question

When DNA is copied

answer

When do mutations usually occur?

question

- some harmful mutations can be hidden - most are harmful - occasionally mutations are good

answer

Which of the following is true about mutations?

question

25%

answer

Percent of children with ff genotype from Ff x ff cross

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One embryo splitting to become two embryos

answer

Monozygotic (identical) twins are the result of:

question

Has one copy of the recessive disease allele

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A carrier for a genetic disease:

question

Homozygous

answer

A person with 2 copies of the same allele is:

question

Has one copy of each chromosome

answer

A heterozygous organism:

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Genes are found on chromosomes

answer

Which of the following is a true statement about chromosomes?

question

Meiosis

answer

Gametes fuse together during:

question

Identical

answer

Each person has 2 copies of their genes. These copies are equivalent but not

question

Mutation

answer

A mistake that changes genetic information is called a:

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Contain the same genes

answer

Homologous chromosomes:

question

They cannot be influenced by the environment

answer

Which is NOT true about highly heritable traits:

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4

answer

If you're interested in studying one gene within a human the Punnett square that you would use to predict the inheritance of the alleles would contain how many total boxes?

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Genotype

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The genetic compositions of an individual.

question

Mutations

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DNA is often likened to an instruction manual. According to this analogy, the typographical errors that would inevitably result when the DNA "manual" is copied would be similar to:

question

Carriers

answer

In humans, heterozygous are referred to as ________, particularly when the recessive allele is associated with a genetic disease.

question

Qualitative

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A gene with alleles that code for two distinct phenotype is:

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Protein

answer

A typical gene contains the instructions for making a:

question

Both genes and environment

answer

Intelligence is based on:

question

25%

answer

Cystic fibrosis is caused by the allele f, which is completely recessive to the normal dominant allele F. Consider a couple with the genotype Ff. What is the chance that their first child will develop cystic fibrosis?

question

50%

answer

Huntington's disease is caused by the allele H, which is completely dominant to the normal recessive allele h. Consider a couple where the man has the genotype Hh, and the woman has the genotype Hh. What is the chance that their first child will develop Huntington's disease?

question

Show continuous variation

answer

Typical quantitative traits:

question

Alleles

answer

Alternate forms of a gene are called:

question

64 trillion

answer

Combining gametes from your parents could have produced as many as ______ genetically distinct children.

question

tt

answer

In a certain plant species, thick-shelled seeds are caused by the dominant allele T, while thin-shelled seeds are caused by the recessive allele t. Consider an individual plant that has thin-shelled seeds. What is the genotype of this individual?

question

Huntington's disease

answer

Which of the following is an example of a qualitative trait in humans?

question

50%

answer

In pea plant genetics, round peas are dominant over wrinkled peas. Determine what percentage of the offspring of a Rr x rr cross would produce wrinkled peas.

question

Homologous chromosomes

answer

The members of a pair of chromosomes (for example, the two copies of chromosome 1) are called:

question

Your genotype

answer

The collection of alleles you carry is:

question

Different cell types contain the same genes but use different combinations of them

answer

What causes the difference between two human cell types (for example, a skin cell and a brain cell)?

question

Insert genes from any source into a plant

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A TI plasmid can be used to:

question

The redundancy of the genetic code

answer

Imagine that a mutation in a DNA molecule results in the codon CCU being changed to CCC. Both of these codons code for the same amino acid: proline. The fact that more than one codon can code for the same amino acid is referred to as:

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An altered protein, which could result in a genetic disease

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A point mutation results in the incorporation of a new amino acid in a protein. Which of the following would be the most likely result?

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The genetic code is universal

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Advances in our understanding of genetics and our ability to manipulate genes have greatly enhanced disease treatment. For example, we now use bacteria to produce insulin to treat diabetes. What property of the genetic code makes this possible?

question

Somatic cell gene therapy

answer

Which of the following treatments must be repeated periodically?

