Combination Geography Practice Test 1 (Chp. 1,3,4) – Flashcards
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According to your text's authors, globalization is the most fundamental reorganization of our planet's social and economic structures since which of the following events?
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Industrial Revolution
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Most of the current and future world population growth is occurring in which part of the world?
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developing countries of Africa, Asia, and South America
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In which stage of the Demographic Transition are birthrate and death rate both high?
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stage 1
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Which of the following measurements of human population is very similar to the average number of children per family?
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total fertility rate
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What is colonialism?
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the formal establishment of rule over a foreign population
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What is a universalizing religion?
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a religion that attempts to appeal to all peoples regardless of location or culture
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Which measure represents the international definition of poverty?
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percentage of the population living on less than $2 per day
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According to the core-periphery model, which of the following countries is part of the core?
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Japan
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The most rainy places on earth are found in _____________.
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equatorial areas
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What is the major cause of widespread cutting of tropical rainforests?
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the recent globalization of commerce in international wood products
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What world region is experiencing the highest rate of tropical deforestation?
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Southeast Asia
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Which of the following statements about plate tectonics is true?
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It explains the distribution of volcanoes on earth.
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As a general rule, the atmosphere cools by 3.5°F for every 1,000 feet gained in elevation. This is called
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the adiabatic lapse rate.
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Which of the following statements about the landforms of western US is true?
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It contains mostly mountains and plateaus
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Today, most immigrants to the United States come from which two world regions?
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Asia and Latin America
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Settlement landscapes of North American cities are characterized by ________, in which metropolitan areas sprawl in all directions and suburbs take on many of the characteristics of traditional downtowns.
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urban decentralization
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Which of the following is one of the patterns of North American population movements?
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the trend westward, the movement of blacks out of the South, the growth of the Sunbelt, rural-to-urban migration
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What waterway opened up the Great Lakes to improved global trade connections?
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St. Lawrence River
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Less than 3% of the people in the US live in poverty.
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False
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Which Latin American country is most closely associated with deforestation?
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Brazil
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What is dependency theory?
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The idea that the expansion of European capitalism created Latin America's underdevelopment.
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What phenomenon causes altitudinal zonation?
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Environmental Lapse Rate
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By what name do we know the Mexican assembly plants that line the border between Mexico and the United States?
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Maquiladora
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Where are the people of Latin America concentrated?
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In cities and on the coast
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Which statement about Latin America's population is true?
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The population growth rate has started to slow down.
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What makes the Amazon River distinctive?
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Largest river by volume
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What are the major political trends in Latin America today?
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Democratically elected governments; open markets; and broader public participation in the political process.
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Urban primacy occurs when ________.
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A country has a city three to four times larger than any other city in the country.
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What is grassification?
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The conversion of tropical forest into pasture.
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How has the existence of the Great Escarpment, which runs from southwestern Angola and ends in northeastern South Africa, affected coastal settlement in the region?
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It was an impediment to settlement.
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According to the demographic transition theory, Canada's population growth should remain ____?
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then the population growth rate of Canada should remain low
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What is true about culture?
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culture is learned
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What is cultural nationalism?
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the process of protecting the primacy of a certain culture from another culture
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What is a relatively homogeneous cultural group called?
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nation
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What is an example of a "nation-state" at present time?
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Japan
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What are measurements of the level of development?
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per capita income, % of labor force employed in agriculture, infant mortality
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What are variable of HDI?
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life expectancy at birth, income, educational attainment
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What applies to the more developed regions?
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they have a large and economically strong middle-class
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What are the world's more developed regions?
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North America, Central Asia, and China
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What is true about the climate of Latin America?
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it has virtually every climate found on earth
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What factors contribute to the climate pattern in Latin America?
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latitude, ocean currents, global pattern of air pressure systems
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What demographic transition stage is Latin America in?
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stage 2
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Most rural immigrants moving to the cities in Latin America ended living in _____.
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shantytowns at the periphery of the city
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What are examples of urban primacy?
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Buenos Aires, Mexico City, Lima
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"Latifundia" refers to ______.
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large land holdings in Latin America
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What goal did the Treaty of Tordesillas accomplish?
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it divided South America between Spain and Portugal
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The top destinations outside of Latin America for migrants from Latin America are:
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North America, Europe, and Japan
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What is urban primacy?
