CLEET – Ethics

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• As a Law Enforcement Officer, my fundamental duty is to serve mankind; to safeguard lives and property; to protect the innocent against deception, the weak against oppression or intimidation, and the peaceful against violence or disorder; and to respect the Constitutional rights of all men to liberty, equality and justice. • I WILL keep my private life unsullied as an example to all; maintain courageous calm in the face of danger, scorn, or ridicule; develop self-restraint; and be constantly mindful of the welfare of others. Honest in thought and deed in both my personal and official life, I will be exemplary in obeying the laws of the land and the regulations of my department. Whatever I see or hear of a confidential nature or that is confided to me in my official capacity will be kept ever secret unless revelation is necessary in the performance of my duty. • I WILL never act officiously or permit personal feelings, prejudices, animosities or friendships to influence my decisions. With no compromise for crime and with relentless prosecution of criminals, I will enforce the law courteously and appropriately without fear or favor, malice or ill will, never employing unnecessary force or violence and never accepting gratuities. • I RECOGNIZE the badge of my office as a symbol of public faith, and I accept it as a public trust to be held so long as I am true to the ethics of the police service. I will constantly strive to achieve these objectives and ideals, dedicating myself before God to my chosen profession...law enforcement.
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Law Enforcement Code of Ethics
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A code of values, which guides our choices and actions and determines the purpose and course of our lives.
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Define Ethics
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Code of conduct put forward by a society; or some other group (religion), or by an individual regarding their own behavior. The regular practice of principles.
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Define Morality
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the state of mind or spirit that enables one to face danger with self-possession, confidence, and resolution; bravery; valor.
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What is Courage?
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What we hold dear to us and are rooted deep within. Usually stay the same. Will die for these.
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Define Beliefs
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Attitudes about the worth of people, concepts or things. These change.
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Define Values
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Being honest and morally upright
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Define Integrity
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Firm belief in the reliability of someone/something
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Define Trust
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Acts of Omission Acts of Commission - Administrative Acts of Commission - Criminal Entitlement vs. Accountability Loyalty vs. Integrity
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What are some critical unethical acts committed by law enforcement personnel?
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Trustworthiness Respect Responsibility Fairness Caring Citizenship
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What are the six pillars of character?
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Entitlement - you feel you deserve it Accountability- being responsible
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What is the difference between entitlement and accountability?
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- Support, obey, defend the Constitution - I will not knowingly, receive, directly or indirectly, any money or other valuable thing, for the performance or nonperformance of any act or duty pertaining to my office
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What are the key tenets of the oath of office?
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Appropriate and Inappropriate behavior
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The focus of ethics classes are generally on...
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Knowledge & abilities that a person gains throughout life.
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Define Skills
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Distinguishing qualities or characteristics.
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Define Traits
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Religion/upbringing Interactions with society and culture Perception of life
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Beliefs are influenced by:
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the highest good. Example: what is the greatest good for the most people.
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Define Summum Bonum
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• Self-confidence and Faith in Oneself • Self-sacrifice • Paternalism • Fairness and Honesty • Initiative and Decision • Personal Dignity • Courage • Moral Ascendancy
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What are several traits that influence Character?
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A combination of - Reasoning, Scientific Knowledge, Belief, Conjecture, Imagination, and Extrapolation which leads to the
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What is intellect?
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The way an individual perceives, understands, and interprets the surrounding world: a mental map.
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Define paradigm
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• Framing • Overconfidence • Selective Perception • Information Overload • Emotions
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What are the five biases common in most decision makers?
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Implicit processing Explicit processing
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What are the two main systems the brain relies on to process information?
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Alternatives - identify all choices Consequences - project outcomes Tell - tell your story, articulate your rationale
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What is the A.C.T. System?
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The Bell - do any go off in my head when I make a decision? The Book - does it violate any laws, codes, etc.? The Candle - will it withstand the light of day/public spotlight?
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What are three ethical choice strategies?
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A person who practices an occupation involving high standards of intellectual knowledge after successfully completing the required education and training.
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What is a Professional?
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Integrity Honesty Reliability Loyalty
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What is trustworthiness?
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Courtesy Dignity Tolerance
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What is respect?
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Accountability Pursuit of Excellence Self-Control
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What is responsibility?
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Impartial Consistent Process- seek the truth
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What is fairness?
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Compassion Charity
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What is caring?
