question

1. What is the most common method of judge selection?

answer

B) appointment

question

2. In a court of law, the individual representing the criminally accused is the:

answer

B) advocate

question

3. An individual needs assistance in executing a business contract. Who should he contact?

answer

d) either a or b

question

4. Specialization in the legal profession:

answer

d) all of the above

question

5. In China, in which of the following circumstances will an indigent defendant not have counsel assigned to them?

answer

c) The defendant has a prior criminal history.

question

6. The status-based stratification between judges of higher and lower courts is demonstrated in various countries through which of the following?

answer

* d) all of the above

question

7. Which of the following is not a characteristic of a system that adheres to the coordinate ideal?

answer

c) routinization and specialization

question

8. Which of the following nations does not have a bureaucratically oriented system for administering justice?

answer

a) China

question

9. The most common type of judge in British magistrate courts is the:

answer

a) Justice of the Peace.

question

10. Advisors in England are called:

answer

b) solicitors.

question

11. In recent years, discontent with the legal process and profession in England has led to several changes. Which of the following is not one of those changes?

answer

d) Barristers may serve only as prosecutors or only as defense attorneys.

question

12. There are numerous differences between judges of Common Law systems and those of Civil Law systems. Which of the following statements is not true?

answer

a) Judges in Civil Law systems tend to be older than those in Common Law systems.

question

13. Which of the following may represent a criminal defendant in China?

answer

d) all of the above

question

14. Which court level handles the major trial courts that have jurisdiction over any cases involving criminal law and sometimes civil law.

answer

b) courts of general jurisdiction

question

15. Which of the following supranational courts is responsible for adjudicating disputes among member countries.

answer

* b) International Court of Justice

question

1. The need for considerable legal experience is not necessary in Civil Law countries or Islamic Law countries because judges are not asked to interpret law, but only to apply the law.

answer

True

question

The qualifications and training of legal advisors is typically less than that of legal advocates because advisors do not handle criminal matters or make courtroom appearances.

answer

False

question

In England, solicitors enjoy greater prestige than barristers regardless of who is higher paid or works for the larger firm.

answer

False

question

The most common type of magistrates in British courts are laypersons who serve without remuneration.

answer

True

question

Trials in Germany are more influenced by judges than by lawyers.

answer

True

question

The legal profession is France and Germany fall into the category of a bureaucratic system.

answer

True

question

In England, advocacy attorneys may be used interchangeably as prosecutors or defense attorneys.

answer

True

question

Judges in China are highly educated and receive extensive legal training.

answer

False

question

Prosecutors in Japan are allowed to suspend prosecution even when they can prove the offender committed a crime.

answer

True

question

Saudi lawyers who practice in court must be male Muslims.

answer

True

question

Judicial impartiality is a principle that holds that courts and judges are bound to the law and they should make decisions without being under the influence, direct or indirect, of other governmental or political agents.

answer

False

question

12 In the bureaucratic oriented method of judge selection the candidate takes rigorous examinations and years of apprenticeship are necessary to become fully accredited in the particular branch of legal process that the individual chooses

answer

True

question

13 In Saudi Arabia the courts of limited jurisdiction are called are called first degree courts,

answer

True

question

14. The Rome Statute was responsible for legal establishment of the permanent International Criminal Court

answer

True

question

15. The longest running and most permanent supranational court is the International Criminal Court.

answer

False

question

1. The United States has experienced a boom in building prisons and implementing longer sentences for drug crimes and crimes of violence. This illustrates the United States tendency toward which of the following as a purpose of punishment?

answer

D) incapacitation

question

2. What is the purpose of laogai in China?

answer

a) to support the economic system

question

3. Why are the severe corporal penalties prescribed under Islamic Law infrequently carried out?

answer

c) high standards of proof required to convict

question

4. Which country's community service law resulted in community service being used in addition to the prison option, rather than instead of it?

answer

b) France

question

5. Restorative justice is

answer

c) both of the above

question

6. What was the original goal of electronic monitoring?

answer

d) all of the above

question

7. The noncustodial sanction most closely resembling incarceration is:

answer

b) house arrest.

question

8. In order for restorative justice to be effective, who must participate in the process?

answer

d) all of the above

question

9. When a country separates untried prisoners from those already convicted, what type of facility is used to house unconvicted prisoners?