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a condition in which a country contains a city that is three to four times larger than any other city in the country
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In the Latin American city model, what land use is located along the "spine"?
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superior services, roads, and transportation
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Which of the following is NOT found in the Latin American city model?
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zone of workers' housing
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When the countries of Latin America regained their independence, who were the leaders?
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European elites born in the Americas
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With respect to the success of maquiladoras, which of the following is NOT one of Mexico's competitive advantages?
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abundant raw materials
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Which of the following is NOT one of the innovations that Curitiba, Brazil, has implemented in order to plan its growth in a more environmentally friendly fashion?
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exportation of 25% of its population to surrounding rural areas
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Which of the following statements about squatter settlements in Latin America is NOT true?
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They provide adequate housing.
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Which of the following environmental problems is associated with Mexico City and Santiago?
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air pollution
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Which of the following was NOT a major reason for the rural-to-urban migration in Latin America?
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equal rights for women
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Which of the following was NOT an element of the effort to open the Brazilian Amazon for settlement?
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quick distribution of land titles to small farmers
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What language is the second-most common in Latin America?
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Portuguese
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What trade block is the most important one in Latin America?
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Mercosur
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What Latin American country is the world leader in coffee production?
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Brazil
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What is the name of the mountain chain that extends the length of South America's west coast?
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Andes
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Historically, these places have been underused as areas of settlement in Latin America, especially compared to settlement patterns in other regions.
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along major rivers
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Throughout most of the 20th century, Latin America experienced ________ population growth rates.
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high
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Why did Japanese people migrate to Latin America?
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to work in the coffee and sugar plantations and mines
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What is dependency theory?
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the idea that the expansion of European capitalism created Latin America's underdevelopmentf
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What is import substitution?
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a policy that encourages domestic industry by imposing high tariffs on all imports
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What is El Niño?
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a distinctive weather pattern
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What are the boundaries of Latin America?
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The Rio Grande in the north to Tierra del Fuego in the south
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Neoliberal economic development calls for all of the following EXCEPT
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increased social spending for the poor.
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By what name do we know the Mexican assembly plants that line the border between Mexico and the United States?
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maquiladora
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A system wherein peasants farm small plots of land for their own subsistence is referred to as
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minifundia
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Four countries in Latin America have more than 75 percent of the region's population. Which of the following is NOT one of the four?
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Venezuela
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globalization
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increasing interconnectedness of people and places -economic activities -political activities -cultural activities
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true or false water consumption is high in N. A.
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True
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what main aquifer is being depleted
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Ogalla Aquifer
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"Megalopolis" includes:
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Boston Washington DC Philadelphia New York City
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The most persistent migration trend in N. A.
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Westward Movement
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Growth of the Sunbelt South
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the Carolinas to Texas have experienced considerable growth in 21st cent.
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Nonmetropolitan Growth:
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when people move from cities to smaller more rural towns
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Urban decentralization
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suburbs
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Many acid rain producers are industries and power producers in the Midwest and Ontario regions of North America, yet damage from acid rain occurs as far east as the northeastern United States and eastern Canada. What conclusion can we draw from this pattern?
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Regions that do not benefit from the economic activities that produce acid rain suffer the consequences nonetheless.
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Some of the most toxic environments in the United States are found in the petroleum-rich Texas and Louisiana Gulf Coasts, and in industrial centers of the Northeast and Midwest. What does this tell us?
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Economic activities that produce the wealth of North America can cause dangerous pollution.
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Sustainable agriculture is growing in popularity in North America. Based on your textbook's description of sustainable agriculture, is the current method of commercial wheat farming in the Great Plains sustainable?
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No, primarily because of the depletion of the Ogallala Aquifer for irrigation of wheat fields.
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What was the primary reason that the Native American populations in North America declined by 90 percent after 1500 CE?
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Native Americans succumbed to European diseases and disruption.
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Which of the following choices best describes migration that led to the growth of the Sun Belt South?
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Seeking a job and a better climate, a family migrates from Chicago to Dallas in 1980.
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Today, an immigrant to the United States would be most likely to fit which of the following descriptions?
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a doctor from Mumbai, India
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A French Canadian from Quebec City would have most in common, culturally speaking, with which of the following individuals?
