Clinical Ch. 48 – Flashcards
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The insertion of a needle or cannula into a vein for the purpose of withdrawing blood is ____.
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Phlebotomy
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Which of the following is the liquid or fluid portion of the blood?
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Plasma
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The red blood cells, white blood cells, and platelets are known as the ____.
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Formed Elements
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Whole blood is ____.
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the total volume of plasma and formed elements
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Which of the following refers to the rupturing of red blood cells?
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Hemolysis
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Which of the following is most commonly used to cleanse the skin before drawing blood?
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Alcohol
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In tests for which the use of alcohol may result in inaccurate test results, which of the following chemicals may be used to prepare the skin before venipuncture?
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Povidone-Iodine
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Which of the following is part of the preparation for a glucose tolerance test?
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Instruct the patient to eat a high-carbohydrate diet for 3 days before the procedure
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The most common sites for venipuncture are the ____.
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Median Cubital and Cephalic Veins
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Which of the following items forms the first line of defense during a phlebotomy procedure?
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Gloves
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Which of the following would you include when preparing a venipuncture site?
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Cleanse the venipuncture site using a circular motion starting at the center and working outward
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Which of the following would you include when performing venipuncture using an evacuation system?
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Penetrate the vein wall to a depth of 1/4 to 1/2 inch
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Which blood collection device uses interchangeable collection tubes that are calibrated to collect the exact amount of blood required?
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Evacuation System
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Which procedure for obtaining a blood sample is usually performed on the middle finger or the ring finger?
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Capillary Puncture
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Which method of drawing blood would you use on a patient with small or fragile veins?
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Butterfly System
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Which of the following is characteristic of capillary puncture?
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The patient's non-dominant hand is used for this procedure.
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Which of the following is used in the capillary puncture technique?
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Lancet
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Which of the following is characteristic of lancets?
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They are disposable instruments with sharp points used to puncture the skin.
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Which of the following tests requires the use of a blood collection tube with a gray stopper?
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Blood Glucose Tests
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Which tests require the use of a collection tube with a green stopper?
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Electrolyte Studies
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Blood chemistries and HIV/AIDS antibody tests must be performed with a collection tube with what color stopper?
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Red
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Which color stopper is used for a collection tube that contains no additive?
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Red
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The best site for drawing blood from an infant is ____.
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The Heel
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Which of the following is important when drawing blood from an elderly patient?
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Have the patient elevate her arm after removing the needle
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Hemophilia is ____.
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A disorder in which the blood does not coagulate at a wound or puncture site
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After how many unsuccessful attempts at obtaining a good blood sample should you seek assistance from your supervisor or the doctor?
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2
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A blood urea nitrogen (BUN) test is used to identify ____
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Kidney Disorders
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An erythrocyte (RBC) count is used to identify ____.
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Anemia
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Blood tests for potassium and sodium identify ____.
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Fluid-Electrolyte Imbalances
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A blood test that measures creatine kinase (CK) can identify ____.
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Heart Disease
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Which blood test can help identify coronary artery disease and atherosclerosis?
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Total Cholesterol
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Gout is identified by which of type of blood test?
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Uric Acid
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The normal range for potassium in the blood is ____.
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3.5 to 5.1 mEq/L
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Normal prothrombin time (PT) is ____.
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11 to 15 seconds
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The normal blood calcium level is ____.
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8.6 to 10.0 mEq/L
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The normal sodium blood level is ____.
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136 to 145 mEq/L
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The normal fasting blood glucose level is ____.
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74 to 120 mg/dL
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Which of the following identifies how much of the volume of a sample is made up of red blood cells after the sample has been spun in a centrifuge?
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Hematocrit Determination
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Which of the following refers to the study of the shape or form of objects?
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Morphology
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Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and Western blot tests are used to confirm which of the following diagnoses?
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HIV Infection
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The hemoglobin A1c test reflects blood glucose levels over what period of time?
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3 Months
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Which of the following are included in steps for collection of a blood specimen?
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Identify the patient correctly
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To make sure you identify the patient correctly prior to blood collection, you should ____.
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Ask the patient to tell you her name
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In addition to using appropriate engineered safety devices, NIOSH recommends that health-care workers ____.
