question

How many breaths and compressions for each cycle of CPR?

answer

30 commpressions 2 breaths

question

How do you treat a cut/ gash on arm?

answer

With clean dressing put Gause pads on the cut. hold for 1 minute and state holding for one minute. if bleading continues put on clean Gause pad and hold 1 more minute then bleading should subside. wrap arm with some kind of Gause roll to maintain pressure.

question

To preform CPR on an infant the rescuer should do compressions at a rate of.....

answer

at least 100 commpressions a minute

question

A young man was standing to close to a fire and the hair caught on fire. The fire was estinguished quickly but the sikin on the forhead is mildly burned. You should...

answer

Cool the burn with cold but not ice water

question

what are the steps to cheking a uncouncious person?

answer

Make sure scene is safe, tap shoulder asking "are u ok" while looking for breathing, check corotid pulse, give 30 compressions, check for corotid again, begin CPR

question

What are signs that indicate a medical emergency?

answer

unusual noise, sight, odor, appearance, behavior.

question

List some barriers to action

answer

presence of other people, unsure of victim's condition, type of injury or illness, fear of catching disease, fear of doing something wrong, being unsure when to call 911.

question

Name the 3 C's

answer

check, call, care.

question

Check what?

answer

scene safety, victims, bystanders, signs and clues, airway, breathing, circulation.

question

Call who?

answer

911 or EMS.

question

How long should you check a victim's breathing?

answer

10 seconds.

question

Define: implied consent

answer

to assume a victim would give permission to treat them if they were conscious.

question

Transmitting diseases key things

answer

can be airborne, in a fluid, or vector (bite), injured person must be infected, rescuer has to have a break in skin, must be sufficient amount of pathogens.

question

Define: pathogens

answer

a disease causing microorganism.

question

Care for first 2 minutes IF:

answer

unconscious adult, adolescent, or infant, or witnessed collapse.

question

Call first FOR:

answer

cardiac emergencies, drowning victims, unwitnessed collapse.

question

respiratory organs

answer

airway and lungs.

question

respiratory system job

answer

supplies body with oxygen and removes carbon dioxide by breathing.

question

common respiratory problems

answer

asthma, respiratory distress, respiratory arrest.

question

circulatory organs

answer

heart, blood, blood vessels.

question

Which direction do arteries and veins pump blood?

answer

arteries pump blood away from the heart, veins pump towards.

question

circulatory system job

answer

transports nutrients and oxygen to body cells and removes waste products.

question

common circulatory problems

answer

cardiac arrest, heart attacks, blood clots.

question

nervous system organs

answer

brain, spinal cord, nerves.

question

nervous system job

answer

transmits messages to and from the brain to regulate all of the body and its' systems.

question

common nervous system problems

answer

paralysis, seizures, strokes, concussions, fainting, loss of consciousness.

question

musculo-skeletal organs

answer

bones, ligaments, tendons.

question

What can you sprain and strain?

answer

sprain ligaments and muscles, strain tendons.

question

musculo-skeletal job

answer

provides framework, protects internal organs, allows movement and heat.

question

common musculo-skeletal problems

answer

breaks, tears, sprains, strains, and fractures.

question

integumentary system organs

answer

skin, nails, hair.

question

integumentary system job

answer

prevents infection, dehydration, and regulates body temperature.

question

common integumentary system problems

answer

breaks, tears, punctures, lacerations, abrasions.

question

digestive system organs

answer

mouth, esophagus, stomach, intestines, liver, pancreas, gallbladder.

question

digestive system job

answer

breaks down food to supply body with energy.

question

common digestive system problems

answer

ulcers, choking, allergies, food poisioning.

question

endocrine system organs

answer

glands.

question

endocrine system job

answer

secretes hormones into blood.

question

common endocrine problem

answer

diabetes.

question

genitourinary system organs

answer

uterus, genitilia, kidneys, bladder.

question

genitourinary system job

answer

reproduction, removes waste, and regulates water balance.

question

common genitourinary system problems

answer

dehydration, infections.

question

What is the medical term for a bruise?

answer

ecchymatic.

question

List body cavities from head to toe

answer

cranial, thoracic, abdominal, pelvic.

question

common breathing emergencies

answer

choking, illnesses, asthma, electrocution, shock, drowning, heart attack, allergic reactions, drugs, emphysema, bronchitis, croup, hyperventilating.

