as potential life partners. hookups romance matchmaking choice overload

answer

choice overload

question

What is rated as most important for successful marriage by Western emerging adults? faithfulness money love

answer

faithfulness

question

Research indicates that parents are _____ in the lives of today's emerging adults. a burden an obstacle unimportant crucial

answer

crucial

question

A friend of yours, who is generally healthy at age 80, is considering beginning an exercise program that involves vigorous walking. What advice should you give? Your friend should only do this if male, because there are risks for females. Exercise is good, but it should not be weight-bearing. Exercise this late in life is dangerous and not helpful. This is a very good idea and can provide real benefits.

answer

This is a very good idea and can provide real benefits.

question

In his mid-forties, Edgar felt enormous turmoil, dissatisfaction, and unhappiness with his life. He decided to quit his job, leave his family, and start a new life on a communal farm in Colorado. Research on midlife crisis indicates that Edgar is typical of men, but totally unlike most women. typical of most people in midlife. much less satisfied with the results of his new life. very unusual for middle-aged adults.

answer

very unusual for middle-aged adults.

question

Men have a more difficult time adjusting to widowhood than women do because they have large numbers of emotionally satisfying ties outside of marriage. have financial worries due to the loss of the wife's job or estate. are resentful about performing essential household tasks that were handled by their deceased wives. tend to rely on their wives for social connectedness, household tasks, and coping with stress.

answer

tend to rely on their wives for social connectedness, household tasks, and coping with stress.

question

Mental abilities that decline at an earlier age typically depend on __________ intelligence, while those that are sustained until later in life depend on __________ intelligence. emotional; cognitive fluid; crystallized cognitive; emotional crystallized; fluid

answer

fluid; crystallized

question

Middle-aged adults who balance the needs of aging parents and financially dependent children are called kinkeepers. Real Troopers. the sandwich generation. economically challenged.

answer

he sandwich generation.

question

Nate, Tess, Leo, and Ian are all in their eighties. Nate arrives at this stage of life feeling whole, complete, and satisfied with his achievements. Tess regrets several major decisions in her life. Leo remains bitter and angry over some lost movie deals that he feels would have made his retirement worry-free, and expresses a great deal of anger and contempt for those in the movie business. Ian does not generally remember what happens from one week to the next, and depends heavily on his friendships with Nate, Tess, and Leo. According to Erikson's theory, who has arrived at a sense of ego integrity? Tess Nate Ian Leo

answer

Nate

question

Past research results showed a pattern of intelligence declines in middle and late adulthood. Which of the following statements explains this pattern? The dramatic decreases in intelligence in late adulthood skewed the results, making nonexistent patterns appear during middle adulthood as well. Increased cognitive declines and incidence of Alzheimer's disease in older generations are responsible for the research findings. Cohort effects, where younger generations benefitted from improved health and education, created the appearance of age-related intelligence declines. Age-related intelligence declines are a standard part of the aging process, as proven with past research.

answer

Cohort effects, where younger generations benefitted from improved health and education, created the appearance of age-related intelligence declines.

question

Prit can be characterized by the \"big five\" personality trait of agreeableness. He can anticipate that this trait will increase through middle age. can anticipate that this trait will decrease through middle age. will probably become less conscientious as he ages. will probably also become more open and extroverted as he reaches middle adulthood.

answer

can anticipate that this trait will increase through middle age.

question

The incidence of elder abuse is __________ because __________. underestimated; most acts take place in private, and victims are often unable or unwilling to complain overestimated; elders make up stories of abuse to gain attention and sympathy underestimated; most social workers do not believe elders' claims of abuse or neglect overestimated; normal accidents and injuries that result from physical aging are mistaken for signs of abuse

answer

underestimated; most acts take place in private, and victims are often unable or unwilling to complain

question

Trends in both crystallized and fluid mental abilities reported from the Seattle Longitudinal Study show that, intellectually, middle-aged adults typically overestimate their intellectual abilities, often with embarrassing results. show sharp decrements in ability starting around age 40. are \"in their prime,\" rather than \"over the hill.\" show steady increases in perceptual speed.

answer

are \"in their prime,\" rather than \"over the hill.\"

question

When marital satisfaction is measured throughout adulthood, the pattern found is that satisfaction rises from middle to late adulthood. it is lowest in middle adulthood, highest in young adulthood. satisfaction drops slowly throughout adulthood. satisfaction peaks in middle adulthood, then falls.

answer

satisfaction rises from middle to late adulthood.

question

Mr. and Mrs. Abdulkadir are both 65 years old. Based on current research, which outcome is most likely? They will live longer if they reside in the United States rather than any other industrialized nation. Mrs. Abdulkadir will outlive her husband by 4 to 7 years. Mr. Abdulkadir will outlive his wife by about 7 years. They will both have approximately one more decade of health and vitality before physical and cognitive deterioration impact daily life.

