Comm 101 – Flashcard
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After looking in your book bag and realizing you forgot to grab a pen, you lean over to one of your classmates and you say, "Do you have a pen I can borrow for class today?" You have just engaged in what mental process as you constructed your message?
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encoding
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The process of interpreting and assigning meaning to a message that is received is referred to as
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decoding
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Communication behavior can be effective without being appropriate.
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True
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the shared beliefs, values, and practices of a group of people is their
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Culture
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Who are the researchers responsible for a large body of work on Competent Communication?
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Spitzberg and Cupach
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In the communication model, anything that interferes with the communication process is known as what?
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noise
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Even if you aren't speaking, you are likely communicating.
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True
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Hannah's roommate wakes her up every morning at 6:00 am. Her roommate is an early riser and isn't very quite when she gets ready for classes. Hannah needs to decide the best way to approach the topic with her roommate. She is thinking about writing a note, sending an email, talking to her about it, or just giving negative nonverbals (like facial expressions) in the morning. What part of the communication model is Hannah considering?
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The Channel
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Which of the following is NOT needed to become a competent communicator?
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The ability to always say what you mean
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Though we can identify many challenges of public speaking, which of the following is one of the "3 Biggest Challenges" of public speaking we discussed in class?
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Grabbing and holding our audience's attention. Correct Though this is a challenge, this is not one of the 3 big.
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Place the parts of the introduction in order. "First" will go next to the part that goes first, "Second" next to the second part, and so on.
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The correct answer is: Thesis → Fourth, Topic Reveal → Second, AGD → First, Credibility → Third, Preview → Last
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For an audience to perceive that a speaker is credible that speak must come across with all of the following, EXCEPT
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good humor
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Which of the following is the central idea or "what" of the speech?
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thesis
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You should always introduce yourself before you give any presentation.
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false
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The very last line of your speech should be the review, a summary of the main points of the speech.
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false
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Your preview statement needs to be comprised of all of the following EXCEPT?
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Relevance to the audience
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Tami is giving a speech on the dangers of identify theft and how you can protect yourself from having your identify stolen. This problem - solution pattern is best for which speech purpose?
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To persuade
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Brad is organizing his speech on the process of rebuilding a transmission. What organizational pattern would best suit his needs for this speech?
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chronological pattern
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Because of how our memory works, it is best to break down information into how many points?
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2-5 points
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What organizational pattern do the following main points represent? I. Small breed dogs, like Chihuahuas, make excellent pets for people who do not have a lot of physical space. II. Larger breed dogs, like Labrador Retrievers, make excellent pets for people who have plenty of outdoor space. III. Other dogs, like Greyhounds, offer compassionate people an opportunity to rescue pets that need stability and TLC.
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topical pattern
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Which of the following is a specific purpose statement?
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To inform my communication class audience know how to set up an aquarium and care for neon tetras
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What is wrong with the following outline portion? I. Marietta College offers many services to help students achieve academic success. We have the ARC, Tutoring, The Writing Center, and The Communication Resource Center, just to name a few. A. You can find these services in different place. Many are house in Erwin, while the CRC can be found in Mills. B. To find the locations and make an appointment, you can go to "Academic Resources" of the MC website.
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There are too many ideas with each point. Everyone point should have one idea and only one sentence
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"First," "additionally," "next," and "finally" are all examples of what your textbook authors call
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signposts
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Effective speeches usually begin with a statement such as, "Hi, my name is Jamaal, and I'm here to talk to you about. . . ."
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false
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Which organizational pattern organizes the main points according to their physical proximity in relation to one another?
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spatial
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The preview sentence of your outline includes which of the following?
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The main points of your outline
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Speakers usually use a(n) ______________ outline as a rough draft they revisit and revise continually throughout the preparation of their speeches.
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preparation
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____________ are the central claims that support a speaker's specific speech purpose and thesis statement.
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main points
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When writing an outline, the main points should be written in full declarative sentences, like the topic sentence of a paragraph.
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true
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"Sentences that connect different thoughts, points, and details in a way that allows them to flow naturally from one to the next" is most closely associated with which of the following terms?
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transitions
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The following is an excerpt from an outline body. Please identify the outline formatting problem: I. Making dessert in the microwave is easy. A. It only takes a few steps. II. First, gather the ingredients and materials your need. A. Ingredients 1. sugar 2. flour 3. butter 4. cinnamon B. Materials 1. a cup III. Now I'll show you how to mix together the batter.
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In outlining, every 1 should have a 2; every A should have a B
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"A cognitive process through which we interpret our experiences and form our own unique understandings" defines which of the following terms?
