Criminology first exam – Flashcards
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____ is human activity that violates social norms
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Deviance
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People appear to be particularly fascinated by ______ crime
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violent
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Which of the following statements about deviance and crime is true
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Deviant and criminal behavior can overlap
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The _____ perspective is most applicable to mohogeneous societies
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consensus
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Which of the following individuals probably would not be considered a criminologist
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Corrections officer
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A(n) ____ theory of crime is one that attempts to explain all or most forms of criminal conduct through a single overarching approach.
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General
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A_____ is made up of clearly stated propositions suggesting relationships between events and occurrences being studied.
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Theory
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The concept of ______ refers to the view that social events are interpreted differently according to the viewer.
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Social Relatively
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The Bureau of Justice Statistics is responsible for the
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NCVS.
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The______ is considered by many researchers to be a more accurate measure of the actual incidence of crime in the United States.
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NCVS
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According to the NCVS, _______ is the least likely crime to be reported to the police.
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larceny, theft
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Which of the following crimes was not one of the original seven UCR Part one offenses?
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Arson
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Which of the following crimes is not considered a property crime by the UCR?
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Robbery
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The proportions of reported or discovered crime within a given offense category which is solved by the police is known as the _________
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clearance rate.
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Which of the following is not a reason why rape victims fail to report their victimization?
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Crime is not important
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The category of crimes in NIBRS which corresponds most closely to the UCR Part one Offenses is ________
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Group A.
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Which of the following crimes is not a Part one offense of the Uniform Crime Report?
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Kidnapping
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The Panopticon was envisioned by _______
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Jeremy Q. Bentham
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Bentham's approach is known as ________
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Hedonistic
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Which of the following is not a critique of classical criminology
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Freewill
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_______ determinism is the belief that much of human behavior results from forces outside the individual's control.
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Hard
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The nothing works doctrine was based on the work of
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Robert Martinson
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The argument that crime is not a result of poverty or social conditions and therefore cannot be affected by social programs was made by________
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James Wilson
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The ______ model is predicated on the belief that criminals deserve punishment because of the choices the make
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Justice
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The variety of rational choice theory that builds on an emerging emphasis on victimization is known as ______
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Routine activity
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Routine Activities theory was developed by _______
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Marcus Felson and Lawrence E. Cohen.
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According to routine activities theory, which of the following is not required for a crime to occur.
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Defensible Deturnace
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The just deserts concept is inherent is which model
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Justice Model
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_______ seeks to prevent a particular offender from engaging in repeat criminality
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Specific deterrence
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According to opponents of capital punishment, which of the following is a true statement
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More expensive than imprisonment
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Research by _________ found that a small number of chronic recidivism were responsible for a large majority of serious violent crime
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Wolfgang
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Which of the following is not one of the basic assumptions or principles of the classical school
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Human behavior is beyond the control of person
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According to Beccaria, punishment should be imposed to
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To stop them from doing it again
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Which of the following statements, would not be made by a biological theorist
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COntrolled by freewill
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According to Gall, the shape of which body part can be used to predict criminality
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The Skull
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___________ brought phrenological theory to the United States and helped to spread its influence
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Johann Spurzheim
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The term positivism came from the writings of _______
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Auguste Comte
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Atavism implies the notion that criminals ________
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born that way
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According to ________, criminals were occasional criminals who were pulled into breaking the law by virtue of environment influences
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Lombroso
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A term to describe a male offender with _________ chromosome is Supermale
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XYY
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According to WIlliam Sheldon, ________ have the greatest likelihood of becoming criminal offenders
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Mesomorph
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Studies such as those focusing on the Jukes and Kallikak families suggest that criminal tendencies are _______ based
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genetic
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In his study of the Kallikak family, Goddard concluded that a tendency toward ________ was inherited
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Final Minded
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The eugenics movement called for _______
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Sterilization
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The case of Buck v. Bell ensured
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Sterilization was Legal
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Which of the following is not a characteristic of an ________ male short
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XXY
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The unusual genetic makeup of _______ is known as Klinefelter's syndrome
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XXY
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If human behavior has a substantial heritable component, which of the following results would you expect from a study of twins
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MC twins would be most similar
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According to sociologist much of the conflict among human is explained by
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Territoriality
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A large ________ was begun in 1968 by European researches Karl O. Christiansen and Sarnoff Mednick
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first twin study