answer

c) remand prisons

question

10. A researcher compares the number of prison admissions over a ten-year period for a number of countries. His research method is referred to as a:

answer

b) flow design.

question

11. Which of the following assertions is probably the least likely reason for increased incarceration rates in recent years?

answer

a) increased crime rates

question

12. According to international reports such as Amnesty International, which country executes more people than all other countries combined?

answer

b) China

question

13. Criminal justice policies designed to appeal to the public desire for punitiveness with little concern for program effectiveness of the clear understanding of community views is knows as:

answer

(d) penal populism

question

14. The goal of reforming offenders for the good of their family, the village and society is important in which model country?

answer

(c) China

question

15. Which of the following is NOT one of the possible reasons for why the United States appears to be moving towards abolition of the death penalty.

answer

a) the decrease in the violent crime rate in the United States

question

1. The continued use of "blue laws" in some areas of the United States is an example of the illegitimate use of criminal sanctions to further religion.

answer

True

question

2. The severity of the punishments prescribed by the Shari'a is mitigated by such high standards of proof that these penalties are rarely carried out.

answer

True

question

Of all the forms of supervising offenders in the community, house arrest is the most common.

answer

false

question

Imprisonment is today the severest punishment inflicted in most societies.

answer

True

question

Data suggest that there is a strong relationship between incarceration rates and crime rates.

answer

false

question

Political commitment to mental hospitals without a trial does not occur in democratic nations.

answer

false

question

Stock design is a measure of prison inmates over a period of time.

answer

false

question

Human rights conventions do not specifically prohibit or prevent corporal punishments as a sentence.

answer

True

question

Germany frequently sentences offenders to jail sentences of less than six months in length.

answer

False

question

10. The USA, Canada, and England have the highest rates of probation around the world.

answer

True

question

11. The international trend is to support the use of the death penalty.

answer

False

question

Almost half of all executions carried out in the US since 1977 are in Texas and New York.

answer

False

question

13. International research on the death penalty has shown no apparent relationship between the increase in crime rates and the reduction in the use of the death.

answer

True

question

14. International courts have not specifically ruled that the death penalty is inhuman or degrading punishment.

answer

True

question

15. The United States is still considered as progressive relative to reforms in sentencing and imprisonment.

answer

False

question

1 The goals of sentencing that prisons hope to achieve are:

answer

c) retribution and incapacitation.

question

2 English prison populations are characterized by a disproportionate representation of:

answer

c) immigrants from British colonies.

question

3 Which of the following is not a noncustodial sanction available in France?

answer

a) house arrest

question

4 Separate correctional facilities exist in France for:

answer

d) all of the above

question

5 What are the goals of German correctional facilities?

answer

b) rehabilitation and reintegration

question

6 Which of the following noncustodial sanctions are not available in Germany?

answer

d) all the above are available

question

7 What is the foundation for the Chinese correctional philosophy?

answer

d) both a and b

question

8 Persons held in China for their involvement in the Tiananmen Square incident have been incarcerated in:

answer

a) reeducation-through-labor facilities.

question

9 What is the purpose of corrections labor in China?

answer

d) all of the above

question

10 Implementation of "back-door" strategies, such as parole and work release, as a solution to prison crowding are examples of the:

answer

c) population reduction strategy.

question

11 An individual has been held in a correctional facility for the past three years for disturbing the public order. He has never had a trial. What country is this individual probably in?

answer

b) China

question

12 An individual is incarcerated in a prison located within a major city. He has received private visits from his wife and children every other month and is currently working outside the prison, although he must return to the prison in the evening. What country is this individual most likely incarcerated in?

answer

d) Germany

question

13 A prison inmate believes his rights have been violated. His case has been taken to prison officials by a nonprofessional who visits the prison each month to talk to the inmates. In what country is this individual mostly likely incarcerated?

answer

a) England

question

14. The crime control model assumes that criminal behavior can be controlled by:

answer

a) introspective therapy

question

15. The legal basis for challenges to prison conditions in the United States comes from what legal document:

answer

a) Eight Amendment to the US Constitution

question

1. Britain's Official Secrets Act makes it illegal for corrections officials to disclose what is going on inside a prison.

