question

the leading cause of death and disability in children and young adults is

answer

unintentional injuries

question

each year one person in ___ suffers a nonfatal injury serious enough to need medical attention or to restrict activity

answer

four

question

who primarily benefits from first aid training

answer

oneself

question

first aid is intended to

answer

provide temporary help until proper medical care, if needed, is obtained

question

properly applied, first aid may mean the difference between

answer

life and death, rapid recovery and long hospitalization, and temporary disability and permanent injury

question

consent to give first aid must be obtained from every victim who is

answer

responsive, mentally competent, and of legal age

question

if the victim is unresponsive, permission to give first aid is known as

answer

implied consent

question

which of the following is a true statement regarding obtaining consent to give first aid

answer

consent should be obtained from every responsive, mentally competent adult

question

in cases of psychiatric emergencies, who has the authority to restrain and transport a person

answer

a police officer

question

a first aider must stay with the victim until another equally or better trained person takes over failure to do so would be considered

answer

abandonment

question

deviating from accepted standards of care that results in further injury to the victim is known as

answer

negligence

question

duty to act, breach of duty (standard care), and injury and damages inflicted are all factors involved in

answer

assault or battery

question

which statement involving duty to act is correct

answer

occurs when employment requires it, occurs when a preexisting relationship exists, and follows guidelines for standards of care

question

occupations that include a legal obligation to give first aid include law enforcement officers, park rangers, athletic trainers, lifeguards, and

answer

flight attendants and fire fighters

question

a first aider who breaks his or her responsibility to a victim by failing to provide the type of care that another person with similar training would provide, commits

answer

breach of duty

question

failure to do what a responsible prudent person with the same or similar training would do in the same or similar circumstances is known as

answer

an act of omission

question

which of the following statements concerning Good Samaritan laws is true

answer

they protect first aiders acting in good faith

question

supplies in a first aid kit should be customized to include those items likely to be used

answer

on a regular basis

question

what level of care is a first aider expected to give

answer

standard of care

question

minimizing the risk of a lawsuit includes but is not limited to which of the following

answer

obtaining consent, not exceeding your training, and staying with the victim once care has began

question

___ encourage(s) people to assist others in distress by granting them immunity against lawsuits

answer

Good Samaritan laws

question

if a victim refuses first aid treatment, the first aid responder should

answer

call 9-1-1 and stay with the victim until help arrives

question

the Hadden Matrix is a strategy for ___ that can be applied to any type of illness or injury

answer

interventions

question

Who usually recognizes a situation as an emergency and acts to help the victim

answer

a bystander

question

who is a vital link between emergency medical services (EMS) and the victim

answer

bystanders

question

why are laypersons less likely to offer help when an emergency occurs in a public place

answer

lack of knowledge, confusion about what an emergency is, and characteristics of the emergency

question

a bystander who has seen the emergency happen is ___ to help than is a bystander who arrives after the event

answer

more likely

question

first aid and other assistance given by bystanders can be

answer

inadequate and potentially dangerous

question

what is the first action a bystander should take in an emergency

answer

recognize the emergency

question

severity, physical distance, relationship, and time exposed are all factors that can help the bystander

answer

recognize the emergency

question

refusing to acknowledge an emergency is a strategy that can interfere with which emergency action

answer

deciding to help

question

the most important time to decide whether to help in an emergency is

answer

before encountering an emergency

question

why might someone decide not to help in an emergency situation

answer

it may be harmful to the responder, helping does not matter, and no other bystanders are helping the victim

question

someone must call 9-1-1 if you are unsure of the victim's condition, if the victim's condition is life threatening or could become life threatening, or

answer

the victim needs the skill and equipment of EMS, a spinal injury is suspected, or distance or traffic could delay getting to the hospital

question

in a serious situation, who should you call first

answer

9-1-1

question

when calling 9-1-1, which of the following information should be given to EMS dispatch

answer

the victim;s location and condition, number of persons involved, and your name and the phone number you are calling from

