Federal District Courts Flashcards, test questions and answers

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What is Federal District Courts?

The Federal District Courts are the trial courts of the United States federal court system. These courts have jurisdiction over civil and criminal cases involving violations of federal law, admiralty matters, controversies between two or more states and bankruptcy proceedings. The judges of these courts are appointed by the President with the advice and consent of Congress. The Federal District Courts can hear any case that is based on a federal statute or if there has been diversity in citizenship; meaning that at least one party must be from another state than all other parties to a suit. In addition, some districts also have specialized divisions for certain types of cases such as Social Security appeals or patent disputes. They may also convene grand juries and issue subpoenas when needed for investigations into crimes related to their jurisdiction. Federal District Courts usually take precedence over state court systems because they deal with matters that involve laws created by Congress as well as issues concerning interstate commerce which are not within any single state’s authority to regulate alone. Final decisions from each district’s judiciary may be appealed directly to the United States Supreme Court depending upon whether it is an original action (i.e., no prior judicial proceedings) or involves an appeal from a lower-level decision made in either a state court system or another Federal District Court covered under its appellate jurisdiction rules. In addition to being able to hear both civil and criminal cases, Federal District Courts provide a unique forum for adjudicating claims against foreign governments (such as terrorism lawsuits). Furthermore, they often serve as important arbiters in multi-jurisdictional conflicts pursuant to special doctrines like pendent jurisdiction which allows them greater leeway in hearing actions outside their geographic area but still related to ones already before them on their docket(s).