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perception
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"Politicians lie" and "young people are lazy" are both examples of
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stereotypes
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Because she believes she is no good at speaking in public, Deanna puts off choosing and researching her topic and doesn't have adequate time to prepare and practice for her presentation. Ultimately, she earns a failing grade on her speech and walks away with her perception confirmed: she's just not a good speaker. Unfortunately, Deanna's _____________ set her up for failure.
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self-fulfilling prophecy
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Edgar, who is a communication major, finds himself frustrated by the number of times his professors say "umm," mispronounce words, and use awkward gestures—so much so that he often misses the point of their lectures. Edgar's perceptions are best attributed to which of the following?
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selective perception
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Jim chooses to invite two people he met in his English class over to watch a movie instead of going to a larger party with his fraternity brothers. He says, "I feel like I'm better one-on-one than I am in big groups." Jim's decision is based on his sense of
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self-efficacy
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Joe watches other people's nonverbal behavior carefully for cues to what topics they find interesting and what personality traits they consider desirable, and he modifies his behavior in order to create a positive impression on them. We would refer to Joe as a person who
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is a high self-monitor.
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What three recommendations have been made for improving perception?
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Be thoughtful when you seek explanations, look beyond first impressions, and question your assumptions.
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Which of the following terms refers to the way a person feels about himself or herself?
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self-esteem
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Spending time on Facebook may contribute to a distorted perception of the quality of one's own life.
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true
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Stereotypes by definition are negative and unflattering.
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false
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Though you might use profanity with your friends, competent communicators usually avoid profanity in the workplace, professional settings, presentations and where strangers can hear them.
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true
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Which of the following does NOT stem from the Sapir-Whorf hypothesis?
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Men and women have brain difference that influence language.
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Technical language that is specific to members of a particular profession, interest group, or hobby is referred to as
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jargon
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When giving a presentation, you should strive to use language that includes most people in your audience since it is challenging to include everyone.
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false
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During Layne's soccer game, some fans were yelling at the referee, "You need glasses!" and "How much is the other team paying you?" What is this an example of?
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hurtful language
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What term refers to a form of accommodation in which a communicator changes his or her regular language and slang to fit into a particular group?
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code switching
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Language that offends, threatens, or insults a person or group based on race, religion, gender or other identifiable characteristics is called:
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hatespeech
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Code-switching is a behavior of competent communicators.
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true
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The standard social norm for appropriate behavior and language is called what?
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civility
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____________ is the system of symbols (words) we use to think about and communicate experiences and feelings.
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language
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Andrew's informative speech will help his audience understand how to upgrade and replace the hard drive in their computers. What type of topic has he chosen?
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process
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Which of the following adjectives describes an informational speaker?
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objective
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Explanatory speeches usually delve deeper into a subject than a speech of description would.
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true
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Which of the following specific purpose statements represents a demonstration speech?
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To show and explain to my audience how to fill out the paperwork to become a naturalized citizen of the United States so that they will be aware of how complicated the process is
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Which of the following definitions defines something by explaining what it is or what it does?
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operational definition
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The goal of a(n) ____________ presentation is to answer the "how" questions.
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demonstration
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"Today, the term dry run is often used to refer to a rehearsal of some sort. This meaning originated in the field of firefighting, where dry represented a practice drill where the hoses were turned off, and run simply meant a response to a fire alarm, whether real or for a drill." What type of definition is given in this statement?
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definition by etymology
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Which of the following is suggested for preparing an informative speech?
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Teach new information by relating it to information the audience already knows.
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Which of the following types of speeches goes into depth by providing reasons or causes and demonstrating relationships?
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explanatory speech
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Which of the following types of informative topics do the authors of your textbook caution is difficult to do as an informative speech because it is difficult to keep one's own opinions from influencing the speech?
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issues
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What do we call the general fear or anxiety associated with either real or anticipated communication with another person or persons?
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communication apprehension
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A speaker who plans the content, organization, and delivery of the speech in advance, but does not write the speech out word for word, uses which speech delivery method?
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extemporaneous
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An effective way to make eye contact with the audience during a speech is to move your eyes from one person to another or from one section of people to another as you move from one idea to another. This technique is called
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scanning.
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During his speech about a new breakthrough in the treatment of cancer, Joe has a hard time figuring out how to say the scientific words correctly. Joe is having trouble with which of the following?
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pronunciation
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Shereen's parents moved to the United States from Egypt before she was born. Although both of her parents speak English fluently, and she speaks English as her first language, her upbringing has influenced the way she forms word sounds, as well as the cadence and rhythm of her speech. What term describes this aspect of Shereen's speech?