question

desensitization relates to

answer

overcoming anxieties caused by unpleasant sights and sounds

question

a stressful event can be psychologically overwhelming and can result in a condition known as

answer

posttraumatic stress disorder

question

what should the rescuer look for during the scene size-up

answer

hazards that could be dangerous to the rescuer, the victim(s), or bystanders, the mechanism or cause of injury, and the number of victims

question

a(n) ___ is a medical condition caused by the growth and spread of small, harmful organisms within the body

answer

infectious disease

question

a(n) ___ is a disease that can be spread from one person to another

answer

communicable disease

question

personal protective equipment (PPE) includes

answer

exam gloves, mouth-to-barrier devices, and eye protection

question

the most common type of personal protective equipment available for first aiders to protect against blood borne pathogens is

answer

gloves

question

what is the best method for personal protection against contact with blood borne pathogens

answer

wearing proper personal protective equipment

question

which of the following are blood borne diseases

answer

Hepatitis B, Hepatitis C, and HIV

question

a vaccine is available for

answer

hepatitis B

question

Hepatitis C virus can cause ___ disease or cancer

answer

liver

question

___ is a potentially life-threatening viral infection

answer

SARS (severe acute respiratory syndrome)

question

___ are transmitted through the air by coughing or sneezing

answer

airborne diseases

question

the grieving process has ___ stages

answer

five

question

the first stage of grieving is ___

answer

denial

question

the second stage of grieving is ___

answer

anger

question

the third stage of grieving is ___

answer

bargaining

question

the fourth stage of grieving is ___

answer

depression

question

the fifth stage of grieving is ___

answer

acceptance

question

the ___ stage of grieving is characterized by denial

answer

first

question

the ___ stage of grieving is characterized by bargaining

answer

third

question

the ___ stage of grieving is characterized by sadness and despair

answer

fourth

question

a key point in victim assessment is to conduct a ___

answer

primary check

question

the ___ helps determine the safety of the scene and the general condition of the victim

answer

scene size-up

question

the A in AVPU stands for

answer

airway

question

check the victim's responsiveness by gently tapping the victim's shoulder and asking loudly

answer

are you okay

question

for an alert, responsive victim, you can evaluate his or her ability to remember by asking

answer

person, place, time, and event

question

the RAP in RAP-CAB stands for

answer

responsive, activate, position

question

which method should be used to open the airway of an unresponsive victim

answer

head tilt-chin lift

question

which of the following indicates a breathing problem

answer

snoring, gargling, and wheezing

question

the checking for severe bleeding, search the

answer

victim's entire body --- head to toe, floor or ground for pooling blood, and victim's clothing

question

if the unresponsive victim is breathing, the best position for the victim is

answer

on the side

question

if the unresponsive victim has difficult breathing, place the victim

answer

in a modified HAINES recovery position

question

victims placed in a recovery position or HAINES position should be placed on their

answer

left side

question

squeezing the victim's fingers and toes is done when checking the victim for

answer

spinal injury

question

which of the following is a sign

answer

moist skin

question

which of the following is a symptom

answer

nausea

question

the T in DOTS stands for

answer

tenderness

question

the P in SAMPLE stands for

answer

preexisting conditions

question

circulation, sensation, and movement (CSM) is checked during assessment of the

answer

extremities

question

how do you check a victim's abdomen for tenderness

answer

gently press the four quadrants

question

while waiting for an ambulance, the initial assessment should be repeated every ___ minutes for an unresponsive victim

answer

5

question

abandonment

answer

failure to continue first aid until relieved by someone with the same or a higher level of training

question

act of commission

answer

doing something that a reasonably prudent person would not do under the same or similar circumstances

question

act of omission

answer

failure to do what a reasonably prudent person with the same or similar training would do in the same or similar circumstances

question

battery

answer

touching a person or providing first aid without consent

question

breach of duty

answer

when a first aider fails to provide the type of care that would be given by a person having the same or similar training

question

consent

answer

an agreement by a patient or victim to accept treatment offered as explained by medical personnel or first aiders

