Communications Ch. 5 – Flashcards
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4 Situational characteristics of a speech situation
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o Size of audience o Time of presentation o Location / forum o Mobility
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Demographics
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refers to certain characteristics of your listeners Age, gender composition, sexual orientation, race and ethnicity, religious orientation, socioeconomic background, political affiliation
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Analyzing your audience
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o Seeking common ground - beliefs, values and experience that you share with you listeners o Identify prior exposure - have people heard this before? o Identify audience disposition - likely attitude toward subject
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3 techniques to gather info about your audience
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Survey, Interview, Considering and Observing
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Situational characteristic
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a factor in a specific speech setting that a speaker can observe or discover before giving the speech. Examples include audience size, time, location, forum, and audience mobility.
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audience size
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The number of people who will be present for a speech presentation time
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body clock
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The time of day or day of the week when an audience will be listening to a presentation. An audience is more prone to distraction at certain times of the day, such as lunchtime, and certain days of the week, such as Friday.
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location
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The setting where a speaker delivers, and an audience listens to, a speech.
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stationary audience
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An audience that will be relatively motionless while listening to a speech. Classrooms, Lecture halls, and conference rooms often contain stationary audiences.
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mobile audience
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An audience that is not bound to sit or stand for the duration of the speech. Mobile audiences might be found at an exhibitor's booth or on a city sidewalk.
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demographics
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Audience members' characteristics, including but not limited to age, gender, sexual orientation, race, ethnicity, religious orientation, socioeconomic background and political affiliation.
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age
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A demographic consideration that affects an audience's response to and understanding of a speaker's message. For example, avoiding popular culture references that are too old or too young for an audience is a good way to take age into consideration.
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gender composition
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A demographic characteristic that considers how many men versus how many women will be in audience.
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gender stereotype
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An oversimplified, often distorted view of what it means to be male of female
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sexist language
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Language that is bias against a given gender
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sexual orientation
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A demographic characteristic that considers whether audience members may be straight, gay, lesbian, bisexual or transgendered.
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race
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Common heritage based on genetically shared physical characteristics of people in a group.
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ethnicity
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Cultural background that is usually associated with shared religion, national origin and language.
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religious orientation
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A persons set of religious beliefs, which can shape his or her response to a speech.
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socioeconomic status
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A measure of where individuals stand in terms of financial resources, education, and occupation in relation to other individuals.
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political affiliation
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A persons political beliefs and positions.
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common ground
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Beliefs, values and experiences a speaker shares with an audience. A speaker seeks to establish common ground with and audience, whether verbally or nonverbally, so that listeners will be more receptive to his or her message.
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Prior exposure
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The extent to which an audience has already heard a speakers message, which will affect an audience's interest or belief in what the speaker is saying.
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Disposition
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An audience's likely attitude toward a subject. In most cases, an audience can be divided into three groups: sympathetic, hostile, and neutral.
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Sympathetic audience
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A type of audience that is already inclined to believe a speakers message or holds the speaker in high esteem and so will probably respond favorably to the speech.
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hostile audience
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A type of audience that opposes a speakers message, or the speaker personally, and so will probably be reluctant to accept the message.
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neutral audience
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A type of audience that has neither negative nor positive opinions about a speaker or message.
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survey
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A series of written questions a speaker asks others to answer in advance of that speaker's presentation.
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fixed-response question
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A survey question that gives a respondent a set of specific answers to choose from. Examples include true/false multiple choice, or select-all-that-apply questions.