answer

Mrs. Abdulkadir will outlive her husband by 4 to 7 years.

question

A problem with longitudinal research on intelligence is that: practice on the test items may produce learning. people of lesser intelligence tend to volunteer for retesting. few people participate in such research voluntarily.

answer

?practice on the test items may produce learning

question

As Tom helped himself to a fourth beer, he announced to everyone at the barbecue that alcohol is healthy in moderation. How does the text define \"moderation\"? no more than two drinks of moderate size per day no more than three drinks of moderate size per day no more than one drink of moderate size per day no more than three glasses of wine, three beers, or three shots of spirits per week

answer

no more than two drinks of moderate size per day

question

At a recent physical exam, Janet was told that she is an inch shorter than she was five years ago at age 50. What is the most likely cause of her decrease in height? a hereditary height shrinkage a lack of calcium in her diet effects of medication a natural collapse of vertebrae in the spine

answer

a natural collapse of vertebrae in the spine

question

Of the following, the best example of fluid intelligence is: the ability to quickly perceive logical relationships between words. knowledge of computer terminology. knowledge of the names and dates of the monarchs of Great Britain.

answer

the ability to quickly perceive logical relationships between words.

question

The ability to enjoy life is measured by: disability and mobility. disability and vitality. mobility and vitality. vitality and morbidity.

answer

mobility and vitality.

question

The first visible signs of senescence may be observed in the: posture. eyes. gait. skin.

answer

skin.

question

The term \"male menopause\" is sometimes used to a dip in testosterone in response to anxiety or sexual inactivity. impotence when a man is aware of his wife's menopause. the sudden loss in fertility in a middle-aged man.

answer

a dip in testosterone in response to anxiety or sexual inactivity.

question

The world leader in both the obesity epidemic and the diabetes epidemic is: Mexico. the United States. Canada. the United Kingdom.

answer

the United States.

question

Which of the following is true of the sexual-reproductive system for both sexes during adulthood? Fertility is increased. Sexual responses become quicker. The level of sex hormones increases. Reproduction becomes less likely.

answer

Reproduction becomes less likely.

question

A person who has many of the personality traits associated with extroversion would most likely be described as: depressed and anxious. active and outgoing. open and receptive. creative and intelligent.

answer

active and outgoing.

question

After nearly 20 years with his company, Mike's job was outsourced. He wants his new job to offer not only a good wage but also job satisfaction and a sense of accomplishment. He is focused on the: secondary gains of work. extrinsic rewards of work. self-fulfilling prophecy. intrinsic rewards of work.

answer

intrinsic rewards of work.

question

As adults age, their friendships tend to: dissipate. fade. stagnate. improve.

answer

improve.

question

Evelyn, a mother of two, has been divorced for six years and would like to remarry. Most likely, she will marry a man who: has no children. will want to have more children with her. will expect her to take full-charge care of his children. has children from a previous marriage.

answer

has children from a previous marriage.

question

Individuals who are accepted in a family that is not their legal or biological family are: fictive kin. generative allies. social convoys. kissing cousins.

answer

fictive kin.

question

Most developmental theorists today believe that: generativity cannot appear before the age of 40. intimacy always precedes generativity. stages of adult development are not entirely orderly and predictable.

answer

stages of adult development are not entirely orderly and predictable

question

The group of people who move through life with an individual, providing protection and encouragement is the individual's: social convoy. safety net. support network.

answer

social convoy

question

The notion of the sandwich generation: accurately conveys the financial strain adults often experience by caring for elderly parents. clearly communicates the degree in which adults care for their elderly relatives. is not very accurate. correctly describes the reality of many adult lives.

answer

is not very accurate.

question

Who is likely to have the most stable personality? a 14-year-old girl a 5-year-old boy a 35-year-old woman a 23-year-old man

answer

a 35-year-old woman

question

About _____ percent of older adults (over 65 years old) in the United States are residing in nursing homes. five twenty twenty five ten

answer

5

question

According to your text, this is NOT a normal consequence of aging. a decline in the overall size of the brain dementia, including Alzheimer's disease a decline in the speed of recall and retrieval a decline in visual and auditory abilities

answer

dementia, including Alzheimer's disease

question

As people age, vitamin and mineral needs may increase because: the body's ability to use nutrients is reduced. breathing and heart rates increase, requiring more food. aging bodies use up the vitamins stored during younger years.

answer

the body's ability to use nutrients is reduced

question

Autopsies show the brains of Alzheimer victims: appear to be normal. have a proliferation of plaques and tangles. have shrunk to half of normal size. show damage from strokes.

