Development (Ch.4) Psychology Quiz G – Flashcards
Unlock all answers in this set
Unlock answersquestion
A major cognitive advance made during the sensorimotor stage is the ability to
answer
make mental representations of objects that are not physically present.
question
A newborn duckling will imprint with
answer
the first moving animal the duck sees.
question
According to Erikson, ego-integrity
answer
is looking back on one's life without regrets.
question
According to Erikson, the identity crisis is experienced
answer
during adolescence.
question
According to Kohlberg's findings, the highest stage of moral reasoning is evident when an individual acts in order to
answer
achieve justice and avoid self-condemnation.
question
According to Piaget, the two basic processes at work in cognitive growth are
answer
assimilation and accommodation.
question
Adolescence is characterized by Piaget's
answer
formal operational stage.
question
Alcohol and nicotine are among the most common what?
answer
teratogens.
question
Andre says that his G.I. Joe is hungry because of the concept of
answer
animistic thinking.
question
Assimilation occurs when people
answer
modify new information to fit into what is already known
question
At birth, an infant ___________.
answer
would be considered legally blind.
question
Because Jade has not mastered object permanence, she believes that
answer
the hidden doll no longer exists.
question
Daryl believes that there is more Silly Putty when it is in a ball shape than when John makes it into a big 'pancake,' because Daryl has
answer
not mastered conservation
question
Dr. Thomas believes that development occurs in stages. We can say that Dr. Thomas _________.
answer
endorses the discontinuity view
question
What is it called when older individuals maintain only the most important social contacts?
answer
selective social interaction
question
During the formal operational stage, thinking becomes
answer
abstract.
question
Four-year-old Bonnie wants to pick out and put on her clothes without any assistance from her mother. According to Erikson, Bonnie is in which stage?
answer
initiative vs. guilt
question
Harlow's famous attachment studies involved
answer
monkeys
question
In Order, what are the three stages a human goes through while in the womb?
answer
zygote, embryo, and fetus.
question
Jean Piaget is best known for his efforts to understand what?
answer
The way children think, reason, and solve problems
question
Kagan's temperament research found that about 10% of babies are "born" either of which two ways?
answer
shy or bold
question
Life periods which are initiated by distinct change are ________________.
answer
known as developmental stages.
question
Parents risk undermining their child's healthy resolution of the initiative vs. guilt stage primarily by
answer
being too controlling.
question
Piaget's stages of cognitive development occur in which of the following sequences?
answer
Piaget's stages of cognitive development occur in which of the following sequences?
question
Problems caused by genetic disorders such as Down syndrome ___________________.
answer
can sometimes be improved by learning-based treatments.
question
Psychologists believe that avoidant children act unconcerned when separated from their mothers because
answer
they no longer seek attachment because their efforts have met with rejection in the past.
question
Some animal species have an innate predisposition to form attachment. This tendency is called
answer
imprinting.
question
Studies have shown that one of the major sources of concern for adolescents is their
answer
physical appearance.
question
The heartbeat begins during which developmental period?
answer
embryo
question
The risk of facial abnormalities is greatest when alcohol is consumed in what part of pregnancy?
answer
The first two months
question
The risk of rubella is greatest at what time during pregnancy?
answer
Between two and four weeks
question
What are Developmental Psychologists almost always most interested in trying to do?
answer
determine how organisms change over time.
question
What does Piaget call it when a child modifies new environmental information to fit into what is already known?
answer
Assimilation
question
What does Piaget call it when a child restructures existing schemes so that new information is accounted for more completely?
answer
Accommodation
question
What have Adoption studies demonstrated?
answer
heredity makes a substantial contribution to both intelligence and alcoholism
question
What is the term for the predictable process of growth that is typical of all species' members reared in adequate environments?
answer
maturation
question
Which cognitive theorist began his investigations by carefully observing his own three children?
answer
Piaget
question
Which of the following is TRUE about sensory development in infants? a. Infants fail to respond to the smell of rotten eggs and bananas. b. Infants show signs of pleasure at the taste of sugar water. c. Infants prefer unsalted to salted cereal. d. Infants' eyes are not alert for several days after birth. e. Infants do not really have a sense of touch.
answer
Infants show signs of pleasure at the taste of sugar water.
question
Which of the following is TRUE of children's vision? a. Infants can see at 20 feet what most people can see at 50 feet. b. At one week, a child can detect contours of a head at a close distance. c. Infants prefer human faces to most other stimuli. d. Babies typically can see color by about three weeks. e. At birth, a baby can scan the features of a caregiver's face.
answer
Infants prefer human faces to most other stimuli.
question
Which of the following situations involves a self-fulfilling prophecy?
answer
the relative importance of heredity and environment
question
Which theory argues that children acquire knowledge by following an inborn program of steps to acquire vocabulary?
answer
innateness theory
question
The idea that people have biologically predetermined mental structures that allow people to comprehend and produce speech was proposed by
answer
Noam Chomsky.
question
It is believed that which of the following is most responsible for our ability to speak and to understand grammar?
answer
Language Acquisition Device (LAD)
question
Shelley is just beginning to produce speech like sounds and to take turns with vocalizations. Shelley is most likely in which stage of speech production?
answer
babbling
question
By the age of six, the average child is estimated to understand an astounding __________ words.
answer
14,000
question
Between 18 months and 6 years of age, children learn approximately how many new words per day?
answer
nine
question
Around age 18 months, children's word learning often takes off at an amazing rate, during a phase called
answer
the naming explosion
question
21-month-old Kevin is in the third stage of language acquisition making utterances in a variety of sequences as he is trying to convey more complex meanings. He is in the
answer
two-word stage
question
While in the two-word stage, a child would be LEAST likely to say which of the following?
answer
Ball want
question
Children first develop the rules of grammar during which stage of language acquisition?
answer
the two-word stage
question
Speech that consists of short, simple sequences of nouns and verbs without plurals or tenses is known as
answer
telegraphic
question
Donal is beginning to form multi-word sentences. When he says things like, "Donal eat cookie full," he is using
answer
telegraphic speech.
question
Meaningful units of language are called
answer
morphemes
question
Word units that mark possession, tense, and plurality are examples of
answer
morphemes.
question
Sachin says, "We eated pizza for dinner." He has made the error of
answer
overregularization.
question
A child who knows that the family dog still exists even when the dog leaves the room has acquired object permanence.
answer
true
question
By the year 2030, there will be less people who are 60 and older than there are people who are younger than 20
answer
False
question
In Harlow's research, it was found that contact was as important as food in determining attachment.
answer
False
question
Infants prefer human faces to other visual patterns.
answer
True
question
Neglect can affect the time at which a child becomes capable of locomotion.
answer
True
question
Newborns tend to prefer the sound of female voices.
answer
True
question
While in the babbling stage, babies make nearly all sounds heard in all languages.
answer
True
question
The brain attains its ultimate mass by about 11 years of age.
answer
True
question
Growth in the brain after 11 years of age is due to the appearance of additional neurons.
answer
False