question

asthma

answer

a condition that narrows the breathing passages and makes it difficult to breathe, caused by a spasm of the muscle lining in the bronchi.

question

asthma signs and symptoms

answer

wheezing, difficulty breathing, painful breathing.

question

asthma treatment

answer

medications (inhaler, fresh air).

question

bronchitis

answer

a disease resulting in inflammation of the lining of the trachea, bronchi, and bronchioles.

question

bronchitis signs and symptoms

answer

persistent cough, chest tightness, difficulty breathing.

question

bronchitis treatment

answer

antibiotics.

question

anaphylatic shock

answer

a severe allergic reaction that can restrict and swell a person's chest cavity and cause death.

question

anaphylatic shock causes/symptoms

answer

caused by insect stings, food, medication. symptons include chest tightness, swelling of throat, face, and neck, difficulty breathing, dizziness, confusion.

question

anaphylatic shock treatment

answer

epipen, call 911.

question

croup

answer

a common viral illness in children that causes swelling of the tissues around the vocal cords, characterized by a "seal bark" type of cough.

question

croup treatment

answer

fresh cool air, steamy bathroom.

question

epiglottitis

answer

a bacterial infection that causes severe inflammation of the epiglottis.

question

epiglottitis signs and treatment

answer

appear ill, fever, sore throat, sitting up to breathe, drooling, difficulty swallowing. treat with antibiotics.

question

hyperventilation

answer

occurs when breathing is faster than normal, imbalance of oxygen and carbon dioxide, occurs in nervous people, people who are in shock and tense.

question

hyperventilation treatment

answer

relax the victim.

question

general respiratory distress care

answer

call 911, help victim rest comfortably, monitor abc's, keep victim from overheating or chilling, assist victim in taking medications.

question

Respiratory distress can lead to...?

answer

respiratory arrest and body systems deterioration, cardiac arrest, death.

question

2 types of choking

answer

anatomical, mechanical.

question

Stopping choking techniques

answer

5 back blows, 5 abdominal thrusts

question

heart attack symptoms

answer

chest pain, chest heaviness, pale skin, weak pulse, nausea, vomitting, pain radiating to left arm, indigestion, short of breath, sweating.

question

heart attack care

answer

call 911, rest in comfortable posistion, take nitroglycerine under tongue if available (1 every 3 minutes), montior abc's.

question

adult cpr guidelines

answer

2 hands on sternum, compress 1 1/2 inches-2inches, 30-2 compression to breaths rate, 5 cycles in 2 minutes.

question

child cpr guidelines

answer

1 hand on chest, (rescue breathing is 1 every 3 seconds), compress 1 inch-1 1/2 inches, 5 cycles in 2 minutes.

question

infant cpr guidelines

answer

2 fingers, (rescue breathing is 1 every 3 seconds), mouth covers over mouth and nose, compress 1/2inch-1inch, 5 cycles in 2 minutes.

question

cardiac chain of survival

answer

early recognition, early cpr, early defibrilation, early advanced medical care.

question

When do you stop cpr?

answer

try not to however, if the scene becomes unsafe, victim shows signs of life, aed becomes available, another trained responder arrives, too exhausted to continue.

question

causes of cardiac arrest

answer

drugs, respiratory arrest, drowning, electrocution, weak heart, suffocation, firearm injuries, poison, genetic history factors.

question

clotting

answer

process which blood thickens at a wound site to seal a hole or tear and stop bleeding.

question

direct pressure

answer

pressure applied on a wound to control bleeding

question

hemorrhage

answer

loss of a large amount of blood in a short period of time.

question

signs of internal bleeding

answer

discoloration, tenderness, swollen, hard tissues, anxiety, restlessness, rapid breathing, cool, moist, pale skin, nausea, vomitting, excessive thirst, declining level of consciousness.

question

closed wound general care

answer

apply direct pressure, apply cold pack, call 911 if severe.

question

minor open wound general care

answer

wash out, apply sterile dressing, direct pressure, antiobiotic ointment.

question

major open wound general care

answer

do NOT wash, apply clean dressing, apply direct pressure, bandage, call 911.

question

embedded objects wound care

answer

do NOT remove object unless it's preventing breathing, use bulky bandages, be careful not to further move object, control bleeding, call 911.

question

causes of burns

answer

heat, chemicals, electricity, solar radiation.