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Transcription

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The process of copying a sequence of DNA nucleotides into complementary sequence of RNA nucleotides is called:

question

A totipotent stem cell

answer

Scientists studying a cell find it can divide to become any type of cell in the body. What kind of cell should they conclude they are studying?

question

Stem cells

answer

The undifferentiated cells that can be used in therapeutic cloning are

question

One or two nucleotides are added or deleted in a DNA strand

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Which of the following best represents a frameshift mutation:

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They carry amino acids to the ribosome

answer

What is the function of tRNA molecules during translation?

question

A cancer caused by uncontrolled cell division

answer

Which type of disease condition would most likely be successfully treated by gene therapy?

question

Thymine (T)

answer

RNA is very similar to DNA but replaces one of the nitrogenous bases in DNA with uracil (U). Which of the bases in DNA is replaced by uracil?

question

Messenger RNA

answer

The RNA molecule that carries the sequence of nucleotides that hold the instructions for the order of amino acids in an entire protein is:

question

Restriction enzymes

answer

If a researcher wants to cut a piece of DNASE what would she use?

question

The transfer of genetically modified genes to weeds

answer

Which of the following is possible harmful environmental effect of genetically modified crops?

question

The amino acids it contains

answer

The shape of a protein is determined by:

question

An organism with genes from multiple species

answer

What is transgenic organism?

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A plasmid

answer

The circular piece of DNA geneticists use to insert a new gene into bacterial cell where it can be replicated is called:

question

DNA -> RNA-> protein

answer

The sequence of events in the process of protein synthesis is usually:

question

The order of the bases A,T,G, and C in human DNA

answer

The raw data from the human genome project consists of:

question

Genome

answer

All the genes in an organism constitute its:

question

Frameshift mutation

answer

Which of these mutations is the most likely to be harmful?

question

A stop codon

answer

What signal causes the ribosome to end protein synthesis?

question

DNA-> RNA-> protein

answer

Which of the following best represents genetic information flow?

question

mRNA

answer

What type of RNA contains the instructions for building an entire protein?

question

Healthy tissues

answer

Therapeutic cloning aims to produce _______ from stem cells

question

Transgenic organisms

answer

What is another name for genetically modified organisms with genes from several sources?

question

Strand of mRNA

answer

When genes are copied in transcript, the resulting copy is in the form of a:

question

Codons

answer

The "highly specific molecule scissors" that cut DNA are called:

question

Protein

answer

A gene is instructions to create a:

question

A push-up

answer

Which of the following is an example of voluntary muscle contraction?

question

Conscious thought and striated muscle

answer

Voluntary movement relies upon:

question

In loose connective tissues, the protein fibers are loosely woven, but in fibrous connective tissues, the fibers are densely packed.

answer

How do the protein fibers in the matrix compare between loose and fibrous connective tissues?

question

To hold organs in place

answer

What is a function of loose connective tissue?

question

Basking in a sunny location

answer

In nature, an ectothermic animal maintains a constant body temperature on a cold day by

question

Panting when it gets too hot and shivering when it gets too cold

answer

Ectotherms primarily regulate their body temperature by:

question

Bile storage and concentration

answer

What function does the gallbladder serve?

question

Tissues

answer

Similar cells that are grouped together and perform a common function are called:

question

Epithelial

answer

Which tissue type lines the intestines and helps in the absorption of nutrients?

question

They are compressible and flexible enough to act as shock absorbers

answer

Besides structural support for the body, what function do bones serve?

question

Connective

answer

Which type of body tissue acts as padding under the skin?

question

Failure of an individual organ can affect an entire organ system

answer

Which of the following is a true statement about organs?

question

Small intestine

answer

What part of the digestive system has the most surface area for the absorption of nutrients?

question

Connective

answer

Fat and blood are classified as ________ tissues.

question

Glycogen

answer

The liver filters which of the following from the blood?

question

Connective tissue

answer

Cartilage the material that provides the internal, flexible support of the ear is an example of:

question

Liver

answer

Unlike most organs, the _______ of a donor can be cut into smaller sections and transplanted, then grow back to full size in both the donor and recipient.

question

Epithelial

answer

Which tissue type most likely to be exposed to the external environment?

question

Negative feedback

answer

The mechanism used by the liver to maintain blood glucose levels is an example of:

question

Maintain a constant internal environment

answer

Homeostasis is an organism's ability to:

question

Fibrous connective tissue

answer

In which connective tissue type are the collagen fibers arranged parallel with one another in a very organized, layered fashion?

question

Blood

answer

Which of theses connective tissues has a liquid matrix?

question

Cells- tissues- organs- organ systems- organism

answer

What is the correct sequence of bodily organization, from simple to complex?

question

Breaking down glucose into waste products

answer

After a large meal is digested, the liver reduces blood glucose levels by:

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