question

duty to act

answer

a person's responsibility to provide victim care

question

expressed consent

answer

permission for care that a victim gives verbally or with a head nod

question

first aid

answer

immediate care given to an injured or suddenly ill person

question

Good Samaritan laws

answer

laws that encourage people to voluntarily help an injured or suddenly ill person by minimizing the liability for errors made while rendering emergency care in good faith

question

implied consent

answer

an assumed consent given by an unconscious adult when emergency lifesaving treatment is required

question

negligence

answer

deviation from the accepted standard pf care that results in further injury to the victim

question

airborne diseases

answer

infections transmitted through the air, such as tuberculosis

question

bloodborne diseases

answer

infections transmitted through the blood, such as HIV or HBV

question

communicable disease

answer

a disease that can spread from person to person, or from animal to person

question

emergency medical services (EMS)

answer

a system that represents the combined efforts of several professionals and agencies to provide emergency medical care

question

grieving process

answer

feelings and emotions after a stressful situation that cause personal pain; people go through several stages of grieving

question

hepatitis B virus (HBV)

answer

a viral infection of the liver for which a vaccine is available

question

hepatitis C virus (HCV)

answer

a viral infection of the liver for which no vaccine is available

question

human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)

answer

the virus that can cause acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS)

question

infectious disease

answer

a medical condition caused by the growth of small, harmful organisms within the body

question

personal protective equipment (PPE)

answer

equipment, such as exam gloves, used to block the entry of an organism into the body

question

posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD)

answer

a delayed stress reaction to a prior emergency event

question

SARS (severe acute respiratory syndrome)

answer

a potentially life-threatening viral infection that usually starts with flu-like symptoms

question

scene size-up

answer

steps taken when approaching an emergency scene; steps include checking for hazards, noting the cause of injury or illness, and determining the number of victims

question

standard precautions

answer

protective measures that have traditionally been developed by the Centers For Disease Control And Prevention (CDC) for use in dealing with objects, blood, bodily fluids, or other potential exposure risks of communicable disease

question

tuberculosis

answer

a bacterial disease usually affecting the lungs

question

abdomen

answer

the body cavity that contains the major organs of digestion and exertion; it is located below the diaphragm and above the pelvis

question

Adam's apple

answer

the projection on the anterior surface of the neck, formed by the thyroid cartilage over the larynx

question

alveoli

answer

the air sacs of the lungs in which the exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide takes place

question

aorta

answer

the principal artery leaving the left side of the heart and carrying freshly oxygenated blood to the body

question

arteries

answer

a blood vessel, consisting of three layers of tissue and smooth muscle, that carries blood away from the heart

question

blood

answer

the fluid that circulates through the heart, arteries, capillaries, and veins carrying nutrients and oxygen to the body cells and removing waste products such as carbon dioxide and various metabolic products for excretion

question

bones

answer

the hard form of connective tissue that consists mostly of the skeleton in humans

question

brachial artery

answer

the artery of the arm that, in turn branches at the elbow into the radial and ulnar arteries; used to determine an infant's pulse

question

brain

answer

the soft, large mass of nerve tissue that is contained in the cranium

question

brain stem

answer

the area of the brain between the spinal cord and the cerebrum, surrounded by the cerebellum; controls functions that are necessary for life, such as respirations

question

capillaries

answer

the small blood vessels through whose walls various substances pass into and out of tissues and onto the cells

question

carotid artery

answer

the major arteries that supply blood to the head and brain

question

central nervous system (CNS)

answer

the brain and spinal cord

question

cerebellum

answer

one of the three major subdivisions of the brain; coordinates the various activities of the brain particularly fine body movements

question

cerebrospinal fluid (CSF)

answer

a clear, watery solution similar to blood plasma

question

cerebrum

answer

the largest part of three subdivisions of the brain, made up of several lobes that control movement, hearing, balance, speech, visual perception, emotions, and personality