question

first degree burns signs and symptoms

answer

red, dry skin, area is painful, area is swollen (superficial).

question

second degree burns signs and symptoms

answer

red, wet, skin, open and closed blisters, skin spotted and blotchy, painful, swollen, (deep).

question

third degree burns signs and symptoms

answer

brown or charred skin, tissue underneath appear white, painful, may be life threatening*.

question

critical burns locations

answer

face, hands, feet, genitals, airway.

question

general burns care

answer

stop burning process, cool the burned area, cover the burned area with a bandage, minimize shock, call 911 if third degree.

question

rocky mountain spotted fever

answer

a serious tick borne disease caused by wood or dog ticks

question

rocky mountain spotted fever signs and symptoms

answer

spotted rash on ankles or wrists that spreads, fevers, chills, severe headaches, joint and muscle aches. *early treatment important because victim could die of kidney failure!!*

question

lyme disease signs and symptoms

answer

tick bite, red rash in bulls eye appearance, fevers, chills, headaches, fatigue, flu-like symptons. *contracted by deer ticks*

question

stings and bites signs and symptoms

answer

stinger present, bite marks, pain, local swelling, rash, hives, nausea, difficulty breathing, itchiness.

question

stings and bites general care

answer

remove stinger by scraping with fingernail or credit card, never use tweezers (only with ticks), wash wound, cover with bandage, apply ice, watch for allergic reactions.

question

spider bites signs and symptoms

answer

bite marks, black widow bites exhibit sharp pain, brown recluse bites swell and blister, pain, cramping, nausea, vomitting, difficulty breathing/swallowing, sweating, irregular heartbeat.

question

spider bites care

answer

call 911 as soon as possible, antivenin!

question

snake bites signs and symptoms

answer

fang bite marks, pain, burning, swelling, tingling, numbness.

question

snake bite care

answer

wash, apply ice, immobolize, call 911, if pit viper you need antivenin.

question

jellyfish sting care

answer

soak in vinegar, alcohol, or baking soda paste (with water).

question

stingray sting care

answer

immobolize, soak in warm water until pain is gone, call 911 if severe.

question

tetanus signs and symptoms

answer

irritability, headache, fever, painful muscle spasms, symptons occur 3 to 5 days after bites/cuts. call 911.

question

head, neck, back injuries causes

answer

fall from heigh greater than own, motor vehicle accidents, blunt forces, violence, lightning.

question

head injury symptoms

answer

change in level of consciousness, pain, pressure, tingling sensation, partial/complete paralysis, blood from ears/nose, seizures, vomitting, nausea, impaired vision, headache, loss of balance, bruising around head/eyes.

question

inline stabilization warnings

answer

never use if head is severely angled, victim has pain, pressure, or muscle spasms, there is resistance when attempting to move head!

question

spine parts from top to bottom

answer

cervic, thoracic, lumbar, sacrum, coccyx.

question

eye injury general care

answer

keep on back, do not remove any embedded objects, apply dressing around object, stabilize object with cup, call 911.

question

common ear injuries

answer

soft tissue damage, eardrums, loss of hearing.

question

ear injury general care

answer

do NOT apply direct pressure, cover lightly, call 911.

question

scalp injury care

answer

control bleeding with direct pressure, DO NOT apply direct pressure if skull feels spongy (indicates skull fracture).

question

check injury care

answer

if bleeding inside of the mouth place dressings on inside and apply direct pressure, remove any embedded objects ONLY if impairs breathing, pull object in same direction it entered, apply pressure outside of mouth, sit and lean victim forward.

question

concussion causes

answer

force to head, causes temporary impairment of brain, may lose consciousness, memory, have severe headaches.

question

concussion care

answer

rest, medical help - could be severe!

question

nose injury care

answer

sit victim with head forward, pinch nose, apply ice, call 911 if caused by high blood pressure (bleeding).

question

chest injury signs and symptoms

answer

breathing difficulty, severe pain, obvious deformity, bruising, discoloration of skin, coughing up blood.

question

chest injury general care

answer

posistion in comfortable way to aid breathing, if ribs are broken bind arm to injured side.

question

sucking chest wound care

answer

apply occlusive dressing, treat other life threatening injuries, keep one corner of dressing open.

question

abdominal injury signs and symptoms

answer

severe pain, external bleeding, nausea, vomitting, bruising, pale ashen moist skin, weakness, thirst, rigid abdomen, organs protruding from abs.

