Com Final – Flashcard Answers

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Social exchange theory suggests that we often seek out people who can give us
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give us rewards that are greater than or equal to the costs we ecounter in dealing with them.
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When two opposing or incompatible forces exist simultaneously in an interpersonal relationship, the struggle to achieve these opposing goals creats what is called a
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Dialectical tensions
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Every message has
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both a content and a relational dimension
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One type of relational transgression is
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All of these. unfaithfulness, verbal hostility, rage, criticism in front of others
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Talking the most, interrupting the other person, and changing the topic most often are all common indicators of
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...
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The degree to which the partners in an interpersonal relationship like or appreciate one another is called
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affinity
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The best predictor of whether a couple will be friends after reaching the terminating stage is
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b and d. whether they were friends before their emotional involvement and whether communication was positive during the break-up
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According to the text, all of the following are strategies that couples use to kept their relationships satisfying except
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stagnating
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According to your text, the process of getting to know others by gaining more information about them is called
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...
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A couple on their second marriage each share many feelings with each other, but they keep most details of their previous marriages private. They are managing the openness-privacy dialectic with the stratgey of
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segmentation
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The benefit of forgiveness is
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...
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In a survey of conflict views of college men and women, women are described as being
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more concerned with maintaining the relationship during a conflict
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Complementary and symmetrical conflict styles have been shown to produce
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both "good" results as well as "bad" ones.
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In order for a conflict to exist, two interdependent parties must perceive
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a, b, & c. Incompatible goals, scarce resources, interference from the other party in achieving their goals.
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You and your partner's pattern of managing disagreements that repeats itself over time is called your
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relational conflict style
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Studies of intimate and aggressive relational conflict styles find that
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the pattern partners choose may reveal a great deal about the kind of relationship they have chosen.
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Norman and Fredrick seem to argue all the time. Coworkers describe the two as hotheads, but recognize that the two men seem to like sparring and are very close friends. Their conflict style is best described as
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intimate-aggressive
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Sue wanted to see a movie with her friends Friday night, but ended up at a bar since that's where most of the girls wanted to go. Sue used what conflict style in this situation
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...
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At which step in the win-win, collaborative process would you utilize the assertive message format?
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...
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Of the following statements, which most accurately describes the part gender plays in conflict style?
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Gender is less important in determing conflict style than the behavior of the other person in the conflict.
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The conflict style where one has a low concern for him/herself and a high concern for others is called
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accommodating
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Avoiding is sometimes an appropriate style to choose when
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if the risk of speaking up is too great, such as triggering an embarrassing fight in public, or even risking physical harm.
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Privacy management means
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All of the above. the choices we make to reveal or conceal info about ourselves, weighing the pros and cons of self-disclosing, making a concious and deliberate decision to self-disclose.
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According to your text, all of the following are reasons to be somewhat deceitful in relationships EXCEPT
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to empower others.
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According to you text, all of the following are reasons to be somewhat deceitful in relationships
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to guide social interaction, to save face, to avoid conflict, to expand or reduce relationships
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"It's nice to meet you" is an exmaple of self-disclosure at which of the following levels?
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cliche
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"I'm worried that you won't follow through on your commitment" is an example of self-disclosure at which of the following levels?
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feeling
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"I don't think you're telling the truth" is an example of self-disclosure at which of the following levels?
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opinion
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When the target of self-disclosure is a friend, the most frequent reason people give for volunteering personal information is
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relationship maintenance and enhancement
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With strangers as the target of self-disclosure, the most common reason people give for disclosing is
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reciprocity
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One study of a randomly selected group of e-mail users showed that their electronic relationships were similar to traditional friendships in what way
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...
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Of the following, what is not considered a risk of self-disclosure
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decrease in number of relationships
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Of the following, what is considered a risk of self-disclosure
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loss of influence, negative impression, fear of disapproval, decrease in relational satisfaciton
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When Kathy told John, "I'm just not ready for a serious relationship right now," instead of saying, "I'm not attracted to you," she was
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equivocating
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One experiment determined that the average lie rate was
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3 fibs for every 10 minutes of conversation
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Social scientists generally agree that there are four components to the phenomena we label as "feelings", they are:
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physiological changes, nonverbal reactions, cognitive interpretations, and verbal expression.
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Which of the following does the text offer as a guideline for expressing emotions?
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Share multiple feeligns when appropriate
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Which of the following is a better way of expressing emotion in the statement: "You're making me nervous?"
