Criminalistics: Chapter 14 Forensic Serology

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1. Karl Landsteiner discovered that blood can be classified by its
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Type
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2. True or False: No two individuals, except for identical twins, can be expected to have the same combination of blood types or antigens.
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False
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3. is the fluid portion of unclotted blood
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Plasma
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4. The liquid that separates from the blood when a clot is formed is called the
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Serum
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5. transport oxygen from the lungs to the body tissues and carry carbon dioxide back to the lungs
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Red blood cells
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6. On the surface of red blood cells are chemical substances called , which impart blood type characteristics to the cells
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Antigens
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7. Type A individuals have antigens on the surface of their red blood cells
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A
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8. Type O individuals have (both A and B, neither A nor B) antigens on their red blood cells
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Neither
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9. The presence or absence of the and antigens on the red blood cells determines a person's blood type in the A-B-O system
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A; B
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10. The D antigen is also known as the antigen.
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Rh
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11. Serum contains proteins known as , which destroy or inactivate antigens
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Antibodies
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12. An antibody reacts with (any, only a specific) antigen
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Only a specific
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13. True or False: Agglutination describes the clumping together of red blood cells by the action of an antibody.
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True
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14. Type B blood contains antigens and anti- antibodies
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B; A
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15. Type AB blood has (both anti-A and anti-B, neither anti-A nor anti-B) antigens
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Neither
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16. A drug-protein complex can be injected into an animal to form specific for that drug
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Antibodies
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17. The term describes the study of antigen-antibody reactions
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Serology
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18. Type AB blood (is, is not) agglutinated by both anti-A and anti-B serum
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Is
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19. Type B red blood cells agglutinate when added to type (A, B) blood
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A
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20. Type A red blood cells agglutinate when added to type (AB, O) blood
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O
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21. The distribution of type A blood in the United States is approximately (42, 15) percent
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42%
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22. The distribution of type AB blood in the United States is approximately (12, 3) percent
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3%
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23. (All, Most) blood hemoglobin has peroxidase-like activity
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All
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24. For many years, the most commonly used color test for identifying blood was the color test
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Benzidine
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25. reagent reacts with blood, causing it to luminesce
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Luminol
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26. Blood can be characterized as being of human origin by the test
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Precipitin
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27. Antigens and antibodies (can, cannot) be induced to move toward each other under the influence of an electrical field
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Can
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28. The basic unit of heredity is the .
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Gene
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29. Genes are positioned on threadlike bodies called
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Chromosomes
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30. All nucleated cells in the human body, except the reproductive cells, have pairs of chromosomes.
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23
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31. The sex of an offspring is always determined by the (mother, father).
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Father
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32. Genes that influence a given characteristic and are aligned with one another on a chromosome pair are known as .
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Alleles
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33. When a pair of allelic genes is identical, the genes are said to be (homozygous, heterozygous).
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Sperm
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34. The color test is used to locate and characterize seminal stains.
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Acid phosphatase test
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35. Semen is unequivocally identified by the microscopic appearance of .
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Sperm
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36. Males with a low sperm count have a condition known as (oligospermia, aspermia).
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Oligospermia
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37. The protein is useful for the characterization of semen.
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P30
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38. True or False: DNA may be transferred to an object through the medium of perspiration.
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True
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39. True or False: Seminal constituents may remain in the vagina for up to six days after intercourse.
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True
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1. An immunological assay technique used to detect the presence of minute quantities of drugs in blood and urine is .
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Enzyme-multiplied immunoassay technique (EMIT)
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2. Antibodies designed to interact with a specific antigen site are (monoclonal, polyclonal).
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Monoclonal
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3. True or False: Hybridoma cells are used to produce antigens designed to attack one and only one site on an antibody.
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True
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4. A (phenotype, genotype) is an observable characteristic of an individual.
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Phenotype
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5. The combination of genes present in the cells of an individual is called the .
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Genotype
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6. A gene (will, will not) appear in a child when it is present in one of the parents.
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Will
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7. A type B individual may have the genotype or the genotype .
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BB; BO
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8. A type AB mother and type AB father will have offspring of what possible genotypes?
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A; B; AB
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9. A type AB mother and type AB father will have offspring of what possible phenotypes?
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AA; BB; AB
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