question

abdominal injury general care

answer

lie victim on back, bend knees to reduce pain, call 911, control bleeding.

question

pelvis injury signs and symptons

answer

protruding organs, pain, bruising, bleeding, severed body parts... same care as abdominal injuries.

question

soft splint

answer

blankets, towels, pillows, slings.

question

rigid splints

answer

boards, metal strips, folded magazines.

question

anatomic splints

answer

refers to the use of the body like arms, legs.

question

commerical splint

answer

traction with pulleys and weights.

question

slings and cravats

answer

triangular bandages used to support arms, forearms, dressings, and bandaids.

question

splinting key things

answer

support injured thing in posistion you found it, cover open wounds, check area above and below color/warmth/feeling, apply splint above and below, sling into place not directly over injury, check fingers/toes for circulation, elevate if possible, rest, apply ice, prevent shock.

question

upper extremities

answer

forearm, phalanges, carpals, metacarpals.

question

shoulder injuries

answer

clavicle, scalpula, humerous, sprains, fractures, dislocation of shoulder.

question

shoulder injury general care

answer

control bleeding, support in comfortable posistion, if away from body use pillow to support under arm, create sling splint, ice, call 911 if broken.

question

arm injuries

answer

humerous, radius, ulna, fractures.

question

arm injury general care

answer

immobolize from shoulder to elbow, control bleeding, sling, if elbow injured DO NOT MOVE, call 911 if you can't find pulse.

question

lower extremity injuries

answer

femur, patella, tibia, fibula, tarsal, metatarsals, phalanges.

question

femur fraction key signs

answer

leg turned outward, muscle contracted, leg appears shorter, swollen, possible external bleeding.

question

lower extremity general care

answer

control any bleeding, immobolize, rest in comfortable posistion, elevate if possible, support leg, monitor color/warmth/feeling, call 911 if suspected broken.

question

knee injuries

answer

sprains, cuts, bruises, fractures, dislocations.

question

knee injury general care

answer

control bleeding, support/eleveate knee, ice, rest, splint if it can be straightened.

question

ankle and foot injuries

answer

sprains, fractures, tears, strains.

question

ankle and foot injury general care

answer

control bleeding, immobolize with soft splint, check toes for warmth/feeling/color, elevate, ice, call 911 if suspected broken.

question

fainting (syncope)

answer

temporary reduction of blood flow to the brain.

question

fainting signs and symptoms

answer

complete loss of consciousness, temporary reduction of blood to head, collapse.

question

fainting general care

answer

call 911, posistion on flat surface, monitor abc's, loosen clothing, elevate legs.

question

stroke

answer

disruption of blood flow to brain that can cause death or serious brain damage by a clotted artery.

question

stroke signs and symptoms

answer

altered level of consciousness, look/feels ill, sudden weakness, numbness, difficulty speaking or being understood, blurred vision, unequal pupils, severe headache, ringing in ears, drooling, loss of bladder control.

question

stroke general care

answer

call 911 fast, monitor abc's, clear fluids from mouth, reassure and comfort, don't give food.

question

2 types of strokes

answer

transit ischimic attack and cerebreal vascular accident.

question

List ways to prevent a stroke

answer

control blood pressure, diet, do not smoke, exercise regularly, control diabetes.

question

diabetes

answer

the pancreas doesn't produce unsulin that helps with glucose buildup.

question

diabetes type 1

answer

juvenile diabetes, insulin dependent diabetes where the body produces little or no insulin. must inject insulin into the body.

question

diabetes type 2

answer

adult onset diabetes, noninsulin dependent, body produces insulin but no enough, is more common, can be controlled by diet.

question

hypo/hyperglycemia

answer

hypo is when the insulin level is too high and sugar level is too low, hyperglycemia is too low and sugar is too high.

question

signs and symptons hypo/hyperglycemia

answer

flushed skin, hot, dry, skin, looks ill, sweet, fruity, body odor, irregular breathing, abnormal pulse.

question

diabetes general care

answer

if conscious give sugary foods or drinks if loss of consciousness call 911.

question

seizures

answer

sudden loss of body control can be chronic called epilepsy, caused by fevers (febrile), preceded by by aura, feels and looks ill.

question

seizures signs and symptons

answer

changes in level of consciousness, convulsions, fluids from mouth.

