Contemporary Biology Test #2 – Flashcards
85 test answers
Unlock all answers in this set
Unlock answers 85question
Has one copy of the recessive disease allele
answer
A carrier for a genetic disease:
Unlock the answer
question
Homozygous
answer
A person with 2 copies of the same allele is:
Unlock the answer
question
Has one copy of each chromosome
answer
A heterozygous organism:
Unlock the answer
question
Genes are found on chromosomes
answer
Which of the following is a true statement about chromosomes?
Unlock the answer
question
Meiosis
answer
Gametes fuse together during:
Unlock the answer
question
Identical
answer
Each person has 2 copies of their genes. These copies are equivalent but not
Unlock the answer
question
Mutation
answer
A mistake that changes genetic information is called a:
Unlock the answer
question
Contain the same genes
answer
Homologous chromosomes:
Unlock the answer
question
They cannot be influenced by the environment
answer
Which is NOT true about highly heritable traits:
Unlock the answer
question
4
answer
If you're interested in studying one gene within a human the Punnett square that you would use to predict the inheritance of the alleles would contain how many total boxes?
Unlock the answer
question
Genotype
answer
The genetic compositions of an individual.
Unlock the answer
question
Mutations
answer
DNA is often likened to an instruction manual. According to this analogy, the typographical errors that would inevitably result when the DNA "manual" is copied would be similar to:
Unlock the answer
question
Carriers
answer
In humans, heterozygous are referred to as ________, particularly when the recessive allele is associated with a genetic disease.
Unlock the answer
question
Qualitative
answer
A gene with alleles that code for two distinct phenotype is:
Unlock the answer
question
Protein
answer
A typical gene contains the instructions for making a:
Unlock the answer
question
Both genes and environment
answer
Intelligence is based on:
Unlock the answer
question
25%
answer
Cystic fibrosis is caused by the allele f, which is completely recessive to the normal dominant allele F. Consider a couple with the genotype Ff. What is the chance that their first child will develop cystic fibrosis?
Unlock the answer
question
50%
answer
Huntington's disease is caused by the allele H, which is completely dominant to the normal recessive allele h. Consider a couple where the man has the genotype Hh, and the woman has the genotype Hh. What is the chance that their first child will develop Huntington's disease?
Unlock the answer
question
Show continuous variation
answer
Typical quantitative traits:
Unlock the answer
question
Alleles
answer
Alternate forms of a gene are called:
Unlock the answer
question
64 trillion
answer
Combining gametes from your parents could have produced as many as ______ genetically distinct children.
Unlock the answer
question
tt
answer
In a certain plant species, thick-shelled seeds are caused by the dominant allele T, while thin-shelled seeds are caused by the recessive allele t. Consider an individual plant that has thin-shelled seeds. What is the genotype of this individual?
Unlock the answer
question
Huntington's disease
answer
Which of the following is an example of a qualitative trait in humans?
Unlock the answer
question
50%
answer
In pea plant genetics, round peas are dominant over wrinkled peas. Determine what percentage of the offspring of a Rr x rr cross would produce wrinkled peas.
Unlock the answer
question
Homologous chromosomes
answer
The members of a pair of chromosomes (for example, the two copies of chromosome 1) are called:
Unlock the answer
question
Your genotype
answer
The collection of alleles you carry is:
Unlock the answer
question
Different cell types contain the same genes but use different combinations of them
answer
What causes the difference between two human cell types (for example, a skin cell and a brain cell)?
Unlock the answer
question
Insert genes from any source into a plant
answer
A TI plasmid can be used to:
Unlock the answer
question
The redundancy of the genetic code
answer
Imagine that a mutation in a DNA molecule results in the codon CCU being changed to CCC. Both of these codons code for the same amino acid: proline. The fact that more than one codon can code for the same amino acid is referred to as:
Unlock the answer
question
An altered protein, which could result in a genetic disease
answer
A point mutation results in the incorporation of a new amino acid in a protein. Which of the following would be the most likely result?
Unlock the answer
question
The genetic code is universal
answer
Advances in our understanding of genetics and our ability to manipulate genes have greatly enhanced disease treatment. For example, we now use bacteria to produce insulin to treat diabetes. What property of the genetic code makes this possible?
Unlock the answer
question
Somatic cell gene therapy
answer
Which of the following treatments must be repeated periodically?
Unlock the answer
question
Transcription
answer
The process of copying a sequence of DNA nucleotides into complementary sequence of RNA nucleotides is called:
Unlock the answer
question
A totipotent stem cell
answer
Scientists studying a cell find it can divide to become any type of cell in the body. What kind of cell should they conclude they are studying?
Unlock the answer
question
Stem cells
answer
The undifferentiated cells that can be used in therapeutic cloning are
Unlock the answer
question
One or two nucleotides are added or deleted in a DNA strand
answer
Which of the following best represents a frameshift mutation:
Unlock the answer
question
They carry amino acids to the ribosome
answer
What is the function of tRNA molecules during translation?
Unlock the answer
question
A cancer caused by uncontrolled cell division
answer
Which type of disease condition would most likely be successfully treated by gene therapy?