answer

True

question

2. One reason for the overcrowding of French prisons is the lack of an option for parole.

answer

False

question

3. Conjugal visits are a right afforded all prisoners in Germany unless they violate a serious prison rule.

answer

True

question

4. Administrative detention allows for incarceration of individuals without benefit of trial in China.

answer

True

question

5. The primary noncustodial sanction used in Japan is probation.

answer

False

question

Saudi Arabia rejected the 1987 Convention for the Protection of Torture or Inhumane or Degrading Treatment of Prisoners.

answer

True

question

Violence is the most common cause of death in prisons throughout the world.

answer

False

question

8. The population reduction strategy calls for the use of prisons only for violent offenders who have not been deterred by other punishments.

answer

False

question

The legal basis for challenges in prison conditions in the United States comes from the 8th Amendment to the Constitution.

answer

True

question

10. Information on Saudi Arabian prisons is limited due to restricted authorization to investigate them.

answer

True

question

11. China has the highest rates of prison overcrowding.

answer

False

question

12. The Geneva Convention is an annual meeting of the United Nations to address and amend prisoners' rights.

answer

False

question

A number of countries have been unable to meet the minimal standards outlined by the United Nations and few if any prison systems observe all their prescriptions.

answer

True

question

14. The Unites States has some of best prison conditions in the world today

answer

True

question

15. The main goal that the Progressive Movement was trying to promote was deterrence.

answer

False

question

1 Why is it so difficult to reach a consensus on the definition of terrorism?

answer

d) all of the above

question

2 What are the two general types of terrorism?

answer

b) domestic and international

question

3 Jihad is an example of what type of terrorism?

answer

c) religious

question

4 The Reign of Terror in France is an example of what type of terrorism?

answer

c) state-sponsored

question

5 What does the goal of massive publicity achieve for terrorists?

answer

d) all of the above

question

6 The Good Friday accord was an agreement signed by which of the following parties?

answer

a) Catholics and Protestants

question

7 Which of the following terrorist groups has Bin Laden used his ties with to conduct a worldwide campaign of terrorism?

answer

d) Al-Qaida

question

8 What is Bin Laden's goal for the use of terrorism?

answer

d) all of the above

question

9 Which of the following responses to international terrorism includes the use of the political process to solve problems between groups?

answer

a) foreign policy

question

10 Who has been the target of terrorism in Germany in the last twenty years?

answer

c) foreign immigrants

question

11 The most serious act of international terrorism in Saudi Arabia in the 1990s was directed at what country?

answer

c) United States

question

12 Which of the following complicate organized responses to international terrorism?

answer

d) all of the above

question

13 The United States policy dealing with terrorists and terrorist activity includes which of the following?

answer

d) neither a nor b

question

14 What is probably the most dangerous terrorist threat of the 21st century?

answer

a) computer terrorism

question

15. Which of the following statements is not true?

answer

b) In recent years, there has been a decrease in the number of terrorist groups that have surfaced.

question

1. Probably the most important goal of terrorist activity is to create massive publicity on a worldwide scale.

answer

True

question

2. Osama bin Laden was responsible for helping the PLO gain recognition in the United Nations as a legitimate political entity.

answer

False

question

3. Israel is one of the seven countries designated by the United States as a state sponsor of terrorism.

answer

False

question

4. The United States appears to be relatively free of international terrorist activities.

answer

True

question

5. The United States policy dealing with terrorists and terrorist activity allows concessions to terrorists in cases where it is necessary to obtain release of American citizens held as hostages.

answer

False

question

While there seems to be a decline in terrorism in many areas of the world in recent years, the number of terrorist groups appears to have increased.

answer

True

question

7. The Patriot Act was repealed in 2006 after its original statute from 2001 was not renewed by federal legislators.

answer

False

question

8. Terrorism in the United States is generally believed to have begun with the events of 9/11/01.

answer

False

question

9. Following the rise in international terrorist incidents in 2006 the Bush Administration called for the cancellation of such data collection by the U.S. Federal Government.

answer

True

question

The response to international terrorism called military and police detection calls for the use of elite counter terrorism units that may even choose assassination as an option to mitigate the problem of terrorism.

answer

True

question

1. Organized crime is a continuing criminal enterprise that rationally works to profit from illicit activities that are often in great public demand. Its continuing existence is maintained through the use of force, threats, monopoly control, and/or ______.

answer

c. The corruption of public officials

question

2. The term Mafia is synonymous with _______, referring to groups of organized crime "families" in the United States in a number of larger cities.