question

seizure general care

answer

ALLOW to happen, protect victim from injury self, monitor abc's, clear mouth of fluids by posistioning ons ide, call 911 (especially if repeated, pregnany, in water, or never had them before).

question

Poisons depend on:

answer

type/amount of substance, how and where the poison entered, time elapsed, weight, size, age of victim.

question

clues of poisoning

answer

vomit, open drug containers, drug paraphernilia, color of skin, irregular breathing, blue lips, consciousness, alcohol bottles, crushed plants, food.

question

poisoning signs and symptons

answer

nausea, vomiting, chest pain, abdominal pain, dizziness, sweating, seizures, skin discoloration, diarrhea, burns around mouth, headaches.

question

What is used to induce vomiting?

answer

syrup of ipecac.

question

What does activated charcoal do?

answer

neutralizes stomach and absorbs poisons.

question

When should vomitting not be induced?

answer

victim is unconscious, having seizures, pregnant in the last trimester, ingested corrosive substance.

question

4 ways to be poisoned

answer

ingested, absorbed, inhaled, injected.

question

types of absorbed poisons

answer

poison ivy, oak, sumac, wet and dry chemicals, lawn fertilizers.

question

absorbed poisons general care

answer

wash area with calamine lotion, benadryl, corticosteroids.

question

ingested poisons

answer

foods (bacterial and chemical)

question

ingested poisons general care

answer

antibiotics, prevent by properly cooking and handling food.

question

inhaled poisons

answer

carbon monoxide, paints, glues, gasoline.

question

inhaled poison general care

answer

get to fresh air, treat breathing conditions, call 911 if victim becomes or is unconscious.

question

frostbite signs and symptons

answer

cold, discolored skin, lack of feeling, waxy look, blisters, can be just nip, superficial, or deep.

question

frostbite general care

answer

handle very carefully, do NOT rub area, place in warm waters, bandage loosely, if fingers and toes place gauze in between each phalange.

question

hypothermia signs and symptons

answer

anything below 95 degrees, shivering, slow irregular heart beat, numbeness, apathy, numbness, change in level of consciousness, breathing difficulties.

question

hypothermia general care

answer

remove wet clothing, call 911, gradually rewarm, use dry blankets, give warm liquid if conscious.

question

heat cramps signs and symptons

answer

heavy sweating, rapid onset, pain, muscle spasms.

question

heat cramps general care

answer

rest in a cool place, drink cool water, stretch muscles.

question

heat exhaustion signs and symptons

answer

cool, moist, pale, skin, headaches, nausea, dizziness, weakness.

question

heat stroke signs and symptons

answer

sweating stops, red, hot, dry, skin, rapid rise temperature, rapid or weak pulse, changes in consciousness, body systems fail, can lead to cardiac arrest.

question

heat stroke and exhaustion general care

answer

ice packs under knees, wrists, call 911 if condition worsens, fan, cool body in any way.

question

what are the signs of a heart attack

answer

-chest discomfort (uncomfortable pressure, squeezing, fullness, or pain) -discomfort in other areas of upper body (one or both arms, the back, neck jaw or abdomen) -shortness of breath -cold sweat, nausea or light-headedness

question

what are the signs of shock

answer

-feel weak, faint or dizzy -feel nauseous or thirsty -have pale or grayish skin -act restless, agitated or confused -be cold and clammy to the touch

question

How to treat shock

answer

-help lie on her back -cover the person in shock to keep her warm -elevate the persons legs (with maybe a pillow)

question

where do you check a pulse of an adult?

answer

carotid pulse

question

where do you check a pulse for an infant?

answer

brachial artery

question

What separates the outer ear from the middle ear and what does it do?

answer

tympanic membrane -eardrum -vibrates the sound waves hit it and transmits the sound waves to the middle ear

question

What is the middle ear?

answer

-small space or cavity -contains 3 bones: malleus, incus and stapes -

question

What is the pinna or auricle

answer

-the visible part of the ear -leads to the auditory canal

question

what is the auditory canal?

answer

-place where sound waves though to hit the tympanic membrane

question

what are the 3 main layers to the eye?

answer

-sclera -cornea -choroid coat -retina

question

From the mouth to the lungs what is the order of stuff?

answer

-pharynx -epiglottis -larynx (voice box) -esophagus -trachea -esophagus

CPR/First Aid HOSA (2013) – Flashcards

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