Conny the worst teacher in the world study guide – Flashcards
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prehistoric
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The time or period before recorded or written history.
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neolithic age
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stared after farming was first invented and ended after the invention of bronze
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5 characteristics of civilization
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Specialized workers, record keeping, adv. technology, adv. cities, complex institutions.
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Ur
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Ur was a flourishing urban civilization. People in Ur lived in well-defined social classes. Rulers, as well as priest sand priestesses, wielded great power. Wealthy merchants profited from foreign trade. Artists and artisans created lavish jewelry, musical instruments, and gold daggers. Woolley's finds have enabled historians to reconstruct Ur's advanced culture.
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Cataracts
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rapids along a river, such as those along the Nile in Egypt
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Escarpments
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steep, often jagged cliffs
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Natural Barriers (Egypt)
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From the highlands of east Africa to the Mediterranean Sea, the Nile River flows northward across Africa for over 4,100 miles, making it the longest river in the world. (See the map on page 36.) A thin ribbon of water in a parched desert land, the great river brings its water to Egypt from distant mountains, plateaus, and lakes in present-day Burundi, Tanzania, Uganda, and Ethiopia.Egypt's settlements arose along the Nile on a narrow strip of land made fertile by the river. The change from fertile soil to desert—from the Black Land to the Red Land—was so abrupt that a person could stand with one foot in each.
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Indus valley civilization
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developed in the fertile valley; Harrapa and Mohenjo-Daro were the most important cities Where Hinduism started It featured well- planned cities like Harappa and Mohjeno- Daro which had brick buildings
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Mesopotamian civilization
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Tigris and Euphrates River Valleys (Southwest Asia) cuneiform, first written code, organization into city-states, and astronomy
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Huang He river civilization
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The Shang King ruled from the capital city of Anyang. His kingdom was divided into different territories that were ruled by aristocratic warlords(military leaders). Although they were leaders of their land the King had the power to add and remove them whenever he chooses. The Chinese believed in supernatural forces so that they could talk to the Gods and receive help when needed.
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Egyptian civilization
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located on the Nile, ruled by Pharaohs, pyramids, hieroglyphics, polytheistic religion
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Torah
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The first five books of Jewish Scripture, which they believe are by Moses, are called this
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Covenant
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A binding agreement
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Hebrew Monotheism
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The first time any religion only followed one god
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Indo-Europeans
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the first of a series of invaders to sweep westward from the steppes of Russia and Ukraine
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Aryans
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group of Indo-Europeans who are believed to have migrated to the Indian subcontinent
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Hinduism
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A religion native to India, featuring belief in many gods and reincarnation
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Varnas
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the four major classes of society.
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Moksha
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Becoming liberated for the cycle of reincarnation in Hinduism.
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Nirvana
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a state of perfect peace
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Caste system
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A Hindu social class system that controlled every aspect of daily life
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Siddhartha
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the man who became Buddha Sakyamuni, "the enlightened one"
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Phoenicians
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the most powerful traders along the Meditteranean following Crete's decline
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Jainism
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an Indian religion based on the teachings of Mahavira that teaches all life is sacred
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Reincarnation
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Hindu and Buddhist belief that souls are reborn into new bodies over and over.
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Confucius
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A Chinese philosopher and teacher whose beliefs had a great influence on Chinese life
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Laozi
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Founder of Daoism
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Han Fezi
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Founder of Legalism.
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Geography of Greece
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Mountains and island led to diversity (Athens and Sparta were very different)
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Persians
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part of the Iranic people who speak the modern Persian language known as Farsi
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Peloponnesian war
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Conflict between Athens and Sparta
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Socrates
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Ancient Greek philosopher. Promoted introspection by saying, "Know thyself."
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Pericles
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most popular Athenian leader who called Athens the "education of Greece"
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Hellenic vs Hellenistic
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Greek culture greek like
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Roman Republic
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Rome when under a democratic government
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Etruscans
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A people who inhabited early italy
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Romance languages
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Any of the languages derived from Latin including Italian, Spanish, French, and Romanian.
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Pax Romana
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200 year period of peace in Rome.
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Germanic people
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One of the European people's that spoke a Germanic language
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Asoka
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Grandson of Chandragupta; leader who brought the Mauryan Empire to its greatest height
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Sahel
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grassland belt on south edge of Sahara; point of exchange between south and north Africa
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Rainforest
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Forests in which large amounts of rain fall year-round.