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Say "I feel nervous when you drive over the speed limit"
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Two things that distinguish facilitative feelings from debilitative ones are
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intensity and duration
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"You never listen to me!" is an example of subscribing to the fallacy of
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helplessness
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Gene is in a great mood when he calls Laura. However, she is in a funk from stressful day at work. After a brief chat Gene hangs up the phone feeling discouraged. This is an example of
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emotional contagion
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Subscribing to fallacy of catastrophic expectations can lead to
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debilitative emotions
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One reason people don't express feelings is
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...
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Emotions that we experience are a result of
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all of above. our own temperaments, beliefs we hold, self-talk, emotional memories.
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Titles of books, periodicals, films, videos, and TV shows underlined in APA fomat?
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False
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In APA, use muerals to express all of the following except,
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numbers that begin sentences, titles, or text headings
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All of the following would be included in a good definition of empathy EXCEPT
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it requires that your opinions match those of the other person
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Empathy is related to perception in that
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empathy is facilitated by trying to perceive things from the other person's point of view
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What's missing from this perception check? "When you didn't do the grocery shopping today like you usually do, I figured you were'nt feeling good or were mad at me."
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It doesn't request clarification
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The recognition of a "figure" as standing out from a "ground" of other stimuli takes place during what phase of perception process
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interpretation stimulation verification organization or selection?
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Which of the following are causes of inaccurate perception
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All of the above. We cling to first impressions. We're influenced by what is most obvious. We assume others are similar to us. We judge ourselves more charitably
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Using the skill of perception checking will help prevent
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inaccurate decoding of messages
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Laura knows her friend mary Ellen is going through a difficult time so she doesn't mind that Mary ellen is particularly quiet at dinner. This is an example of what stage in the perception process?
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Interpretation
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When Lynn got caught speeding, Amy said she should have been more careful; later when Amy got caught speeding, she denied she was driving too fast. This is an example of what tendency in perception
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The self-serving bias
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Which of the following is NOT noted by your APA manual as a strategy to improve writing style?
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Writing from an outline, putting aside the first draft and re-reading it later, asking a colleague to review and critique the draft for you, write the entire paper in one sitting?
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APA format uses headings to help effectively organize ideas and to highlight important items within sections
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True
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During the communication process, the ___ is "the medium through which the message passes" in order to reach the receiver.
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Channel
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This communication model reflects that people send and receive messages simultaneously, that environments affect how communication understand other's bhaviors, notes that noise can reside both inside and outside of each communicatior, and states that communication something we "do with" a receiver, not something we "do to" them
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Trandsactional
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The ____ dimension of communication "involves the information being explicitly discussed", whereas, the ____
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content : relational
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Which of the following is NOT a principle of interpersonal communication?
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Successful communicaiton requires a shared understanding between communicators
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The goals of a literature review include all of the following EXCEPT
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to produce new/original reserach to further examine the topic.
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self-esteem
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involves evaluations of self-worth
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self-concept
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relatively stable set of perceptions you hold of yourself
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self-fulfilling prophecy
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occurs when expectations of an event influence a person's behavior. can be positive or negative
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cognitive conservatism
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the ability to construct a variety of framework for understanding an issue
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identity management
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strategic communication
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perception process
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selection, organization, interpretation, negotiation
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perception checking
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completenance, nonverbal congruency, cultural rules, face saving
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Empathy
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ability to experience another person's point of view
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debilitative
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contributes to effective functioning, biological
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different types of fallacies
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perfection, approval, should, overgeneralization, causation, helplessness
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Powerless speech
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"I'm kinda disappointed"
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equivocal
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statements that have more than one commonly accepted definition
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semantic rules
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govern the grammar of a language
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pseudo listening
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appear to listen, but aren't
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Relational Dialectics
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Disorientation-overwhelmed alternation - alternate times segmentation - opennes-privacy/step kids integration - adapting and blending family traits recalibration - share secrets
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self-disclosure
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process of deliberately revealing information about oneself
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benevolent lie
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unmalicious, even helpful, to the person to whom it is told
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avoiding accommodating competing compromising collaborating
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lose-lose lose-win win-lose partial lose lose win-win
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Relational Conflit styles -complementary -parallel -symmetrical
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-partners use diff, but mutually reinforcing behavior -both partners switch between -partners use same behaviors
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Goffman's Facework theory -facework -maintain -wrong face
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-we have multiple identities, socially approved identity -internally consistent, support from others -FTA's=face threatening actions
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define self = identity management
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appearance, posture, eye contact
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Gottman's Six Primary Signs of Divorce -Harsh start up -Freuquent flooding -Physiological factors -Frequent failed repair attempts -Bad memories -The 4 Horsemen
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1) sarcasm, criticism 4) not relevant 6) criticism, contempt, defensive, stone walling
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