answer

d. Cosa Nostra

question

3. When we talk about crime "families," this is not a descriptive term because:

answer

b. The members of these groups are often are unrelated to each other

question

4. Provision of illicit goods and services includes what types of activities?

answer

d. All of these

question

5. The infiltration of business or government is NOT characterized by the following?

answer

d. Stolen property

question

6. Trafficking in human beings is characterized by which of the following?

answer

d. All of these

question

7. The Transnational Convention against Organized Crime is significant because..

answer

b. Its provisions are legally binding on ratifying countries

question

8. Using ethnicity to explain organized crime is limited because it fails to explain..

answer

d. All of these

question

9. The "ethnicity trap" is what?

answer

b. Attempting to explain organized crime as caused by several specific groups

question

10. It is true that much organized crime today operates in the form of what?

answer

c. Smaller fluid networks which organize for specific crimes

question

11. A United Nations study of organized crime groups found what proportion of the groups identified to be ethnically-based?

answer

c. About a third

question

12. One reason why Colombian drug cartels have been successful is that they ____.

answer

b. Protect themselves from their employees

question

13. Terrorist-type tactics used by drug organizations to intimidate governments is called what?

answer

b. Narco-terrorism

question

14. Triads are secret groups which are right-wing nationalists and outlawed in what country?

answer

a. China

question

15. Japanese organized crime groups are called "boryokudan," while the criminals call themselves what?

answer

b. Yakuza

question

16. Corruption occurs when an official position is misused for _____.

answer

a. Personal gain

question

17. An underground paperless banking system in which money is deposited in one country with a trusted broker and withdrawn the same day from a broker in another country is called:

answer

a. Hawala

question

18. An index of organized crime provides an estimate of businesses victimized by organized crime. The results found that lack of independence and integrity of the judiciary was the most important predictor of the extent of organized crime, followed by _______.

answer

a. Lack of effective police

question

. Provision of illicit goods and services is an inherently consensual activity.

answer

True

question

2. Economic harm is common to all types of organized crime activity.

answer

True

question

3. Threats and violence by organized crime groups enforce contracts as well as serve symbolic functions in discouraging undesirable behaviors, similar to the use of force by legal governments.

answer

True

question

4. The ethnicity trap means that individuals feel trapped by their ethnic or national heritage.

answer

False

question

5. Ethnic or culturally-based organized crime groups act as networks where members come together because of access, connections, or expertise, a particular criminal scheme, but there is no ongoing group structure.

answer

False

question

6. Russian Mafiya and related Ukrainian networks found to operate in New York, where partners are taken on when needed to carry out a criminal activity, but there is no hierarchy that exists independent of the criminal scheme.

answer

True

question

7. Mafia groups commonly have ornate tattoos and dress distinctively.

answer

False

question

8. A UN survey of organized crime groups in 16 countries found that very few were active in three or more countries.

answer

False

question

9. Organized crime has become an international problem due to the globalization of the world economy, arising in part from the fall of the Soviet Union, the switch to a free- market economy in China, and emerging democracies throughout the world.

answer

True

question

10. Europe is a continent that is not in transition because the European Union (EU) has expanded from 15 to 27 countries, and it now includes many new, emerging democracies that were formerly part of the Soviet Union.

answer

False

question

1. A criminal act is committed by a person under the legal age established by the government, the act is considered _____.

answer

c. Delinquency

question

2. Which of the following is NOT a status offense, if committed by a juvenile?

answer

d. Theft

question

3. An emphasis on due process in juvenile justice focus on what?

answer

b. Fair and equitable treatment under law

question

4. Which of the follow g are United Nations efforts in the area of juvenile justice?

answer

d. All of these

question

Which of the following countries has the most juveniles in prison (as a [percent of the total prison population]?

answer

a. United States

question

6. Three principles must be followed if delinquency prevention is to be more effectively sought: learning from the past, evaluation of existing efforts, and ______.

answer

c. Greater imagination in handling juveniles

question

7. The approach to juvenile justice in Germany can be characterized as _____.

answer

c. Rehabilitative

question

8. The treatment of juveniles under law in Saudi Arabia can be characterized how?

answer

d. All of these

question

9. Japan operates under the philosophy of _______, in which the court acts as a surrogate parent when dealing with juveniles.

answer

b. Parens patriae

question

10. China has many nonjudicial approaches to juvenile rehabilitation, such as _____.

answer

a. Bangjiao (help and education) and work-study schools.