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Lawfulness Neighborly
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What is citizenship?
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A persons state of readiness to make a 'big' ethical decision
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What is Ethical Fitness?
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Pressure Pleasure Pride Priorities Power
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What are the Five P's that can tarnish the Golden Rule?
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Power becomes desired Use of Organizational resources for self-worth/benefit Exalted sense of self-worth Devaluation of others
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What are the four corrupting influences of Power?
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Conformity to a standard of right.
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Define virtue.
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Intellect
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Knowledge, reasoning and virtue are applications of...?
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Truth
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Our intellect is governed by our understanding of the...?
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Reasoning Scientific knowledge Belief Conjecture Imagination Extrapolation ...which leads to the truth
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Intellect is a combination of...?
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How you perceive the world. A mental map.
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What is a paradigm?
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More than the law requires and less than the law allows.
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An ethical person often chooses to do...
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Ends-based. Do greatest good for greatest number. Rule-based. Follow the principle you want everyone else to follow. Care-based. Do unto others as you would have them do to you.
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What are the three bases of ethical decision making?
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Virtue: Right acts depends on the will of the actor Act according to own conscience and moral compass
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What was Aristotle's philosophy of ethics?
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Utilitarian: Results or consequences Consequences determine moral right Actions that benefit the most
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What was Mill's philosophy of ethics?
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Duty-based: Rule ethics Right is Right, Wrong is Wrong Moral principles are known and universally valid Not dependent on consequences
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What was Kant's philosophy of ethics?
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Treating everyone equally is weak People build own reality through their will to power
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What was Nietzsche's philosophy of ethics?
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Unity and Service: The greatest good Service directed toward society Society trusts servants
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What was Greenleaf's philosophy of ethics?
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Equality: All can come to an understanding for fair treatment Humanity's primary goals are freedom and equality Personal objectives and values create incompatibilities
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What was Berlin's philosophy of ethics?
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1. Pre-Moral - Fear of punishment and self-gratification 2. Conventional - Concern for convention and law & order 3. Principled - Social contract, universal truth
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What are Kohlberg's Stages of Moral Reasoning?
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Options unclear Relevant information is ignored Cost & benefits not properly evaluated Don't use a reliable decision making process
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What are four reasons decision makers make bad decisions?
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Identify the problem Define the objectives Generate alternatives/solutions Evaluate alternatives/solutions Select an option
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What's the presented model for decision making?
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Problem is clearly defined All relevant information is possessed Costs/benefits clearly defined Person is sufficiently motivated The process is free of bias and error
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What are the assumptions made in the above decision-making model?
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Framing Overconfidence Selective perception Information overload Emotions
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What are the five biases common in decision making?
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Experiencing psychological pressure to fit to a frame and ignore info that doesn't match their lens.
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What is Frame-blindness?
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Examine assumptions Try to predict outcomes Appreciate limits of knowledge and abilities Actively solicit input from others
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What are some tips for avoiding overconfidence?
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When you focus on the evidence that supports what you suspect and ignore information that doesn't fit your hypothesis. Also called confirmation bias.
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When does selective perception occur?
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Seek contrary evidence Stay open to different viewpoints, interpretations, solutions Avoid deciding on a COA early, then seeking to confirm it Take the perspective of a disinterested outsider
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What are tips for avoiding Selective Perception?
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S1 - Implicit processing (fast, unconscious, gut feeling) S2 - Explicit processing (slow, effort full, logical, rational)
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What are the two main systems the human brain relies on to process information?
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80%
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The rational brain makes up what percentage of the total?
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Advanced training Common terminology Professional organizations Continuing education Knowledge of what is best for their clients Common certification
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What is required to have a Profession? (6 things)
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Acts of Omission: you overlook things Acts of Commission: Administrative: breaking small rules, policies Acts of Commission: Criminal: trades integrity for loyalty to fellow officers
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What are the three types of Ethical Wrongs?
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Gradual erosion of ethical behavior that occurs in individuals below their level of awareness.
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Define ethical drift.
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Cumulative, small deviations add up to major deviations
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Ethical drift is a ______ phenomenon...
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Avoid the tendency to compromise Reflect - set an ethical course Review - examine waypoints on the course you set Reconsider - current direction and choices Maintain professional boundaries Learn from past experiences Peer support Celebrate and reward desired behavior
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How can we avoid Ethical Drift?
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