question

circulatory system

answer

the arrangement of connected tubes, including the arteries, arteries, capillaries, venues, and veins, that moves blood, oxygen, nutrients, carbon dioxide, and cellular waste throughout the body

question

clavicle

answer

the collarbone

question

cranium

answer

the area of the head above the ears and eyes; the skull; this term contains the brain

question

dermis

answer

the inner layer of skin, containing hair follicles, sweat glands, nerve endings, and blood vessels

question

diaphragm

answer

a muscular dome that forms the undersurface of the thorax, separating the chest from the abdominal cavity; contraction of this term brings air into the lungs; relaxation allows air to be expelled from the lungs

question

dorsalis pedis artery

answer

the artery on the anterior (top) surface of the foot between the first and second metatarsals

question

epidermis

answer

the outer layer of the skin, which is made up of cell that are sealed together to form a water-tight protective covering for the body

question

esophagus

answer

a collapsible tube that extends from the pharynx to the stomach;; contractions of the muscles in the wall of this term propel food and liquids through it to the stomach

question

femoral artery

answer

the principal artery of the thigh; it supplies blood to the lower abdominal wall, external genitalia, and legs; it can be palpated in the groin area

question

femur

answer

the thighbone; the largest and one of the strongest bones in the body

question

floating ribs

answer

the 11th and 12th ribs, which do not attach to the sternum

question

heart

answer

a hollow muscular organ that receives blood from the veins and propels it into the arteries

question

humerus

answer

the supporting bone of the upper arm

question

joint

answer

the place where two bones come into contact

question

larynx

answer

the voice box

question

ligament

answer

a band of the fibrous tissue that contains bones to bone; it supports and strengthens a joint

question

nervous system

answer

the system that controls virtually all activities of the body, both voluntary and involuntary

question

patella

answer

the kneecap; a specialized bone that lies within the tendon of the quadriceps muscle

question

perfusion

answer

the circulation of oxygenated blood within a organ or tissue in adequate amounts to meet the cells' current needs

question

plasma

answer

a sticky, yellow fluid that carries the blood cells and nutrients and transports cellular waste material to the organs of excretion

question

platelets

answer

tiny, disk-shaped elements that are much smaller then cells; they are essential in the initial formation of a blood clot, the mechanism that stops bleeding

question

posterior tibial artery

answer

the artery just posterior to the medial malleolus; supplies blood to the foot

question

pulse

answer

the wave of pressure created as the heart contracts and forces blood out the left ventricle and into the major arteries

question

radial artery

answer

the major artery in the forearm; it is palpable at the wrist on the thumb side

question

radius

answer

the bone on the thumb side of the forearm

question

red blood cells

answer

cells that carry oxygen to the body;s tissues; also called erythrocytes

question

respiratory system

answer

all the structures of the body that contribute to the process of breathing, consisting of the upper and lower airways and their component parts

question

skeleteal muscle

answer

muscle that is attached to bones and usually crosses at least one joint; striated, or voluntary, muscle

question

skeleton

answer

the framework that gives us our recognizable form; also designed to allow motion of the body and protection of vital organs

question

smooth muscle

answer

nonstrained, involuntary muscle; it constitutes the bulk of the gastrointestinal tract and is present in every organ to regulate automatic activity

question

spinal cord

answer

an extension of the brain, composed of virtually all the nerves carrying messages between the brain and the rest of the body; it lies inside of and is protected by the spinal canal

question

tibia

answer

the shinbone; the larger of the two bones of the lower leg

question

trachea

answer

the windpipe; the main trunk for air passing to and from the lungs

question

ulna

answer

the inner bone of the forearm, on the side opposite the thumb

question

vein

answer

any blood vessel that carries blood from the tissues to the heart

question

voluntary muscle

answer

muscle that is under direct voluntary control of the brain and can be contracted or relaxed at will; skeletal or striated muscle

question

white blood cells

answer

blood cells that play a role in the body's immune defense mechanisms against infection