question

1. The problem of juvenile crime and the societal and legal responses to it pose difficulties more complicated than those faced in addressing adult criminality.

answer

True

question

2. Delinquency is distinguished from crime not by the behaviors engaged in, but by the age of the offender.

answer

True

question

3. Status offenses involve violations of the criminal law that are designed to thwart more serious misbehavior.

answer

False

question

4. The most common types of crimes committed by juveniles are crimes of violence.

answer

False

question

5. The proportion of arrests involving juveniles (compared to adults) in the United States has been rising

answer

False

question

6. Most countries have some kind of separate juvenile justice system.

answer

True

question

7. Parens patriae is a doctrine that comes from medieval times that stated the English Crown was able to intervene in family matters if the parents were unable or unwilling to care for the welfare of a child.

answer

True

question

8. The Youth Aid Section in New Zealand is a national police unit of trained officers that diverts more than half of young offenders out of the justice system.

answer

True

question

9. Juvenile justice is now clearly a part of the UN's mission in its efforts to promote human rights, worth of the human person, equal rights, and respect.

answer

False

question

10. UN Conventions are more significant than rules, principles, or guidelines because they are binding in nature, requiring ratifying nations to abide by their provisions or else face sanctions.

answer

True

question

11. The UN Convention on the Rights of the Child entered into force in 1990, and it has since been ratified by 192 nations, including all UN members plus one nonmember country. No other international agreement relating to justice has such universal support

answer

True

question

12. Virtually all juveniles break the law, but very few go on to become serious or frequent offenders

answer

True

question

13. Study findings have shown that the delinquency interventions that are least effective address both problems of the individual (the need to build skills and competencies) and conditions in the social environment (parents, schools, and peer groups).

answer

False

question

14. England's approach to juvenile justice has many similarities to that of the United States.

answer

True

question

15. The community service order was developed for both juveniles and adults in France as a rehabilitative form of disposition.

answer

True

question

The instructor argues that terrorism is a desperate act engaged in by people who hate to the point of not caring whom else they hurt in order to extract revenge.

answer

False

question

According to the instructor, the Middle East in implicated in terrorism because of competing claims of inherent rights of settlement.

answer

True

question

United Nations Security Council is made ten countries democratically elected among member nations.

answer

False

question

According to the text, terrorist activities are sometimes sanctioned and supported by other nations.

answer

True

question

5. In which of the following countries did the recent uprising in the Middle East start?

answer

d) Tunisia

question

6. The young man whose suicide started the so-called revolution killed himself by:

answer

c) Setting himself on fire

question

7. The instructor argues that in Islam, there is no distinction between

answer

b) Religious life and mundane life

question

8. The Geneva Convention provides the guidelines for dealing with

answer

c) Prisoners of war

question

9. Which of this is not considered by the book to be a foreign policy option in dealing protracted struggles that may contribute to terrorism?

answer

d) Giving in to demands

question

10. Which of the following is not one of the Islamic Sunni schools of Jurisprudence?

answer

d) Imamiya

question

The Law under Islam represents abstract and not practical applications of Religious teachings of the prophet

answer

False

question

12. Which of the following African leaders has been on trial at the Hague?

answer

c) Taylor

question

13. The learned leaders who formulate the basis for acceptable types of consensus under Islamic Law are called

answer

a) Ulama

question

14. English laws of parliament that describe the machinery of government are called

answer

b) Organic Laws

question

The tendency to export English laws into its colonies led to

answer

a) Legal Pluralism

question

16. The lay judges in the USA who carry out many legal functions such as solving minor conflicts, small civil claims, minor civil claims and adjudicating traffic violations are called

answer

c) Justice of the Peace

question

Recent developments show that there is increasing pressure on the United Nations to become more democratic regarding the role and participation of the rapidly developing nations.

answer

True

question

Which of the following major powers is not a permanent member of the United Nations Security Council?

answer

c) Germany

question

According to the authors there is a trend in each of the model countries to deal with the development and implementation of prevention strategies in dealing with juvenile offenders.

answer

True

question

20. There is a universal support for the creation uniform standards for a global administration of Justice embodied in International Court of Justice.

answer

False

CJS 325 Final – Flashcards

Unlock all answers in this set

Haven't found what you were looking for?

Search for samples, answers to your questions and flashcards