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Savana
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grassy plains that stretch across Africa south of the Sahara
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Bantu migration
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Masses of the Bantu People migrated southward
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Animism
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the attribution of a soul to plants, inanimate objects, and natural phenomena.
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Islam
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the religion of Muslims collectively which governs their civilization and way of life
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Muslim
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A follower of Islam
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Muhammed
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The prophet and founder of Islam
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Sunni v Shi'a
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Muslim group that accepts descendants of the Umayyads as rightful rulers of Muslims vs group of Muslims who believed the descendants of Ali should rule
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Five pillars
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the Five Basic Duties of all Muslims
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"Rightly guided caliphs"
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Group of people that consisted of Abu-Bakr (first), Umar, Uthman, Ali
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Caliph
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A supreme political and religious leader in a Muslim government
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Shogun
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commander of military forces
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Samurai
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Class of warriors in feudal Japan who pledged loyalty to a noble in return for land.
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Daimyo
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A Japanese feudal lord who commanded a private army of samurai
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Changes after Rome
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The Germanic invaders who stormed Rome could not read or write. Among Romans themselves, the level of learning sank sharply as more and more families left for rural areas. Few people except priests and other church officials were literate. Knowledge of Greek, long important in Roman culture, was almost lost. Few people could read Greek works of literature, science, and philosophy. The Germanic tribes, though, had a rich oral tradition of songs and legends. But they had no written language.
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Benedict
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a confirmed bachelor who gets married
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lords, vassals and fiefs
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people of high rank, person granted land by a feudal lord in return for services, pieces of land given to vassals by their lord
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manorialism
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the economic system of the Middle Ages
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Lay investiture
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A ceremony in which kings and nobles appointed church officials
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William the conqueror
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Duke of Normandy who invaded England in 1066 and claimed the English crown
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Manga carta
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a document that promised barons certain rights
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Crusades
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religious wars
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The plague
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Early public health crisis 25-50% died of european population
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Simony
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Selling of church offices
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Guild
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A medieval organization of crafts workers or trades people.
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Excommunication
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Banishment from the church
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Interdiction
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prohibition
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Commercial Revolution
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expansion of trade and business
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Three field system
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farmers could grow crops on two-thirds of their land each year, not just half of it
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Gold-salt trade
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led to wealth and empires in West Africal the muslim with salt gave the people of Mali,Ghana Songhai when they gave them gold
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Mali
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medieval West African trading empire located in present-day Mali
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Mansa Musa
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Mali's most famous ruler
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Renaissance
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Rebirth
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Renaissance man
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a man of any period who has a broad range of intellectual interests
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Machiavelli
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wrote a guide for rulers on how to gain and keep power
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Reformation
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A movement for religious reform
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Gutenberg
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Invented the printing press
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Luther
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Posted 95 Theses, opposing indulgences; began Protestant Reformation.
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Indulgence
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A pardon given by the Roman Catholic Church in return for repentance for sins
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95 thesis
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Document that helped start the protestant reformation
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Columbus
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Explorer who discovered the Americas in 1492. Funded by Spanish royalty
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Cortex-Aztec-mexico
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The Spanish campaign declared victorious on August 13, 1521, when a coalition army of Spanish forces and native Tlaxcalan warriors led by Hernán Cortés and Xicotencatl the Younger captured the emperor Cuauhtemoc and Tenochtitlan, the capital of the Aztec Empire.
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Pizarro-Inca-Andes mts.
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In 1530, Pizarro returned to Panama. In 1531, he sailed down to Peru, landing at Tumbes. He led his army up the Andes Mountains and on November 15, 1532, reached the Inca town of Cajamarca, where Atahuallpa was enjoying the hot springs in preparation for his march on Cuzco, the capital of his brother's kingdom.
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Mestizo/mulatto/creoles/peninsulares
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Together the two controlled land, wealth, and power in the Spanish colonies. Below peninsulares and creoles came the mestizos, persons of mixed European and Indian ancestry. After, the mulattos, persons of mixed European and African ancestry and lastly in the society were the enslaved Africans.
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Mercantilism
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belief in the benefits of profitable trading; commercialism.
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Transatlantic slavery
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The transatlantic slave trade was responsible for the forced migration of between 12 - 15 million people from Africa to the Western Hemisphere from the middle of the 15th century to the end of the 19th century.