Unlock the answer
question
Thymine (T)
answer
RNA is very similar to DNA but replaces one of the nitrogenous bases in DNA with uracil (U). Which of the bases in DNA is replaced by uracil?
Unlock the answer
question
Messenger RNA
answer
The RNA molecule that carries the sequence of nucleotides that hold the instructions for the order of amino acids in an entire protein is:
Unlock the answer
question
Restriction enzymes
answer
If a researcher wants to cut a piece of DNASE what would she use?
Unlock the answer
question
The transfer of genetically modified genes to weeds
answer
Which of the following is possible harmful environmental effect of genetically modified crops?
Unlock the answer
question
The amino acids it contains
answer
The shape of a protein is determined by:
Unlock the answer
question
An organism with genes from multiple species
answer
What is transgenic organism?
Unlock the answer
question
A plasmid
answer
The circular piece of DNA geneticists use to insert a new gene into bacterial cell where it can be replicated is called:
Unlock the answer
question
DNA -> RNA-> protein
answer
The sequence of events in the process of protein synthesis is usually:
Unlock the answer
question
The order of the bases A,T,G, and C in human DNA
answer
The raw data from the human genome project consists of:
Unlock the answer
question
Genome
answer
All the genes in an organism constitute its:
Unlock the answer
question
Frameshift mutation
answer
Which of these mutations is the most likely to be harmful?
Unlock the answer
question
A stop codon
answer
What signal causes the ribosome to end protein synthesis?
Unlock the answer
question
DNA-> RNA-> protein
answer
Which of the following best represents genetic information flow?
Unlock the answer
question
mRNA
answer
What type of RNA contains the instructions for building an entire protein?
Unlock the answer
question
Healthy tissues
answer
Therapeutic cloning aims to produce _______ from stem cells
Unlock the answer
question
Transgenic organisms
answer
What is another name for genetically modified organisms with genes from several sources?
Unlock the answer
question
Strand of mRNA
answer
When genes are copied in transcript, the resulting copy is in the form of a:
Unlock the answer
question
Codons
answer
The "highly specific molecule scissors" that cut DNA are called:
Unlock the answer
question
Protein
answer
A gene is instructions to create a:
Unlock the answer
question
A push-up
answer
Which of the following is an example of voluntary muscle contraction?
Unlock the answer
question
Conscious thought and striated muscle
answer
Voluntary movement relies upon:
Unlock the answer
question
In loose connective tissues, the protein fibers are loosely woven, but in fibrous connective tissues, the fibers are densely packed.
answer
How do the protein fibers in the matrix compare between loose and fibrous connective tissues?
Unlock the answer
question
To hold organs in place
answer
What is a function of loose connective tissue?
Unlock the answer
question
Basking in a sunny location
answer
In nature, an ectothermic animal maintains a constant body temperature on a cold day by
Unlock the answer
question
Panting when it gets too hot and shivering when it gets too cold
answer
Ectotherms primarily regulate their body temperature by:
Unlock the answer
question
Bile storage and concentration
answer
What function does the gallbladder serve?
Unlock the answer
question
Tissues
answer
Similar cells that are grouped together and perform a common function are called:
Unlock the answer
question
Epithelial
answer
Which tissue type lines the intestines and helps in the absorption of nutrients?
Unlock the answer
question
They are compressible and flexible enough to act as shock absorbers
answer
Besides structural support for the body, what function do bones serve?
Unlock the answer
question
Connective
answer
Which type of body tissue acts as padding under the skin?
Unlock the answer
question
Failure of an individual organ can affect an entire organ system
answer
Which of the following is a true statement about organs?
Unlock the answer
question
Small intestine
answer
What part of the digestive system has the most surface area for the absorption of nutrients?
Unlock the answer
question
Connective
answer
Fat and blood are classified as ________ tissues.
Unlock the answer
question
Glycogen
answer
The liver filters which of the following from the blood?
Unlock the answer
question
Connective tissue
answer
Cartilage the material that provides the internal, flexible support of the ear is an example of:
Unlock the answer
question
Liver
answer
Unlike most organs, the _______ of a donor can be cut into smaller sections and transplanted, then grow back to full size in both the donor and recipient.
Unlock the answer
question
Epithelial
answer
Which tissue type most likely to be exposed to the external environment?
Unlock the answer
question
Negative feedback
answer
The mechanism used by the liver to maintain blood glucose levels is an example of:
Unlock the answer
question
Maintain a constant internal environment
answer
Homeostasis is an organism's ability to:
Unlock the answer
question
Fibrous connective tissue
answer
In which connective tissue type are the collagen fibers arranged parallel with one another in a very organized, layered fashion?
Unlock the answer
question
Blood
answer
Which of theses connective tissues has a liquid matrix?
Unlock the answer
question
Cells- tissues- organs- organ systems- organism
answer
What is the correct sequence of bodily organization, from simple to complex?
Unlock the answer
question
Breaking down glucose into waste products
answer
After a large meal is digested, the liver reduces blood glucose levels by:
Unlock the answer