question

xiphoid process

answer

the lowest part of the sternum

question

defibrillation is most effective if used

answer

within 4 minutes (10 cycles) of CPR

question

what is the most common abnormal heart rhythm in cases of sudden cardiac arrest in adults

answer

ventricular fibrillation

question

during ventricular fibrillation, the heart

answer

quivers and cannot pump blood

question

during ventricular tachycardia (v-tach), the heart

answer

beats too fast to pump blood effectively

question

cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR)

answer

is the initial care for cardiac arrest until a defibrillator is available

question

an AED can

answer

analyze the heart's rhythm, deliver an electrical shock, and be used by trained laypersons

question

how many adhesive pads (electrodes) are placed on the victim's chest

answer

two

question

which of the following statements about AED is true

answer

the AED pads need to be attached to a dry chest

question

place the right AED pad

answer

right of the breastbone, just below the collarbone, above the right nipple

question

place the second AED pad

answer

on the left side of the chest, left of the nipple, above the lower rib margin

question

begin ___ immediately after the shock and follow the prompts of the AED

answer

CPR

question

avoid placing the AED pads ___ implanted devices

answer

directly over

question

which of the following statements about AED is true part 2

answer

remove patches containing medication (e.g. nitroglycerin, nicotine, or pain medicine)

question

rapid blood loss of ___ quart(s) or more in an adult can lead to shock and death

answer

1

question

the term ___ refers to a large amount of bleeding in a short time

answer

hemorrhage

question

in ___ bleeding, blood spurts up to several feet from the wound

answer

arterial

question

which is the most serious type of bleeding

answer

arterial

question

quiet often, ___ bleeding will clot and stop by itself

answer

capillary

question

if a dressing become blood-soaked, what should be done

answer

apply another dressing on top of the old one

question

what is the most effective method for controlling most types of bleeding

answer

direct pressure over the wound

question

when direct pressure cannot be applied, such as in the case of a protruding bone, bleeding should be controlled by using

answer

doughnut-shaped ring pads

question

which of the following is a sign of internal bleeding

answer

bruises of the skin, fractured ribs or bruises on the chest, vomiting or coughing up blood

question

to treat bruises, the first aider should

answer

apply an ice pack over the injury for 20 minutes

question

when adequate blood and oxygen are provided to all cells in different tissues and organs in the body, this is called

answer

perfusion

question

shock refers to the failure of which system

answer

cardiovascular

question

without oxygen, the brain will start to be damaged irreparably in ___ minutes

answer

2 to 3

question

without oxygen, the abdominal organs will start to be damaged irreparably in ___ minutes

answer

45 to 90

question

without oxygen, the skin and muscle cells will start to be damaged irreparably in ___ minutes

answer

180 to 360

question

the Perfusion Triangle includes

answer

heart, blood vessels, blood

question

hypovolemic shock refers to

answer

the loss of a significant amount of fluid

question

septic shock develops in some victims with

answer

bacterial infection

question

neurogenic shock results from

answer

damage to the nervous system

question

anaphylactic shock

answer

is a massive allergic reaction

question

which of the following are signs and symptoms of anaphylaxis

answer

swelling in the face, tongue, and lips, bluish lips (cyanosis), sneezing, coughing, wheezing

question

the early stage of shock is called

answer

compensated

question

the late stage of shock is called

answer

decompensated

question

which of the following statements about shock is correct

answer

a first aider can prevent shock from worsening

question

when a person experiences shock, the person's skin is usually

answer

clammy

question

victims of shock may experience ___ during the early stage of compensated shock

answer

anxiety and restlessness

question

a shock victim who is unresponsive or a victim of stroke should be placed:

answer

in a recovery position

question

why is neither food nor drink given to a shock victim

answer

it could cause nausea and vomiting

question

when treating a shock victim, the first aider should place blankets and/or coats

answer

under and over the victim

question

why are the legs NOT elevated more than 12 inches when treating for shock

answer

it would affect the victim's breathing

CPR/AED Exam Chapters 1-7 – Flashcards

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