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a Cajun from New Orleans, Louisiana
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The creation of the Nunavut Territory in 1999 grew out of an initiative by which group to achieve self-governance?
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Inuits
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Of the following natural resources, which one does the United States import in the greatest quantities?
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Oil
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Which environmental issue is most commonly associated with Latin America?
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Deforestation
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Which of the following global trends is most responsible for grassification in Latin America?
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growing preference around the world for meat
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Which pattern of migration plays the greatest role in creating and maintaining primate cities in Latin America?
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rural-to-urban migration
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What event precipitated the demographic collapse in Latin America?
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the arrival of European colonists in the region
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Which agricultural products in Latin America originated in Asia and Africa?
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sugarcane and coffee
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Which of the following scenarios is an example of a syncretic religious practice?
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A Mexican family brings apples to a cave where they have placed a statue of Saint Francis of Assisi.
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Which of the following practices of the Spanish and Portuguese colonizers in Latin America is most consistent with dependency theory?
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Spain's forbidding manufacturing in its colonies in Latin America
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Which of the following economic activities is an example of a maquiladora?
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an automobile assembly plant worker in Tijuana, Mexico, across the border from San Diego, California
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true or false The Treaty of Tordesillas divided South America between Spain and Portugal.
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true
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What caused the severe depletion of biological resources in the Caribbean?
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colonization and global trade
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neocolonialism
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economic and political strategies by which powerful states indirectly extended their influence over weaker states.
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what % of the Brazilian Amazon has been deforested in the last 4 years
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20%
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grassificaton
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conversion of tropical forest into pasture/cattle ranching
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Urban Areas in L. A. are troubled by what?
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air pollution, inadequate supplies of (fresh) water, garbage removal, illegal housing (squatter) settlements
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Amazon Basin
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world's largest river system by volume and area
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Urban primacy
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A city whose population is at least twice as large as that of the next largest city in a country
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Squatter Settlements
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Residential developments characterized by extreme poverty that usually exist on land just outside of cities that is neither owned nor rented by its occupants.
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How do the authors of your text define globalization?
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The increasing interconnectedness of people and places through converging economic, political, and cultural activities
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What do most scholars agree is the most significant component of globalization?
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Economic reorganization of the world
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Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of our increasingly globalized world?
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Local folk cultures
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What do the World Bank, the International Monetary Fund (IMF), and the World Trade Organization (WTO) do?
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They make possible the flow of goods and capital across international boundaries
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What is the middle position on globalization, according to your text's author?
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Globalization is probably avoidable, but it can be managed
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At the most basic level, geography can be broken into two complementary pursuits. These are:
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Physical and human geography
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This is the study of how places interact with one another
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areal integration
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What is the current population of Earth?
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More than 7 billion
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Most of the current and future world population growth is occurring in which part of the world?
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Developing countries of Africa, Asia, and South America
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In which of the following cases will the total fertility rate (TFR) be highest?
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When women marry early and have many children over a long span of years.
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In which world region is life expectancy about the same today as it was in 1975?
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Sub-Saharan Africa
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In which stage of the Demographic Transition are birthrates and death rate both high?
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Stage 1: Pre-Modern Death/birth rates fairly similar Total pop. stays constant
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What stage of the Demographic Transition produces a rapid rise in the rate of natural increase?
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Stage 2: Urbanizing/Industrializing (1700-1875) Death rate drops, birth rates stay constant
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Which of the following is NOT shown in a population pyramid?
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Birth and death rates
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Which of the following is an example of a material dimension of culture?
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Architecture
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Which of the following focuses on the interaction between power, territory, and space at different scales?
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Geopolitics
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What is colonialism?
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The formal establishment of rule over a foreign pop.
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What does MDC stand for?
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More Developed Country
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Which measure represents the international definition of poverty?
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Percentage of the pop. living on less than $2 a day
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T/F Map projections are techniques used by cartographers to limit distortions in the process of mapping the globe onto a piece of paper.
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True
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T/F A map scale is the mathematical ratio between the map and the surface area being mapped.
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False
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T/F GIS stands for Geologic Information Satellites
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False
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T/F A pop. pyramid with a wide base and a narrow peak is characteristic of a slow growth rate.
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False
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T/F Stage 2 of the Demographic Transition produces a rapid decrease in the rate of natural increase.
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False
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Kurds are an example of a nation-state.
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False