answer

have a proliferation of plaques and tangles.

question

Joan suffered a ministroke that left her mildly impaired. Much to her delight and her family's delight, she soon recovered. What is her likely prognosis? She will continue with an active life but suffers some loss of function that her family denies. She will need physical therapy to prevent future problems. She will most likely have other strokes; the first one was a warning. She will continue with a full, active life because she has been cured.

answer

She will most likely have other strokes; the first one was a warning.

question

Many elderly people suffering from depression do not receive treatment because: their depression goes undiagnosed. there is no effective treatment for the elderly. treatment is too dangerous to their health. their depression will disappear in time.

answer

their depression goes undiagnosed.

question

Mrs. Calderi is 70 years old and, as a typical person in late adulthood, she: is quite happy and enjoying her life. finds her daily activities to be severely limited. feels deserted by everyone and lonely most of the time. is in the best of health with only minor aches and pains.

answer

is quite happy and enjoying her life.

question

Research in sensory functions in later adulthood indicates that: about 50 percent of adults have uncorrectable visual impairment. hearing remains virtually unchanged. hearing loss hampers one-word functioning. most visual and auditory losses can be compensated for.

answer

most visual and auditory losses can be compensated for.

question

Research on wisdom finds that: most of the elderly are wise. wisdom is never found in adults younger than 50. a minority of adults are wise. wisdom is more common at age 30 than age 70.

answer

a minority of adults are wise

question

Which statement about hormone replacement therapy is TRUE? It involves replacing cortisol that naturally decreases with age. Some findings may be related to SES rather than HRT. It increases the risk for osteoporosis. Research on its use has yielded consistent positive findings.

answer

Some findings may be related to SES rather than HRT.

question

Implementation is quitting a habit according to a plan. When is implementation most successful? Tackling one habit at a time. Planning implementation to coincide with a major life change. Doing it on one's own. Keeping the date or plan for change to one's self..

answer

Tackling one habit at a time.

question

All of the following statements are accurate in terms of the effect of SES upon a person's life span EXCEPT: Better income may result in better medical care. The impact of SES on life span is decreasing in the U.S. In the United States, the difference in life span between those with the lowest and the highest SES is about 30 years.

answer

?

question

Which of Sternberg's intelligences is usually MOST valued during high school and college? practical analytic general creative

answer

analytic

question

According to a comprehensive study, factors that contribute to a long life include: vacation time and limited social interaction. lifelong work and a diet rich in fresh vegetables. prestigious work and a large home.

answer

lifelong work and a diet rich in fresh vegetables.

question

Paula is a middle-aged doctor who is an expert at laser eye surgery for the correction of myopia (nearsightedness). She graduated from medical school 35 years ago. Daryl is a young doctor who also does the surgery; he graduated from medical school 5 years ago. According to information presented in the textbook, who would likely be the better choice for operating on your eyes, and why? Daryl; since he is younger, he thinks faster and can adjust to problems that arise Daryl; he graduated more recently and knows the most recent techniques Paula; she will probably complete the operation more quickly than Daryl. Paula; she has done the operation so often that she is more strategic and flexible

answer

Paula; she has done the operation so often that she is more strategic and flexible

question

George is 65 years old and is experiencing some symptoms of age-related hearing loss. If he is typical for his age, which sound would be the LEAST audible for him? the voice of a young child ringing in the ears a low, bass beat music on headphones

answer

the voice of a young child

question

A decade-long study of Finns found that those high in extroversion were likely to move from isolated areas to more urban environments, suggesting that: environment shapes personality personality determines genetic influences personality influences choices

answer

?

question

How do consequential strangers differ from friends? They include people from a wider variety of faiths, ethnic groups, ages, and political opinions. Unlike a friend, consequential strangers know nothing about a person. Unlike a friend, consequential strangers do not have much impact on one's life.

answer

? Unlike a friend, consequential strangers know nothing about a person.

question

What percentage of contemporary U.S. adults will never make a marriage-like commitment? about 30 less than 10 about 5 more than 40

answer

less than 10

question

Lena and Gregory are both 30 years old and hold graduate degrees. They are about to get married; this will be the first marriage for both of them, and neither has children to bring into the marriage. Statistically, their marriage MOST likely will: end in a divorce never experience any dips in satisfaction last until one of them dies be childless

answer

last until one of them dies

question

Ageism impacts the elderly by: invoking rebellion. empowering them to use their strengths and wisdom in their communities. undermining their feelings of competence and self-esteem. creating special opportunities for older adults that would not otherwise exist.

answer

undermining their feelings of competence and self-esteem.