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accent
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Which of the following has NOT been emphasized as a function of effective presentation aid use?
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display a list of references used so that the speaker doesn't need to cite orally
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Which of the following scenarios does not reference the use of a presentation aid?
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Denise describes how to stretch out your quadriceps in her speech about physical fitness.
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While preparing for his speech, David took time each afternoon to imagine himself walking confidently to the front of the room, smiling at his audience, and then speaking calmly and confidently. Which technique is David using to build his confidence and reduce his anxiety?
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performance visualization
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_________ refers to the nervousness we experience when we know we have to communicate publicly to an audience.
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Public speaking anxiety
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Which of the following is a guideline for creating presentation aids?
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Be prepared to give the same speech without the slides in case of a technology glitch.
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Which of the following is not one of the steps in the listening process?
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critiquing
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You find yourself in a bind. You went to your sociology class to turn in your paper, but you still need to do a final review for the Spanish test in your next class. Ultimately, you end up making eye contact and nodding your head while your sociology professor lectures, but instead of listening you're reviewing Spanish vocabulary words in your head. We would characterize your listening behavior as
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pseudolistening.
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in American culture, we tend to value listening more than talking, which can create an awkward imbalance to the communication process and stifle conversations.
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False
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Responding is an important part of the listening process.
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True
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Elements like pitch, volume, rate, and other vocal qualities are called
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paralanguage.
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What is commonly referred to as "body language" is actually the observation of _____________, or the way gestures and body movements send nonverbal messages.
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kinesics
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Which of the following is an example of a nonverbal behavior?
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You wave an old friend over to sit with you at lunch in the cafeteria.
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You see a friend across the room at a crowded party, but it's too loud for you to say hello from this distance. Instead, you make eye contact with him and nod your head as an acknowledgment and greeting. Which term best fits the function of your nonverbal behavior?
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substituting
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The posting of deliberately hostile or insulting online messages that are usually intended to provoke anger is referred to as
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flaming
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What do we call the atmosphere surrounding how we feel about our communication in different relationships?
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communication climate
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During committee meetings, Michael repeatedly makes comments to the effect, "I've been on this committee for years and I've organized a number of professional development workshops that went great, so trust me on this one—what our administration is really looking for is. . . ." What antigroup role does Michael appear to be exemplifying?
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recognition seeker
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A group that works together to carry out a project or specific endeavor, or to compete against other groups, is referred to as a
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team.
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During which stage of a group's development do the members try to negotiate who will be in charge and what the group's goals will be?
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forming
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Which of the following statements is not true of groups as their size grows?
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The group becomes less effective at accomplishing its goals.
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A person in a group who helps keep the conversation on track is referred to as a(n)
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administrator.
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A campus-wide committee is established to tackle the issue of diversity. Its mission is to create a more comfortable campus climate; recruit more diverse students, faculty, and administrators; and improve retention among minority groups. What type of group is this?
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problem-solving
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A small subgroup of individuals who have bonded together within a group is called a
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clique.
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"Recurring patterns of behavior or thinking that come to be accepted in a group as the 'usual' way of doing things" is a definition associated with which one of the following terms?
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norms
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Roles that are concerned specifically with the activities that need to be carried out for the group to accomplish its goals are referred to as
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task roles.
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A group that experiences a period of inertia, followed by a burst of activity, is progressing in a punctuated equilibrium process.
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True
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A leader should determine, before calling a meeting, what he or she hopes to accomplish, and whether the meeting is necessary to accomplish the goal.
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True
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Productive conflict can benefit a group because those who have engaged in the conflict feel a sense of ownership in the decisions that are arrived at through the conflict.
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True
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Jen had a tough time getting her sorority sisters to commit to helping her clean up after the homecoming party until she offered to order pizza and treat everyone who helped out to a movie night. What type of power did Jen exercise over the group?
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reward power
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Al's speech coach sat him and the rest of his teammates down at the beginning of the season and said, "We have everything it takes to be the best team in the region this year, and I need every one of you to do your best in every round of competition so we can fulfill that expectation." The coach appears to be using which leadership style?
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achievement-oriented
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Many groups find it difficult to accomplish their goals because they do not spend enough time identifying the problem they want to resolve.
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True
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____________ refer to group members' personal motives, goals, attitudes, and values.
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Psychological forces
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The first step in the problem-solving process is
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identifying the problem.
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In which stage of the problem-solving process do members of a group employ brainstorming techniques?
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generating solutions
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Even though making decisions by consensus takes more time than deciding by majority does, consensus should be used whenever possible.
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True
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Group leaders should avoid setting time limits on any components of the discussion because it leads to poor decision making.
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False