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Use needles only if no safe alternatives are available
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The physician has asked you to draw blood from Peter, a 24-year-old patient, for routine pre-employment testing. As you begin explaining the process, Peter starts to look very uncomfortable. Although he pretends nothing is wrong, you soon discover that he is afraid of needles. Which of the following suggestions might you make to help Peter?
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"See the magazine in the rack on the wall? Focus on that while I draw the blood."
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Julia is a pretty, 16-year-old patient who has come to the office for her annual physical. The physician has asked you to draw blood for routine blood tests. When she realizes that you are going to draw her blood, she frowns and backs away. She tells you that when "they" drew her blood last year, it left a huge, ugly bruise that took weeks to go away. Which of the following would be your best response?
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"Some bruising is possible, but I will do everything possible to minimize it."
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After explaining the process, you are drawing blood on 82-year-old Mrs. Green using an evacuated tube system. As you insert the third tube into the holder, the Mrs. Green begins to cry. You ask if she is in pain and she says, "No, but I am so scared! Why do they need this much blood? I must have a terrible disease!" Which of the following is your best response?
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"Drawing blood does not necessarily mean you are ill; blood tests are one of the best ways to get an overall picture of your health."
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Kaiden is a 32-year-old businessman who is being seen in the office because he has been feeling fatigued all of the time. He says he is having difficulty concentrating at work, and his appetite is off. The physician has ordered several blood tests. When you explain the procedure to Kaiden, he smiles and says, "Oh, sure, I've been through this many times before. Do what you have to do!" A few seconds after you withdraw the needle, Kaiden suddenly goes limp. You realize that he has fainted and is beginning to slip out of the chair. What should you do?
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Gently lower him to the floor while protecting his head
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Melanie is a 46-year-old unemployed patient who is being seen in the medical office because of a pain in her abdomen that has persisted for three weeks. The physician orders a urinalysis and several blood tests. When you begin preparing to draw her blood, Melanie says, "No! I don't want you to draw my blood. I just want to know what is causing the pain in my stomach. You don't need blood for that! I can't afford all these extra tests." You explain that the blood tests are needed to help diagnose the stomach pain, but Melanie continues to refuse to allow you to draw her blood. What should you do?
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Report her refusal to your supervisor or the physician and make a note in her chart
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A blood collection tube with a gray stopper is used to obtain blood for a blood ________ test.
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Glucose
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A blood collection tube with a yellow stopper is used to obtain blood ________.
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Cultures
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A blood collection tube with a lavender stopper is selected for ________ studies.
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Hematology
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A(n) blood collection tube with a ________ stopper contains heparin.
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Green
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A light blue-stoppered blood collection tube is selected for ________ studies.
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Coagulation
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A blood collection tube with a gold stopper contains a silicone serum separator and is used for studies requiring blood ________.
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Serum
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A(n) ________ is a small, calibrated glass tube that holds a precise volume of fluid.
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Micropipette
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When blood is centrifuged, the heavier red blood cells move to one end of the tube, lighter plasma moves to the other end, and the ________ ________ that contains the white blood cells and platelets is between the two.
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Buffy Coat
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A(n) ________ puncture is a superficial puncture of the skin with a sharp point, releasing a smaller amount of blood than venipuncture.
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Capillary
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The non-automated erythrocyte ________ rate (ESR) test measures the rate at which red blood cells settle to the bottom of a blood sample.
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Sedimentation
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The red blood cells, white blood cells, and platelets are known as the ________ elements in a blood sample.
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Formed
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The rupturing of red blood cells, releasing hemoglobin, is called ________.
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Hemolysis
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A small, disposable instrument with a sharp point used to puncture the skin and make a shallow incision is called a(n) ________.
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Lancet
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The clear, yellow liquid in which the formed elements of blood are suspended is called _______.
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Plasma
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The puncture of a vein performed with a needle for the purpose of drawing blood is called _______.
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Venipuncture
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The gel-like barrier between the serum and the clot in a coagulated blood sample is formed by a serum ________.
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Separator
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The addition of a(n) ________ to a blood collection tube causes the blood to remain in a liquid state.
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Anticoagulant
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When blood leaks out of the vein around the puncture site during venipuncture and collects under the skin, it forms a(n) ________.
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Hematoma
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When blood is centrifuged, the red layer below the buffy coat consists of ________ red blood cells.
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Packed