question

The main reason we may not notice the young-old is that: they are a problem-prone minority. there are relatively few of them. they do not fit our stereotypes of the elderly.

answer

they do not fit our stereotypes of the elderly.

question

The Hayflick limit is a natural limit to the: life span of a victim of an infectious disease. size of the earth's population. number of times cells can divide. number of children born to one set of parents.

answer

number of times cells can divide

question

Elderly drivers have fewer car accidents than young people do because: strict laws require retesting for drivers over age 65 younger drivers have poorer peripheral vision their reaction time slows, so they don't make implusive decisions elderly drivers compensate for deficiencies by driving more slowly and avoiding night driving

answer

elderly drivers compensate for deficiencies by driving more slowly and avoiding night driving

question

Older adults have _____ vocabularies; they have _____ fluency. extensive; extensive limited; limited limited; extensive extensive; limited

answer

extensive; limited

question

Vera was diagnosed with Alzheimer disease while in middle age. Her doctor told her family that, compared to the kind of Alzheimer's disease that develops in old age, this version: progresses more slowly. progresses more rapidly. has many more symptoms.

answer

progresses more rapidly

question

__ is a common condition because many elderly people take many different prescription drugs. Undernourishment Reversible dementia Pick's disease Polypharmacy

answer

Polypharmacy

question

After mandatory retirement was outlawed on a federal level in the 1980s, the average retirement age in the United States: stayed the same increased dramatically was no longer measured decreased

answer

decreased

question

Today, most never-married older adults in the United States are: pitied or ridiculed about as happy as people in long-term marriages still seeking a mate unlikely to have a mate or partner of any kind

answer

about as happy as people in long-term marriages

question

The changes of primary aging are: caused by disease. preventable. reversible. universal.

answer

universal.

question

The number of years an average newborn of a given species lives is the: average life expectancy. species life expectancy. maximum life span. minimum life span.

answer

average life expectancy.

question

Using elderspeak when engaging in conversation with an older adult: aids in hearing all words spoken. is demeaning. endears the speaker to the elder. helps the individual comprehend the meaning of the conversation.

answer

is demeaning.

question

Which of the following components of the human information-processing system functions as executive? control processes working memory knowledge base tertiary memory

answer

control processes

question

Which of the following is crucial when older people have sensory loss? greater dependency reduction in time spent out of the home acceptance compensation

answer

compensation

question

A family of many generations but only a few members of each generation describes the ______ family pattern. nuclear beanpole collective stratified

answer

beanpole

question

A man who is almost 65 years old develops a more passive style of interaction and withdraws from society. Which theory predicts this behavior? selective optimization continuity self-actualization disengagement

answer

disengagement

question

Brad has added a room onto his house in anticipation of his elderly parents moving in with him. As the oldest son, he feels obligated to provide care for them out of a sense of: filial responsibility. guilt. satisfaction in spending their final years together. family ethics.

answer

filial responsibility.

question

Claire and Dennis have lived in the same house for over 40 years. They reared their children there and were actively involved in the community. As they age, their children want them to move to a nearby small apartment. Like many other older adults, Claire and Dennis: will leave their house but will not sell it. prefer to age in place. want their children to move back into the family home. look forward to living closer to their children.

answer

prefer to age in place.

question

Life satisfaction for the elderly correlates with: ethnic group more than religion. income more than social contact. friends more than family.

answer

?friends more than family

question

In developed nations, the style of grandparenting that generally is most common is the ______ role. companionate remote involved surrogate parent

answer

companionate

question

The term \"ADL\" refers to aged developmental limitations. activities of daily life. association for disabled living. Alzheimer's disease.

answer

activities of daily life.

question

Which of the following is a true statement about family caregivers of the frail elderly? Dementia greatly increases the burden of caretaking. Daughters-in-law are often grateful that they can reciprocate for nurturing they once received. A majority eventually become clinically depressed.

answer

Dementia greatly increases the burden of caretaking.

question

Which of the following is true of selective optimization with compensation? Older adults who use it are those with poor self-efficacy. It expects that older adults will attempt to continue to do everything they have always done. It was first emphasized by Freud and Erikson. It involves older adults figuring out how to accomplish what they want despite their limitations.

answer

It involves older adults figuring out how to accomplish what they want despite their limitations.

question

Which of the following theories claim that social forces limit individual choice and direct life, especially in late adulthood? dynamic theories stratification theories behavioral theories self theories

answer

stratification theories

question

With regard to their grown children, most elderly people: withdraw from family connections. lose interest in their children. try to control their children's lives. are more likely to give financial support than to receive it.

answer

are more likely to give financial support than to receive it.

Developmental PSY211 Final

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